Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Alyson Nguyen > BIOL G220: Ch. 27 > Flashcards

BIOL G220: Ch. 27 Flashcards

Terms and concepts from Ch. 27: Urinary System

1
Q

urinary system is composed of.. (4)

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functions of urinary system (5)

A 
storage of urine
excretion of urine
regulation of blood volume
regulation of erythrocyte production
regulation of ion balance/acid-base balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

kidneys

A

paired, bean-shaped organs composed of outer cortex and inner medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

kidneys function

A

filters blood and processes filtrate into a tubular fluid, then urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ureters

A

paired thin, fibromuscular tubes composed of inner mucosa, middle muscularis of smooth muscle, and an outer adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ureters function

A

transport urine from kidney to urinary bladder via peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

urinary bladder

A

muscular distensible sac composed of inner mucosa, a submucosa, a muscularis, and an outer adventitia or serosa; the neck of the bladder is the inferior constricted region where bladder and urethra meet; contains internal urethral sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

urinary bladder function

A

reservoir for urine until micturition occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

urethra

A

single muscular tube; 3-5 cm in females; 18-20 cm in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

urethra function

A

transports urine from urinary bladder to outside of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

superior pole of left kidney

A

same level as T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

superior pole of right kidney

A

2 cm lower than left kidney (T12) to accommodate large size of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hilum

A

concave medial border where vessels, nerves, and the ureter connect with the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

renal sinus

A

internal space of kidney continuous with hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tissue layers of kidney (4)

A
  1. fibrous capsule
  2. perinephric fat
  3. renal fascia
  4. paranephric fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fibrous capsule

A

dense irregular CT that covers outer surface of kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

perinephric fat

A

provides cushioning and insulation to the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

renal fascia

A

anchors kidney to posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

paranephric fat

A

outermost layer surrounding the kidney between renal fascia and peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the kidney is divided into an outer __ ___ and an inner __ __

A

renal cortex; renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

renal columns

A

extensions of renal cortex projecting into the renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

renal columands project into the renal medulla and subdivide the medulla into..

A

renal pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a typical kidney contains - renal pyramids

