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Alyson Nguyen > BIOL 220: Ch. 9 > Flashcards

BIOL 220: Ch. 9 Flashcards

Terms and Concepts from Chapter 9: Articulations

1
Q

articulation (joint)

A

place where a bone meets another bone, cartilage, or teeth

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2
Q

articulations vary in ____ and ____ and are classified into categories based on these qualities

A

stability and mobility

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3
Q

more mobility in an articulation means _____ and vice versa

A

less stability

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4
Q

classification of joints by structure

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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5
Q

fibrous joint

A

bones held together by dense regular connective tissue

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6
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

bones joined by cartilage

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7
Q

synovial

A

bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity

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8
Q

classification of joints by function

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

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9
Q

fibrous joint types

A

gomphoses
sutures
sydesmoses

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10
Q

gomphoses and function

A

joints between teeth and maxilia and mandible; synarthroses

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11
Q

sutures and function

A

joints between skull bones; synarthroses

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12
Q

syndesmoses and function

A

joints between parallel bones in the forearm and leg (radius and ulna, tibia and fibula); ampiarthroses

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13
Q

cartilaginous joint types

A

synchondroses

sympheses

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14
Q

synchondroses and function

A

bones joined by hyaline cartilage; synarthroses

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15
Q

symphyses and function

A

bones joined by pad of fibrocartilage; amphiarthroses

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16
Q

synovial joint function

A

diarthroses

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17
Q

general anatomy of synovial joints (6)

A 
articular capsule
joint cavity
synovial fluid
articular cartilage
ligaments
nerves and blood vessels
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18
Q

articular capsule (synovial joints) layers

A
  • outer fibrous layer

- inner synovial membrane

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19
Q

outer fibrous layer of articular capsule

A

dense regular CT, strengthens joint

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20
Q

inner synovial membrane of articular capsule

A

secretes synovial fluid

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21
Q

articular cartilage (synovial joint)

A

articular surfaces in synovial joints are covered by hyaline cartilage; reduces friction and acts as shock absorber

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22
Q

joint cavity (synovial joints)

A

space between articulating bones; contains small amount of synovial fluid

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23
Q

synovial fluid functions

A

lubricates and nourishes articular cartilages
nourishes chondrocytes of articular cartilage
absorbs shock during compression of the joint

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24
Q

ligaments (synovial joints)

A

connect bone to bone; dense regular connective tissue; strengthen and reinforce capsule

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25
Q

sensory nerves (synovial joints)

A

detect pain and amount of stretch in a joint

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26
Q

blood vessels (synovial joints)

A

nourish tissues in the joint

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27
Q

accessory structures surrounding synovial joints function to..

A

reduce friction and fill spaces

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28
Q

accessory structures surrounding synovial joints (3)

A

bursae
tendon sheaths
fat pads

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29
Q

bursae

A

sacs outside most synovial joints where ligaments, muscles, tendons, and/or bones rub; contain synovial fluid

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30
Q

tendon sheaths

A

elongated bursae around tendons, particularly in confined areas (Wrist and ankle) where tendons rubs each other

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31
Q

fat pads

A

packing material; also provide some protection

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32
Q

types of synovial joints (movement)

A

uniaxial
biaxial
multiaxial

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33
Q

uniaxial

A

joint moves in one place or axis

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34
Q

biaxial

A

joints moves in two places or aces

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35
Q

multiaxial

A

joint moves in three places or axes

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36
Q

types of synovial joints are classified by ______ of articulating surfaces and amount of ____ allowed

A

shapes; movement

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37
Q

types of synovial joint motion (4)

A
  1. gliding motion
  2. angular motion
  3. rotational motion
  4. special movements
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38
Q

gliding motion

A

articular surfacs gliding back-and-forth or side-to-side; angle between bones does not change (i.e. plane joints usually)

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39
Q

angular motion

A

increases or decreases the angle between bones

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40
Q

types of angular motion (7)

A 
flexion
extension
hyperextension
lateral flexion
abduction
adduction
circumduction
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41
Q

flexion

A

a/p movement to decrease angle

42
Q

extension

A

a/p movement to increase angle

43
Q

hyperextension

A

extension beyond 180 degrees

44
Q

lateral flexion

A

flexion in coronal plane (bending spine in coronal plane)

45
Q

abduction

A

motion away from midline

46
Q

adduction

A

motion toward midline

47
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of limb

48
Q

rotational motion

A

a bone turns on its longitudinal axis (i.e. turning back and forth in ‘no’ gesture)

49
Q

types of rotational motion (4)

A

lateral rotation
medial rotation/
pronation
supination

50
Q

lateral/medial rotation

A

limbs turning to and from median

51
Q

pronation

A

i.e. rotating palm towards posterior

52
Q

supination

A

i.e. rotating palm towards anterior

53
Q

special movements

A

occur only at specific joints

54
Q

special movement types (9)

A 
depression
elevation
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
inversion
eversion
protraction
retraction
opposition
55
Q

depression example

A

loosening the shoulders (opposite of shrug)

56
Q

elevation example

57
Q

dorsiflexion example

A

flexing the foot towards the posterior

58
Q

plantar flexion exmaple

A

flexing the foot towards the anterior

59
Q

inversion example

A

turning the sole of the foot towards the medial

60
Q

eversion example

A

turning the sole of the foots towards the lateral

61
Q

protraction example

A

moving the head and jaw forward

62
Q

retraction example

A

moving the head and jaw backward

63
Q

opposition

A

holding the pinky and thumb together

64
Q

selected articulations of axial skeleton (2)

A

temporomandibular joint

intervertebral articulations

65
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

diarthrotic hinge joint between mandibular condyle and temporalbone

66
Q

temporomandibular disc feature

A

articular disc

67
Q

temporomandibular ligaments (3)

A

sphenomandibular
stylomandibular
temporomandibular (lateral)

68
Q

sphenomandibular

A

connected to sphenoid and mandible

69
Q

stylomandibular

A

connected to temporal bone (styloid process) and mandible

70
Q

temporomandibular

A

connection between temporal and mandible

71
Q

intervertebral articulation

A

ampiharthroses between vertebral bodies; diarthroses between articular processes

72
Q

vertebral bodies are separated by ….

A

intervertebral discs

73
Q

intervertebral discs contain and outer ____ and inner ____

A
  • anulus fibrosus

- nucleus pulposus

74
Q

intervertebral articulation ligaments (~5)

A 
anterior and posterior longitudinal 
interspinous 
supraspinous 
ligamentum nuchae
lilgamentum flavum
75
Q

joints of pectoral girdle and upper limbs (5)

A 
sternoclavicular joint 
acromioclavicular joint 
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint 
elbow joint 
radiocarpal (wrist) joint
76
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A

diarthrotic saddle joint between manubrium of sternum and sternal end of the clavicle

77
Q

sternoclavicular joint ligaments (~4)

A

atnerior and posterior sternoclavicular
costoclavicular
interclavicular

78
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

diarthrosis between acromial end of clvicle and acromion of scapula

79
Q

ligaments of acromioclavicular joint

A

acromioclavicular

coracoclavicular

80
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

diarthrotic ball-and-socket joint between the head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

81
Q

glenohumeral joint features (4)

A

fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum
ligaments
rotator cuff muscles
bursae

82
Q

glenohumeral ligaments

A

coraoacromial
coracohumeral
glenohumeral
transverse humeral

83
Q

glenohumeral bursae (4)

A

subacromial
subcoracoid
subdeltoid
subscapular

84
Q

elbow joint

A

diarthrotic hinge composed of humeroulnar and humeroradial joints

85
Q

elbow joint ligaments

A

radial collateral
ulnar collateral
anular

86
Q

radiocarpal (wrist) joint

A

diarthrotic condylar joint between the distal articular surface of radius and three proximal carpal bones

87
Q

three proximal carpal bones of radiocarpal joint

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

88
Q

joints of pelvic girdle and lower limbs (4)

A

hip (coxal) joint
knee joint
talocrural (ankle) joint
joints of the foot

89
Q

hip (coxal) joint

A

diarthrotic ball-and-socket joint between head of femur and acetabulum of os coxae

90
Q

coxal joint features

A

articular capsule with retinacular fibers

ligaments

91
Q

coxal joint ligaments (4)

A

iliofemoral
ischiofemoral
pubofemoral
ligament of head of femur

92
Q

knee joint

A

diarthrotic hinge joint between the femur, tibia, and patella
largest and most complex joint in body

93
Q

features of knee joint

A

medial and lateral menisci

ligaments

94
Q

knee joint ligaments

A

patellar
fibular collateral
tibial collateral
anterior and posterior cruciate (ACL and PCL )

95
Q

talocrural (ankle) joint

A

diarthrotic hinge joint composed of two articulations between distal end of tibia and talus and between distal end of fibula and the lateral aspect of the talus

96
Q

talocrural ligaments (~4)

A

deltoid
lateral
anterior and posterior tibiofibular

97
Q

joints of the foot and function (4)

A 
diarthroses;
intertarsal
tarsometatarsa
metatarsophalangeal (MP) 
interphalangeal (IP)
98
Q

intertarsal

A

plane joint between tarsals

99
Q

tarsometatarsal

A

plant joint between distal tarsal bones and metatrsal

100
Q

metatarsophalangeal (MP)

A

condylar joint between metatarsal and proximal phalanges

101
Q

interphalangeal (IP)

A

hinge joint between phalanges

Alyson Nguyen (41 decks)

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