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AQA A-Level Human Geography > 🌆CASE STUDY - Cheonggyecheon > Flashcards

🌆CASE STUDY - Cheonggyecheon Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Cheonggyecheon?

A

Seoul, South Korea

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2
Q

Since when has the river flowed through the city?

A

1300s

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3
Q

When was the river covered?

A

The 1960s

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4
Q

Why was the river covered?

A

To build a road above it as Seoul rapidly developed

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5
Q

What was the aim of the project?

A

To improve air quality, urban drainage, reduce traffic and increase the number of residents commuting on foot

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6
Q

How long did the removal of the road take?

A

2 years

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7
Q

How much did the removal of the road cost?

A

£200 million

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8
Q

When did the government decide to return the river to an open stream?

A

2002

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9
Q

Why did the government decide to return the river to an open stream?

A

Due to build up of traffic in the city and poor air quality

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10
Q

What was done to the river banks?

A

They were vegetated

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11
Q

What was the wider plan for the ‘Seoul forest’?

A

To create a green corridor so that wildlife could move freely without having to cross roads

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12
Q

How were the local community engaged in the project?

A

Through events and community projects

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13
Q

Where is water used from the create a constant flow of water?

A

The Han river, groundwater and purified water from sewerage treatment

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14
Q

Does the project impact urban drainage positively or negatively?

A

Perhaps negatively, as water is pumped in from elsewhere

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15
Q

How much has traffic reduced by?

A

2.3%

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16
Q

How much as use of the subway risen by?

A

4.3%

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17
Q

What was conserved and re-positioned?

A

Historic sites and bridges

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18
Q

Why has the project been criticised?

A

Because the pumping of water is costly, and the concrete bed makes water purification by animals difficult, as well as increases in Algae

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19
Q

How much has algae increased by year on year?

A

30%

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20
Q

What happened to the Cheonggycheon river 200 years ago?

A

Channelised and widened

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21
Q

What happened to the Cheonggycheon river 40 years ago?

A

. Piped and covered by road
. Increased air pollution in the city as more cars
. Made it difficult to repair the pipes as they were below ground

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22
Q

How was the river restored?

A

. Removed the roads over 2 years
. Created bridges over the new river channel
. Bus lanes added

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23
Q

How much did the restoration project cost?

A

380 billion Won

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24
Q

How many skilled workers were employed during the restoration project?

A

700,000

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25
Q

How far did the project span?

A

5.8 km

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26
Q

How many bridges were installed?
How many were pedestrian?
What did the bridges improve?

A

22 bridges
12 pedestrian
Improved the movement between the north and south of the city

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27
Q

How have cars been discouraged?

A

. Rapid bus lanes increased bus usage by 15%
. Increase in pedestrian friendly areas

28
Q

Why did local businesses initially resist the renovation project?

A

Taught it would threaten their livelihoods

29
Q

How were the issues of local businesses addressed?

A

. 4,000 debate meetings held
. Extra parking provided- maintain customers
. Provided grants for businesses

30
Q

Why were transportation experts concerned about the highway removal?

A

Thought it would increase congestion as the highway carried 169,000 vehicles a day

31
Q

How did citizens actively contribute to the project?

A

Participating in competitions and festivals

32
Q

Successes: What does the river provide for Seoul residents?

A

. A place of rest and relaxation
. Improves their quality of life

33
Q

Successes: How many tourists have visited in the 10 years after the restoration?

A

190 million

34
Q

Successes: Why has the road removal been good?

A

. Reduces urban air pollution
. More now walk or get the bus

35
Q

Successes: How many events have been held in the 10 years since the restoration?
What makes the events even better?

A

. Nearly 30,000
. They are free- accessible for all

36
Q

Successes: By how much have city temperatures reduced?

A

. 2.5C
. Air flows freely along the stream creating a cooling wind

37
Q

Successes: What will the project focus on in the next 50 years?

A

Improving ecology

38
Q

Successes: Where has the Cheonggycheon Museum been built?

A

. On the embankment
. Shows the areas history and reconstruction- tourist attraction plus has historical significance for residents

39
Q

Failures: How much does it cost to run each year?

A

$6.5 million

40
Q

Failures: Where does most of the water in the river come from?
How much each day?

A

. Hangang River
. 120,000 tons each day

41
Q

Failures: How much have speeds slowed in the CBD due to increased congestion?

A

12.3%

42
Q

Failures: Why was some historical significance lost?

A

Historical bridges were not restored in the same location, they were moved along the river

43
Q

Failures: Why have Korean residents outside of Seoul missed out?

A

Large amounts of money invested in Seoul- less for them

44
Q

Failures: Why is it hard for the disabled to access?
What has been done to help?

A

. Irregular surfaces
. Poorly lit for visually impaired
. Lifts installed at 7 locations, free wheelchairs for those with mobility problems

45
Q

When was Cheonggyecheon restored?

A

2003-05

46
Q

When was the expressway built and what did it do

A

1971 - enclosed the river system

47
Q

Originally what was the only input into the river?

A

Urban drainage system and waste water

48
Q

What was there nothing of at the river before?

A

No vegetation so no evapotranspiration

49
Q

The project aims (5 aims)

A

. Bring environmental benefits back to the river
. An ecologically sensitive pedestrian corridor which improves the environment
. To dismantle the elevated freeway and concrete deck above the stream
. Improve the quality of life
. Increase business competitiveness and connectivity either side of the river

50
Q

What was the cost of the restoration scheme

A

$281million

51
Q

What did the restored river maintain a regular flow of

A

40cm depth

52
Q

What does the middle zone of the project have?

A

Fountains and waterfalls to increase biological oxygen supply

53
Q

What does the final zone of the project have?

A

. Stream designed to look overgrown and wild.
. At the end the river flows into a wetland conservation area, and the end of the project

54
Q

How many years does the river provide a flood protection for?

A

200

55
Q

How did biodiversity increase by?

A

Over 600%

56
Q

How much did the number of plant species increase by?

A

From 62 to 308

57
Q

How much did the number of fish species increase by?

A

From 4 to 25

58
Q

Rates of what increased and why?

A

Evapotranspiration rates increased because of the introduction of plants to the system

59
Q

How much was small particle pollution reduced by?

A

35%

60
Q

How much to foreign tourists contribute to the scheme through visitor spending?

A

$2 million

61
Q

Before the restoration what were residents twice as likely to suffer from?

A

Respiratory disease as those in other parts of the city

62
Q

How much did price of the land increase by?

A

30-50%

63
Q

By what % did the number of businesses increase by?

A

3.5%

64
Q

How much did the number of working people increase by?

A

0.8%

65
Q

How did business owners feel about the project?

A

Some were not happy

66
Q

Negative

A

. Uses electricity to artificially pump water - is the electricty clean
. Urban drainage is not based on natural urban drainage but by 2050 it will be
. Historical bridge moved - not a success culturally

AQA A-Level Human Geography (58 decks)

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