A

8-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

corticomedullary junction

A

region where the wide base of the renal pyramid makes contact with the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
renal papilla
apex of the renal pyramid
26
minor calyx
hollow funnel-shaped structure in which the renal papilla projects into
27
major calyx
formed by the fusion of several minor calyces
28
renal pelvis
fusion of major calyces
29
renal pelvis function
collects total urine output from one kidney and transports it into the ureter
30
renal arteries
blood entering kidneys
31
segmental arteries
branches of renal arteries
32
interlobar arteries
branches of segmental arteries
33
arcuate arteries
branches of interlobar arteries
34
interlobular arteries
branches of arcuate arteries
35
afferent arterioles
small branch extensions of interlobular arteries as they enter the kidney cortex
36
glomerulus
ball of capillaries formed from afferent arterioles within the renal corpuscle
37
some plasma is filtered out of the capillaries into the __ __ within the renal corpuscle
capsular space
38
efferent arteriole
remaining blood exiting the glomerulus and renal corpuscle
39
efferent arterioles branch into one of two capillary networks called (2)
peritubular capillaries | vasa recta
40
peritubular capillaries
surround the convoluted tubules and reside primarily in the cortex
41
vasa reta
associated mainly with the nephron loop and primarily reside in the medulla
42
peritubular capillaries and vasa recta drain into a network of ___
veins
43
interlobular veins
smallest veins
44
arcuate veins
formed from interlobular veins
45
interlobar veins
formed from arcuate veins
46
renal vein
formed from interlobar veins as they merge into the renal sinus
47
renal plexus
mass of sensory and autonomic fibers that innervate the kidney, entering at the hilum
48
pain from kidneys is usually referred to dermatomes..
T10-T12
49
nephron
functional filtration unit of the kidney
50
each nephron consists of (4)
renal corpuscle proximal convoluted tubule nephron loop distal convoluted tubules
51
types of nephrons (2)
1. cortical nephrons | 2. juxtamedullary nephrons
52
cortical nephrons
bout 85% of all nephrons; the bulk of the nephron structures reside in the kdieny cortex
53
juxtamedullary nephrons
renal corpuscle lies near the corticomedullary junction and their long nephron loops extend deep into the medulla
54
three processes in which nephrons form urine
1. filtration 2. tubular reabsorption 3. tubular secretion
55
glomerular filtration
movement of substances from the blood within the glomerulus into the capsular space
56
tubular reabsorption
movement of substances from the tubular fluid back into the blood
57
tubular secretion
movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid
58
glomerulus
thick tangle of fenestrated capillaries
59
glomerular capsule
an epithelial capsule surrounding the glomerulus
60
glomerulus has a ____ where the afferent arteriole enters and the efferent arteriole exits
vascular pole
61
glomerulus has a ______ where the proximal convoluted tubule exits
tubular pole
62
glomerular capsule is composed of 2 layers called..
1. visceral layer | 2. parietal layer
63
visceral layer
directly overlies and comes in contact with the glomerulus; comprised of specialized cells called podocytes
64
parietal layer
formed from a simple squamous epithelium
65
podocytes
have long processes called pedicels that wrap around the glomerular capillaries
66
filtration slits
thin spaces from pedicels separating from each other
67
filtration membrane
composed of filtration slits and the fenestrated capillary wall
68
it is the role of the remainder of the nephron to adjust..
the contents of the urine
69
proximal convoluted tubule
begins at tubular pole of renal corpuscle
70
PCT walls
composed of simple cuboidal epithelium with tall microvilli
71
PCT functions (2)
cells reabsorb almost all nutrients leaked through the filtration membrane; reabsorbed nutrients and water enter the peritubular capillaries and are returned to the general circulation
72
nephron loop AKA
loop of Henle
73
nephron loop projects into the medulla and contains two parts..
descending limb | ascending limb
74
descending limb of nephron loop
extends from the cortex into the medulla
75
ascending limb of nephron loop
returns from medulla into cortex
76
both limbs of nephron loop..
facilitate reabsorption of water and solutes; reabsorbs NA+ and Cl-; secretes some H+ ions
77
distal convoluted tubule
found in renal cortex
78
DCT functions
secretes K+ and H+ from peritubular capillaries into tubular fluids; responds to ADH and aldosterone
79
increasing levels of ADH and aldosterone will..
increase water and sodium reabsorption in the DCT
80
juxtaglomerular apparatus
important in regulation of blood pressure
81
juxtaglomerular apparatus contains two components:
juxtaglomerular cells | macula densa
82
juxtaglomerular cells
modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole located at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle
83
macula densa
group of modified epithelial cells in the distal convoluted tubule that come in contact with the juxtaglomerular
84
urinary tract (3)
ureters urinary bladder urethra
85
ureters originate at the __ ___ as it exits the hilum of the kidney then enter the posterolateral wall of the base of the __ __
renal pelvis; urinary bladder
86
wall of ureter (3)
mucosa muscularis adventitia
87
urinary bladder is located immediately posterior to the __ ___
pubic symphysis
88
in females, the urinary bladder lies anterioinferior to the __ and directly anterior or the ___
uterus; vagina
89
in males, the urinary bladder lies anterior to the __ and superior to the __ ___
rectum; prostate gland
90
trigone
posteroinfeiror triangular area of the urinary bladder
91
urinary bladder is defined by the..
two ureteral openings and the urethral opening
92
urinary bladder tunics (4)
mucosa submucosa muscularis adventitia
93
mucosa of urinary bladder
transitional epithelium that lines the internal surface of the bladder; rugae allow for distension of bladder
94
submucosa of urinary bladder
supports urinary bladder wall
95
muscularis of urinary bladder
three layers of smooth muscle collectively called the detrusor muscle; an internal urethral sphincter muscle is present at the urethral opening
96
adventitia of urinary bladder
outer layer of areolar connective tissue
97
sphincters of urethra that control the release of urine from the urinary bladder into the urethra (2)
1. internal urethral sphincter | 2. external urethral sphincter
98
female urethra function
transport urine out of the body
99
male urethra function
urinary and reproductive functions; serving to transport both urine and semen
100
male urethra segments (3)
1. prostatic urethra 2. membranous urethra 3. spongy urethra
101
urethra ends as an opening called the..
external urethral orifice

Alyson Nguyen (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions