Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alyson Nguyen > BIO G220: Ch. 25 > Flashcards

BIO G220: Ch. 25 Flashcards

Terms and concepts from Ch. 25: Respiratory System

1
Q

anatomic divisions of respiratory system

A

upper and lower respiratory tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functional divisions of respiratory system

A

conducting portion and respiratory portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

main function of respiratory system

A

ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ventilation

A

breathing; inhalation and exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

other respiratory functions (4)

A

gas conditioning
sound production
olfaction
defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

upper respiratory tract divisions (3) also part of the.

A

nose and nasal cavities
paranasal sinuses
pharynx
conducting portion of respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nose

A

main conducting airway for inhaled air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nasal bones

A

supports the nose superiorly and form the bridge of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dorsum nasi

A

fleshy, cartilaginous portion that supports the nose anteroinferiorly from the bridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nasal cavity begins as..

and ends as..

A

the internal component of the nose; openings to the nasopharynx known as choanae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nasal septum

A

divides the nasal cavity into right and left portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

A

form the lateral wall for each cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae function

A

condition the air within the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

paired air spaces that make the bones lighter in weight and are named after the bones in which they reside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

paranasal sinuses (4)

A

frontal
ethmoidal
sphenoidal
maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pharynx

A

region that is shared by the respiratory and digestive tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pharynx divisions (3)

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

nasopharynx functions

A

conducts air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

nasopharynx epithelial lining

A

pseudostratified icliated columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

nasopharynx characteristics (3)

A 
posterior to nasal cavity
pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) on posterior wall
auditory tubes open into lateral walls of nasopharynx to equalize air pressure in middle ear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

oropharynx functions (2)

A

conducts air; serves as a passageway for food and drink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

oropharynx epithelial lining

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

oropharynx characteristics (4)

A

posterior to oral cavity;
paired palatine tonsils on lateral walls between the arches
lingual tonsils on base of tongue (and thus in anterior region or oropharynx)
extends between soft palate and level of hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

opening of the oral cavity into the oropharynx is called

A

fauces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

fauces

A

defined by two pairs of muscular arches on the lateral walls of the fauces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

laryngopharynx functions (2)

A

conducts air; serves as a passageway for food and drink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

laryngopharynx epithelial lining

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

laryngopharynx characteristics

A

extends from level of hyoid bone to beginning of esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

conduction portion of lower respiratory tract (4)

A

larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

respiratory portion of lower respiratory tract (3)

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

larynx anatomic description

A

a somewhat cylindrical airway structure between the pharynx and trachae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

larynx wall support (2)

A

9 pieces of cartilage; supported by ligaments and skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

larynx epithelial lining (2)

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium superior to vocal folds; pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium inferior to vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

larynx functions (4)

A

conducting air prevents ingested material from entering trachea
produces sounds
assists in increasing pressure in abdominal cavity
participates in both a sneeze and cough reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

trachae anatomic description

A

flexible, semirigid tubular organ connecting larynx to main bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

trachea wall support

A

C-shaped cartilage rings keep trachea patent (open)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

trachea epithelial lining

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

trachea function

A

conducts air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

bronchi anatomical description

A

largest airways of bronchial tree consisting of main, lobar, segmental, and smaller bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

bronchi wall support (2)

A

incomplete rings and irregular plates of cartilage; some smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

bronchi epithelial lining (smaller and larger)

A

larger bronchi lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; smaller bronchi lined by simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

bronchi function

A

conducts air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

bronchioles anatomic description (3)

A

smaller conducting airways of bronchial tree; larger bronchioles branch into smaller bronchioles; terminal bronchioles are last part of conducting portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

bronchiole wall support (2)

A

no cartilage; proportionately greater amounts of smooth muscle in walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

bronchioles epithelial lining

A

ranging from simple ciliated columnar epithelium (for larger) to simple cuboidal epithelium (for smaller)

46
Q

bronchioles function (2)

A

conducts air; smooth muscle in walls allow bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

47
Q

respiratory bronchioles anatomic description (2)

A

smallest conducting airways; begin the respiratory portion

48
Q

respiratory bronchioles wall support (2)

A

no cartilage; smooth muscle is scarce in walls

49
Q

respiratory bronchioles epithelial lining

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

50
Q

respiratory bronchioles function

A

gas exchange

51
Q

alveolar ducts anatomic description (2)

A

tiny airways that branch off respiratory bronchioles; multiple alveoli found along walls of alveolar duct

52
Q

alveolar ducts wall support (2)

A

no cartilage; no smooth muscle

53
Q

alveolar ducts epithelial lining

A

simple squamous epithelium

54
Q

alveolar ducts function

A

gas exchange

55
Q

alveoli anatomic description

A

tiny miroscopic air sacs

56
Q

alveoli wall support (2)

A

no cartilage; no smooth muscle

57
Q

alveoli epithelial linng

A

simple squamous epithelium

58
Q

alveoli function

A

gas exchange

59
Q

thyroid cartilage is the __ cartilage

A

largest

60
Q

thyroid has anterior and lateral wall, but no __ wall

A

posterior

61
Q

laryngeal prominence aka

A

v-shape anterior projection on thyroid; adam’s apple

62
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

ring-shaped cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage

63
Q

epiglottis

A

spoon-shaped cartilage the projects superiorly into pharynx

64
Q

swallowing causes the epiglottis to close the opening to the..

