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AQA A-Level Human Geography > 🌆Case Study - Birmingham > Flashcards

🌆Case Study - Birmingham Flashcards

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1
Q

Poverty

A

An absolute term referring to a poor standard of living which doesn’t change over time

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2
Q

Inequality

A

Economic differences between people at a variety of scales. This is all relative and not absolute like poverty

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3
Q

7 dimensions of deprivation

A

1) Income
2) Employment
3) Health and disability
4) Education, skills and training
5) Crime
6) Housing and services
7) Living environment

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4
Q

What do the NEF aim to do in Birmingham?

A

. Want to raise the minimum wage
. Requiring companies to publish the difference between the highest and lowest salaries they pay out a - bargaining power of workers

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5
Q

The Birmingham Living Wage Partnership want to become a ______

A

Living Wage City

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6
Q

Where is the quality of education poor?

A

In inner city areas such as Aston

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7
Q

What law does Birmingham want to include in schools?

A

Equality Act 2010

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8
Q

What sessions will be explored through the Equality Act 2010?

A

Anti-racist sessions with schools to explore what it means to be anti-racist in Britain today

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9
Q

Who was partnered with to deliver the Anti-Racism in Education programme?

A

The University of Birmingham’s School of Education

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10
Q

When did the University of Birmingham school open?

A

In 2015 with the belief: “Together, we’ll flourish.”

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11
Q

How is the University of Birmingham school tackling segregation?

A

By having multiple catchment areas

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12
Q

What else does the University of Birmingham school focus on?

A

Character education and encourage them to show courage, compassion, empathy, justice, honesty, on a day to day basis

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13
Q

What lead to high unemployment?

A

The closure of factories in the manufacturing industry

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14
Q

What does Birmingham have the highest share of?

A

People with no qualifications of any UK city

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15
Q

Who is Birmingham focussing on improving the life chances of?

A

Young people by focusing on early years education uptake

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16
Q

What has Birmingham set up to improve employment?

A

The West Midlands Skills Fund

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17
Q

What does the West Midlands Skills Fund aim to provide?

A

. To provide more tailored and targeted employment and training programmes
. Providing better career guidance to young people
. Making the city more attractive to high-knowledge businesses

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18
Q

What has Birmingham’s high population resulted in?

A

Pressures on housing

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19
Q

What is there not enough of in Birmingham?

A

Good quality and affordable housing for people in the city

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20
Q

Social housing

A

. Can be rented from housing associations or councils at reduced rents
. Can be part-sold, part-rented as shared ownership

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21
Q

How long are Birmingham council house applicants spending on the waiting list before getting a home?

A

1 year and 3 months

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22
Q

How many properties does the city council have?

A

61,000 properties, and this is decreasing each year

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23
Q

What do Birmingham want to ensure all residents have equal access to?

A

Training and jobs

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24
Q

In regards to public transport what do they want to create?

A

Safe routes to education and leisure opportunities

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25
Q

How does Birmingham want to design their streets??

A

Design streets which connect communities and create a happy atmosphere

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26
Q

What are the four principles for Birmingham improving public transport?

A
  1. Reallocating road space
  2. Transforming the city centre
  3. Prioritising active travel in local neighbourhoods
  4. Managing demand through parking measures
27
Q

What construction is underway regarding transport?

A

A34 and A45 Sprint routes

28
Q

What is being introduced regarding transport?

A

Cross city buses

29
Q

Active Travel Fund schemes

A

Delivering extensive reallocation of road space for cycling and walking schemes

30
Q

When was Birmingham’s Clean Air Zone launched and what does it cover?

A

June 2021, covering all roads within the A4540 Ring Road

31
Q

What does a fairness commission do?

A

Advise local councils on how to make decisions and spend money in as fair a way possible

32
Q

Fairness Commission policies

A

. Incentivising Living Wage employers
. Requiring companies to publish their pay ratio of highest to lowest earner
. Offering free school meals
. Investing in enterprise to create good jobs

33
Q

What did Birmingham set up instead of a Fairness Commission?

