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Alyson Nguyen > BIOL 220: Ch. 9 > Flashcards

BIOL 220: Ch. 9 Flashcards

Terms and Concepts from Chapter 9: Articulations

1
Q

articulation (joint)

A

place where a bone meets another bone, cartilage, or teeth

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2
Q

articulations vary in ____ and ____ and are classified into categories based on these qualities

A

stability and mobility

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3
Q

more mobility in an articulation means _____ and vice versa

A

less stability

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4
Q

classification of joints by structure

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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5
Q

fibrous joint

A

bones held together by dense regular connective tissue

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6
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

bones joined by cartilage

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7
Q

synovial

A

bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity

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8
Q

classification of joints by function

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

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9
Q

fibrous joint types

A

gomphoses
sutures
sydesmoses

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10
Q

gomphoses and function

A

joints between teeth and maxilia and mandible; synarthroses

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11
Q

sutures and function

A

joints between skull bones; synarthroses

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12
Q

syndesmoses and function

A

joints between parallel bones in the forearm and leg (radius and ulna, tibia and fibula); ampiarthroses

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13
Q

cartilaginous joint types

A

synchondroses

sympheses

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14
Q

synchondroses and function

A

bones joined by hyaline cartilage; synarthroses

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15
Q

symphyses and function

A

bones joined by pad of fibrocartilage; amphiarthroses

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16
Q

synovial joint function

A

diarthroses

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17
Q

general anatomy of synovial joints (6)

A 
articular capsule
joint cavity
synovial fluid
articular cartilage
ligaments
nerves and blood vessels
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18
Q

articular capsule (synovial joints) layers

A
  • outer fibrous layer

- inner synovial membrane

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19
Q

outer fibrous layer of articular capsule

A

dense regular CT, strengthens joint

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20
Q

inner synovial membrane of articular capsule

A

secretes synovial fluid

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21
Q

articular cartilage (synovial joint)

A

articular surfaces in synovial joints are covered by hyaline cartilage; reduces friction and acts as shock absorber

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22
Q

joint cavity (synovial joints)

A

space between articulating bones; contains small amount of synovial fluid

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23
Q

synovial fluid functions

A

lubricates and nourishes articular cartilages
nourishes chondrocytes of articular cartilage
absorbs shock during compression of the joint

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24
Q

ligaments (synovial joints)

A

connect bone to bone; dense regular connective tissue; strengthen and reinforce capsule

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25
sensory nerves (synovial joints)
detect pain and amount of stretch in a joint
26
blood vessels (synovial joints)
nourish tissues in the joint
27
accessory structures surrounding synovial joints function to..
reduce friction and fill spaces
28
accessory structures surrounding synovial joints (3)
bursae tendon sheaths fat pads
29
bursae
sacs outside most synovial joints where ligaments, muscles, tendons, and/or bones rub; contain synovial fluid
30
tendon sheaths
elongated bursae around tendons, particularly in confined areas (Wrist and ankle) where tendons rubs each other
31
fat pads
packing material; also provide some protection
32
types of synovial joints (movement)
uniaxial biaxial multiaxial
33
uniaxial
joint moves in one place or axis
34
biaxial
joints moves in two places or aces
35
multiaxial
joint moves in three places or axes
36
types of synovial joints are classified by ______ of articulating surfaces and amount of ____ allowed
shapes; movement
37
types of synovial joint motion (4)
1. gliding motion 2. angular motion 3. rotational motion 4. special movements
38
gliding motion
articular surfacs gliding back-and-forth or side-to-side; angle between bones does not change (i.e. plane joints usually)
39
angular motion
increases or decreases the angle between bones
40
types of angular motion (7)
``` flexion extension hyperextension lateral flexion abduction adduction circumduction ```
41
flexion
a/p movement to decrease angle
42
extension
a/p movement to increase angle
43
hyperextension
extension beyond 180 degrees
44
lateral flexion
flexion in coronal plane (bending spine in coronal plane)
45
abduction
motion away from midline
46
adduction
motion toward midline
47
circumduction
circular movement of limb
48
rotational motion
a bone turns on its longitudinal axis (i.e. turning back and forth in 'no' gesture)
49
types of rotational motion (4)
lateral rotation medial rotation/ pronation supination
50
lateral/medial rotation
limbs turning to and from median
51
pronation
i.e. rotating palm towards posterior
52
supination
i.e. rotating palm towards anterior
53
special movements
occur only at specific joints
54
special movement types (9)
``` depression elevation dorsiflexion plantar flexion inversion eversion protraction retraction opposition ```
55
depression example
loosening the shoulders (opposite of shrug)
56
elevation example
shrugging
57
dorsiflexion example
flexing the foot towards the posterior
58
plantar flexion exmaple
flexing the foot towards the anterior
59
inversion example
turning the sole of the foot towards the medial
60
eversion example
turning the sole of the foots towards the lateral
61
protraction example
moving the head and jaw forward
62
retraction example
moving the head and jaw backward
63
opposition
holding the pinky and thumb together
64
selected articulations of axial skeleton (2)
temporomandibular joint | intervertebral articulations
65
temporomandibular joint
diarthrotic hinge joint between mandibular condyle and temporalbone
66
temporomandibular disc feature
articular disc
67
temporomandibular ligaments (3)
sphenomandibular stylomandibular temporomandibular (lateral)
68
sphenomandibular
connected to sphenoid and mandible
69
stylomandibular
connected to temporal bone (styloid process) and mandible
70
temporomandibular
connection between temporal and mandible
71
intervertebral articulation
ampiharthroses between vertebral bodies; diarthroses between articular processes
72
vertebral bodies are separated by ....
intervertebral discs
73
intervertebral discs contain and outer ____ and inner ____
- anulus fibrosus | - nucleus pulposus
74
intervertebral articulation ligaments (~5)
``` anterior and posterior longitudinal interspinous supraspinous ligamentum nuchae lilgamentum flavum ```
75
joints of pectoral girdle and upper limbs (5)
``` sternoclavicular joint acromioclavicular joint glenohumeral (shoulder) joint elbow joint radiocarpal (wrist) joint ```
76
sternoclavicular joint
diarthrotic saddle joint between manubrium of sternum and sternal end of the clavicle
77
sternoclavicular joint ligaments (~4)
atnerior and posterior sternoclavicular costoclavicular interclavicular
78
acromioclavicular joint
diarthrosis between acromial end of clvicle and acromion of scapula
79
ligaments of acromioclavicular joint
acromioclavicular | coracoclavicular
80
glenohumeral joint
diarthrotic ball-and-socket joint between the head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
81
glenohumeral joint features (4)
fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum ligaments rotator cuff muscles bursae
82
glenohumeral ligaments
coraoacromial coracohumeral glenohumeral transverse humeral
83
glenohumeral bursae (4)
subacromial subcoracoid subdeltoid subscapular
84
elbow joint
diarthrotic hinge composed of humeroulnar and humeroradial joints
85
elbow joint ligaments
radial collateral ulnar collateral anular
86
radiocarpal (wrist) joint
diarthrotic condylar joint between the distal articular surface of radius and three proximal carpal bones
87
three proximal carpal bones of radiocarpal joint
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
88
joints of pelvic girdle and lower limbs (4)
hip (coxal) joint knee joint talocrural (ankle) joint joints of the foot
89
hip (coxal) joint
diarthrotic ball-and-socket joint between head of femur and acetabulum of os coxae
90
coxal joint features
articular capsule with retinacular fibers | ligaments
91
coxal joint ligaments (4)
iliofemoral ischiofemoral pubofemoral ligament of head of femur
92
knee joint
diarthrotic hinge joint between the femur, tibia, and patella largest and most complex joint in body
93
features of knee joint
medial and lateral menisci | ligaments
94
knee joint ligaments
patellar fibular collateral tibial collateral anterior and posterior cruciate (ACL and PCL )
95
talocrural (ankle) joint
diarthrotic hinge joint composed of two articulations between distal end of tibia and talus and between distal end of fibula and the lateral aspect of the talus
96
talocrural ligaments (~4)
deltoid lateral anterior and posterior tibiofibular
97
joints of the foot and function (4)
``` diarthroses; intertarsal tarsometatarsa metatarsophalangeal (MP) interphalangeal (IP) ```
98
intertarsal
plane joint between tarsals
99
tarsometatarsal
plant joint between distal tarsal bones and metatrsal
100
metatarsophalangeal (MP)
condylar joint between metatarsal and proximal phalanges
101
interphalangeal (IP)
hinge joint between phalanges

Alyson Nguyen (41 decks)

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