A

larynx

65
Q

paired cartilages in larynx responsible for sound production (3)

A

arytenoid cartilages
corniculate cartilages
cuneiform cartilages

66
Q

__ ___ are found in the larynx and are comprised of ___ covered by a mucous membrane

A

vocal folds; vocal ligaments

67
Q

the opening between the vocal folds is the

A

rima glottidis

68
Q

glottis

A

vocal folds + rima glottidis

69
Q

when air is forced through the rima glottidis, it causes vibration of the ___ ___, which results in the production of ___

A

vocal folds; sound

70
Q

trachea is aka

A

windpipe

71
Q

trachea is supported by C-shaped __ ___ connected by __ ___

A

tracheal cartilages; annular ligaments

72
Q

trachealis muscle

A

connects the end of the tracheal cartilages posteriorly

73
Q

trachea mucosa is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium and..

A

mucin-secreting goblet cells

74
Q

bronchial tree

A

highly branched system of air-conducting passages that originate from the main bronchi and progres through narrower tubes before ending in terminal bronchioles

75
Q

trachea brances into left and right

A

main bronchi

76
Q

each main bronchus divides into

A

lobar bronchi

77
Q

lobar bronchi further divide into

A

segmental bronchi

78
Q

as branching continues, the following are observed (4):

A
  1. incomplete rings of cartilage become smaller and less numerous
  2. all bronchi are lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  3. bronchi branch into bronchioles, which lack rings of cartilage and are lined not with pseudostratified columnar epithelium, but simple columnar or simple squamous epithelium
79
Q

bronchioles

A

less than 1 mm in diameter; smaller and smaller tubules of bronchi

80
Q

bronchiole walls are composed of relatively ___ layer of smooth muscle

A

thick

81
Q

bronchoconstriction/

bronchodilation

A

contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle of bronchioles, respectively

82
Q

terminal bronchioles

A

last portions of the conduction part of the respiratory system

83
Q

terminal bronchioles branch into…

A

respiratory bronchioles

84
Q

respiratory bronchioles branch into..

A

alveolar ducts

85
Q

The thin wall of the alveolus is the structure where respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon)…

A

diffuse between the blood and the air in the lungs

86
Q

the alveolar wall is formed from _ types of cells

A

2

87
Q

alveolar type I cells

A

simple squamous epithelial cells promote rapid diffusion of gases

88
Q

alveolar type II cells

A

almost cuboidal in shape and product pulmonary surfactant

89
Q

pulmonary surfactant

A

decreases surface tension within the alveolus and prevents the collapse of alveoli

90
Q

alveolar macrophages (dust, cells)

A

may be fixed or free; engulf any microorganism or particulate matter that makes its way into the alveolus

91
Q

respiratory membrane

A

diffusion barrier across which respiratory gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the alveoli

92
Q

respiratory membranes components (3)

A
  1. plasma membrane of the type I alveolar cell
  2. plasma membrane of the capillary cell
  3. fused basement membrane of both cells
93
Q

the lungs are located in __ ___ on the lateral sides of the thorax, separated by the mediastinum

A

pleural cavities

94
Q

pleura

A

lines the pleural cavities and the outer surface of the lung

95
Q

visceral pleura

A

tightly adheres to the outside of the lung

96
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines the pleural cavity itself

97
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the two membranes that are continuous with each other

98
Q

each lung is conical in shape, has a ____ inferiorly that rests on the diaphragm, and an ___ that is superior most portion of the lung

A

base; apex

99
Q

the __ ___ comes in contact with the ribs and the slightly concave __ ___ faces medially toward the mediastinum

A

costal surface; mediastinal surface

100
Q

hilum

A

concave region housed by the mediastinal surface

101
Q

what passes through the hilum?

A

bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves

102
Q

all structures within the hilum are term the __ of the lung

A

root

103
Q

the left lung is slightly ___ than right lung because the heart projects slightly to the left of midline

A

smaller

104
Q

cardiac impression

A

medial surface indentation in left lung made by the heart

105
Q

cardiac notch

A

anterior indented region in left lung

106
Q

oblique fissure of left lung

A

dices the superior and inferior lobes of the left lung

107
Q

lingula

A

region in left lung

108
Q

fissures that divide the right lung

A

oblique and horizontal fissures

109
Q

lobes of right lung

A

superior, middle, inferior

110
Q

there are ___ bronchopulmonary segments in the right lung and - in the left lung

A

10; 8-10

111
Q

each bronchopulmonary segment is supplied by its own __ bronchus and a branch of the pulmonary artery and vein

A

tertiary

112
Q

each bronchopulmonary segment is surrounded by and isolated from..

A

other segments by connective tissue

Alyson Nguyen (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions