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AQA A-Level Human Geography > 🌆CASE STUDY - City Challenge > Flashcards

🌆CASE STUDY - City Challenge Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an example of city challenge?

A

The Hulme, Manchester

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2
Q

How many city challenge schemes took place between 1992 and 1998?

A

31

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3
Q

How much money was given by the government?

A

£1 billion

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4
Q

What issues did the Hulme have?

A

In early 19th century, overcrowding was an issue and poorly built social housing became common

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5
Q

When was the area cleared for redevelopment?

A

1960s

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6
Q

What was built to replace the 19th century social housing?

A

Tower blocks and tall buildings

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7
Q

How much was invested in the regeneration of the Hulme?

A

£37.5 million

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8
Q

How was housing changed?

A

Tower blocks demolished and a variety of new houses built, a mixture of council owned and private residences to provide for current residents and outside buyers

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9
Q

How was recreation changed?

A

The main shopping area was refurbished and an arts venue and community centre created

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10
Q

How was business and investment improved?

A

A business park was built to encourage private investment in the area

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11
Q

How has the population changed?

A

It grew by an estimated 3.2% between 1992 and 2002, compared to 0.2% in rest of city

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12
Q

How did unemployment change?

A

Fell from 32% to 6% in 20 years

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13
Q

What aspects of the area have not changed?

A

House prices have alienated locals as gentrification occurs
Unemployment is still high compared to the rest of the city

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14
Q

How much higher than the national average were crime rates?

A

30x

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15
Q

What was the Hulme known as?

A

The most deprived area in Manchester

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16
Q

How has the scheme improved social aspects?

A

People feel safer as they look out for each other and neighbours get on, more privacy

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17
Q

How were the new houses better for the environment?

A

They were more energy efficient and conserved water better so the gas, electricity and water bills are lower

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18
Q

How many jobs were created?

A

53,000

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19
Q

How many new businesses were established?

A

3000

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20
Q

How successful was the project?

A

The local area was improved and the population increased but there are still people in poverty and the locals were priced out of the area

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21
Q

In the 1930s how many people lived there?

A

130,000

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22
Q

What was it like in the 1930s?

A

. Traditional working class area
. Very poor housing, including back to backs

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23
Q

What happened in the 1950s?

A

Slum clearance

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24
Q

What happened in the 1960s?

A

Redeveloped for 12,000 people – deck-access flats and pedestrian segregation

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25
Q

What were the major problems with Hulme?

A

. Infestation
. Poor heating
. Unemployment - 39%

26
Q

What scheme was used for redevelopment?

A

City Challenge Partnership

27
Q

City challenge partnerships

A

. Designed by local authorities to gain funding
. Addresses weaknesses of early regeneration
. More organised
. Equal importance to buildings, people and values

28
Q

What was the focus of the partnership in Hulme?

A

Housing

29
Q

Before redevelopment, how many were claiming benefits?

A

Over 60%

30
Q

What % were residents more likely to be mugged before redevelopment?

A

30%

31
Q

Before redevelopment, how many times more likely were people stressed?

A

3x

32
Q

Before redevelopment, what was the unemployment rate?

A

Nearly 40%

33
Q

Before redevelopment, what was Hulme isolated from?

A

Manchester City centre

34
Q

Before redevelopment, what did the flats suffer from?

A

Pest infestations, poor heating, poor child saftey

35
Q

Before redevelopment, what did the flats symbolise?

A

Symbol of 1960s system built housing failures

36
Q

What was the budget for city challenge in Hulme?

A

£35 mill budget

37
Q

Who did city challenge partner with?

A

. Partnership with AMEC Regeneration
. Hulme Regeneration Limited

38
Q

What did Hulme propose to do?

A

. Redevelop as an ordinary mixed neighbourhood
. Reopen the area to traffic
. Create sites for employment

39
Q

How much money was received in public and private investment?

A

£400 million

40
Q

How much money came from the government as part of the City Challenge Partnership?

A

£34 milion

41
Q

What was done to improve the community?

A

Zion Centre - a flag ship arts and community centre

42
Q

How many new homes were built?

A

2000+

43
Q

What did the development do to the infrastructure?

A

. Deck access flats were demolished
. Construction of the Hulme Arch Bridge
. New road infrastructure
. Birley Fields - new business park
. New parks

44
Q

Hulme achievement

A

. High quality design of housing
. Environmental improvements
. Integration with the rest of the city

45
Q

After redevelopment what was deprivation like?

A

Level of deprivation has improved compared to the rest of the city

46
Q

What did the redevelopment attract?

A

New high tech industries

47
Q

What % of houses are still socially rented?

A

64%

48
Q

How has housing changed through the redevelopment?

A

. Dramatic diversification of housing stock
. New, improved housing whether socially rented or privately etc. proved popular
. Socially rented homes have remained affordable

49
Q

What was the issue with house prices after the redevelopment?

A

Private home prices have risen faster than city average forcing locals out

50
Q

After redevelopment what % do young professionals make up and what is the impact of this?

A

Young proffesionals make up 30% icreasing house price

51
Q

What have not appeared on the expected scale?

A

Small retailers and entertainment services

52
Q

Why has unemployment failed after redevelopment?

A

Still higher than the national average

53
Q

What was housing stock like after city challenge?

A

Dramatic diversification

54
Q

What did new housing association homes remain after redevelopment?

A

Affordable

55
Q

What did the area become after city challenge?

A

More attractive to live in

56
Q

What does competitive bidding in the scheme encourage?

A

New thinking and imaginative ideas

57
Q

What attracted private investors to city challenge?

A

The competitive nature of the building

58
Q

Across city challenge how many houses were improved?

A

40,000

59
Q

Across city challenge how many businesses were established?

A

3,200

60
Q

Why is the bidding process unfair in city challenge?

A

Money was allocated based on the strengeth of the bid

61
Q

What are the issues with city challenge?

A

. Pitched neighbouring areas against each other when they could have worked together
. All successful bids recieved the same sum of money despite the fact some areas were more deprived than others

AQA A-Level Human Geography (58 decks)

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