A

A social inclusion consultation process

34
Q

What did the Giving Hope Changing Lives consultation examine?

A

. Diversity of place
. Well being
. Young people

35
Q

What was developed in key areas of the city?

A

Seven social inclusion commitments

36
Q

What is the most multicultural city in the world?

A

. Toronto
. Half of its population is born outside os Canada and are from 200 ethnic groups

37
Q

How many languages are spoken in London

A

300

38
Q

What % of Parisians were born outside of France?

A

20%

39
Q

How many major languages are spoken in Mumbai?

A

16

40
Q

What percentage of New Yorkers Speak a language other than English at home?

A

45%

41
Q

Ethnic diversity in Birmingham

A

. White British - 53%
. Indian - 6%
. Pakistani - 13%
. Black - 9%
White British reduced from 66% to 53% which is considerably lower than the British average of 80%

42
Q

Self segregation

A

Where the individuals take themselves away to a certain area

43
Q

Forced segregation

A

Where housing, services or other external factors create a segregated urban area

44
Q

Birmingham is the ____ most deprived city in the UK after _____

A

. 3rd
. Liverpool and Manchester

45
Q

What % of Birmingham’s wards are in the 10% most deprived ward in the UK?

A

Over 50%

46
Q

In Sparkbrook what % of the population are 65+ compared to what % in SFO?

A

. SFO - 22%
. Sparkbrook - 8%

47
Q

In SFO what % of the working population are white and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?

A

. SFO - 88%
. Sparkbrook - 15%

48
Q

In SFO what % of the population are Asian and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?

A

. Sparkbrook - 62%
. SFO - 8%

49
Q

In SFO what % of the population have bad health and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?

A

. Sparkbrook - 9%
. SFO - 3%

50
Q

In SFO what % of the population are in the top 5% most deprived and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?

A

. Sparkbrook - 74%
. SFO - 0%

51
Q

In SFO what % of the residents are economically active and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?

A

. SFO - 80%
. Sparkbrook - 54%

52
Q

In SFO what % of the residents are employed and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?

A

. SFO - 74%
. Sparkbrook - 19%

53
Q

In SFO what % have no qualifications and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?

A

. Sparkbrook - 31%
. SFO - 9%

54
Q

In SFO what % have English as their main language and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?

A

. SFO - 97%
. Sparkbrook - 58%

55
Q

In SFO what % are machine operators and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?

A

. Sparkbrook - 12%
. SFO - 4%

56
Q

In SFO what % are managers and how does this compare to Sparkbrook?

A

. SFO - 17%
. Sparkbrook - 12%

57
Q

How can they solve cultural diversity through the children?

A

. Improving educational provision and opportunities in deprived areas
. Improve literacy in areas where English can be a second language

58
Q

How can they solve cultural diversity through employment?

A

Improve basic skills and access to information and training

59
Q

What is the issue with ‘jobs for migrants’

A

May cause resentment and racial intolerance

60
Q

Issues associated with cultural diversity (housing)

A

. New migrants generally are poor upon arrival in a country.
. Multiple occupancy in rented accommodation is widespread.
. Ethnic minorities have traditionally been less successful in securing mortgage loans

61
Q

Issues associated with cultural diversity (education)

A

. Concentration of ethnic groups has led to schools becoming dominated by one ethnic group
. Additional English lessons may be necessary and
. Specialist schools may open, such as faith schools
. Variation in educational attainment of different ethnic groups.

62
Q

What are all ethnic minority groups were more likely to do?

A

Go to university than their White British peers

63
Q

Issues associated with cultural diversity (health)

A

. Many ethnic minority groups to live in inner-city areas with poorer levels of health.
. Poorer quality of the built environment

64
Q

Issues associated with cultural diversity (religion)

A

. Migrants may wish to follow their own religious calendars.
. This could lead to friction with employers and local communities.
. Misunderstanding of religious practices

AQA A-Level Human Geography (58 decks)

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