🌆Case Study - Birmingham Flashcards
Poverty
An absolute term referring to a poor standard of living which doesn’t change over time
Inequality
Economic differences between people at a variety of scales. This is all relative and not absolute like poverty
7 dimensions of deprivation
1) Income
2) Employment
3) Health and disability
4) Education, skills and training
5) Crime
6) Housing and services
7) Living environment
What do the NEF aim to do in Birmingham?
. Want to raise the minimum wage
. Requiring companies to publish the difference between the highest and lowest salaries they pay out a - bargaining power of workers
The Birmingham Living Wage Partnership want to become a ______
Living Wage City
Where is the quality of education poor?
In inner city areas such as Aston
What law does Birmingham want to include in schools?
Equality Act 2010
What sessions will be explored through the Equality Act 2010?
Anti-racist sessions with schools to explore what it means to be anti-racist in Britain today
Who was partnered with to deliver the Anti-Racism in Education programme?
The University of Birmingham’s School of Education
When did the University of Birmingham school open?
In 2015 with the belief: “Together, we’ll flourish.”
How is the University of Birmingham school tackling segregation?
By having multiple catchment areas
What else does the University of Birmingham school focus on?
Character education and encourage them to show courage, compassion, empathy, justice, honesty, on a day to day basis
What lead to high unemployment?
The closure of factories in the manufacturing industry
What does Birmingham have the highest share of?
People with no qualifications of any UK city
Who is Birmingham focussing on improving the life chances of?
Young people by focusing on early years education uptake
What has Birmingham set up to improve employment?
The West Midlands Skills Fund
What does the West Midlands Skills Fund aim to provide?
. To provide more tailored and targeted employment and training programmes
. Providing better career guidance to young people
. Making the city more attractive to high-knowledge businesses
What has Birmingham’s high population resulted in?
Pressures on housing
What is there not enough of in Birmingham?
Good quality and affordable housing for people in the city
Social housing
. Can be rented from housing associations or councils at reduced rents
. Can be part-sold, part-rented as shared ownership
How long are Birmingham council house applicants spending on the waiting list before getting a home?
1 year and 3 months
How many properties does the city council have?
61,000 properties, and this is decreasing each year
What do Birmingham want to ensure all residents have equal access to?
Training and jobs
In regards to public transport what do they want to create?
Safe routes to education and leisure opportunities
How does Birmingham want to design their streets??
Design streets which connect communities and create a happy atmosphere
What are the four principles for Birmingham improving public transport?
- Reallocating road space
- Transforming the city centre
- Prioritising active travel in local neighbourhoods
- Managing demand through parking measures
What construction is underway regarding transport?
A34 and A45 Sprint routes
What is being introduced regarding transport?
Cross city buses
Active Travel Fund schemes
Delivering extensive reallocation of road space for cycling and walking schemes
When was Birmingham’s Clean Air Zone launched and what does it cover?
June 2021, covering all roads within the A4540 Ring Road
What does a fairness commission do?
Advise local councils on how to make decisions and spend money in as fair a way possible
Fairness Commission policies
. Incentivising Living Wage employers
. Requiring companies to publish their pay ratio of highest to lowest earner
. Offering free school meals
. Investing in enterprise to create good jobs
What did Birmingham set up instead of a Fairness Commission?
A social inclusion consultation process
What did the Giving Hope Changing Lives consultation examine?
. Diversity of place
. Well being
. Young people
What was developed in key areas of the city?
Seven social inclusion commitments
What is the most multicultural city in the world?
. Toronto
. Half of its population is born outside os Canada and are from 200 ethnic groups
How many languages are spoken in London
300
What % of Parisians were born outside of France?
20%
How many major languages are spoken in Mumbai?
16
What percentage of New Yorkers Speak a language other than English at home?
45%
Ethnic diversity in Birmingham
. White British - 53%
. Indian - 6%
. Pakistani - 13%
. Black - 9%
White British reduced from 66% to 53% which is considerably lower than the British average of 80%
Self segregation
Where the individuals take themselves away to a certain area
Forced segregation
Where housing, services or other external factors create a segregated urban area
Birmingham is the ____ most deprived city in the UK after _____
. 3rd
. Liverpool and Manchester
What % of Birmingham’s wards are in the 10% most deprived ward in the UK?
Over 50%
In Sparkbrook what % of the population are 65+ compared to what % in SFO?
. SFO - 22%
. Sparkbrook - 8%
In SFO what % of the working population are white and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?
. SFO - 88%
. Sparkbrook - 15%
In SFO what % of the population are Asian and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?
. Sparkbrook - 62%
. SFO - 8%
In SFO what % of the population have bad health and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?
. Sparkbrook - 9%
. SFO - 3%
In SFO what % of the population are in the top 5% most deprived and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?
. Sparkbrook - 74%
. SFO - 0%
In SFO what % of the residents are economically active and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?
. SFO - 80%
. Sparkbrook - 54%
In SFO what % of the residents are employed and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?
. SFO - 74%
. Sparkbrook - 19%
In SFO what % have no qualifications and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?
. Sparkbrook - 31%
. SFO - 9%
In SFO what % have English as their main language and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?
. SFO - 97%
. Sparkbrook - 58%
In SFO what % are machine operators and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?
. Sparkbrook - 12%
. SFO - 4%
In SFO what % are managers and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?
. SFO - 17%
. Sparkbrook - 12%
How can they solve cultural diversity through the children?
. Improving educational provision and opportunities in deprived areas
. Improve literacy in areas where English can be a second language
How can they solve cultural diversity through employment?
Improve basic skills and access to information and training
What is the issue with ‘jobs for migrants’
May cause resentment and racial intolerance
Issues associated with cultural diversity (housing)
. New migrants generally are poor upon arrival in a country.
. Multiple occupancy in rented accommodation is widespread.
. Ethnic minorities have traditionally been less successful in securing mortgage loans
Issues associated with cultural diversity (education)
. Concentration of ethnic groups has led to schools becoming dominated by one ethnic group
. Additional English lessons may be necessary and
. Specialist schools may open, such as faith schools
. Variation in educational attainment of different ethnic groups.
What are all ethnic minority groups were more likely to do?
Go to university than their White British peers
Issues associated with cultural diversity (health)
. Many ethnic minority groups to live in inner-city areas with poorer levels of health.
. Poorer quality of the built environment
Issues associated with cultural diversity (religion)
. Migrants may wish to follow their own religious calendars.
. This could lead to friction with employers and local communities.
. Misunderstanding of religious practices
