asthma

Question 1

Therapeutic use Salbutamol (short-acting)

Answer 1

reliever during acute asthma attacks

Question 2

Mechanism of action Salbutamol (short-acting)

Answer 2

mast cell membrane stabilisation and direct bronchodilation are a result of the stimulation ofB2 receptors on smooth muscles in the airways

Question 3

Adverse effects Salbutamol (short-acting)

Answer 3

skeletal muscle tremor
irritability
anxiety

Question 4

Contraindications Salbutamol (short-acting)

Answer 4

hyperthyroidism

hypertension

Question 5

Drug interaction Salbutamol (short-acting)

Answer 5

corticosteroids

Question 6

Therapeutic use Salmeterol (long-acting)

Answer 6

symptom controller in exercise induced asthma

Question 7

Mechanism of action Salmeterol (long-acting)

Answer 7

activation of B2-receptors leading to bronchodilation

Question 8

Adverse effects Salmeterol (long-acting)

Answer 8

headache
tachycardia
restlessness

Question 9

Contraindications Salmeterol (long-acting)

Answer 9

deteriorating COPD

acute bronchospasm

Question 10

Drug interaction Salmeterol (long-acting)

Answer 10

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Question 11

Therapeutic use Theophylline

Answer 11

asthma (bronchodilator)

Question 12

Mechanism of action Theophylline

Answer 12

the blocking of phosphodiesterase causes a raise in intracellular levels of cAMP and this leads to smooth muscle relaxation.

Question 13

Adverse effects Theophylline

Answer 13

nervousness
nausea
anxiety

Question 14

Contraindications Theophylline

Answer 14

liver impairment

children under 2 years of age

Question 15

Drug interaction Theophylline

Answer 15

macrolide antibiotics

Question 16

Therapeutic use Ipratropium

Answer 16

chronic asthma

Question 17

Mechanism of action Ipratropium

Answer 17

blocking the cholinergic bronchomotor tone causes bronchodilation.
bronchoconstriction is prevented due to inhibition of vagal reflexes.

Question 18

Adverse effects Ipratropium

Answer 18

dizziness
nausea
throat irritation

Question 19

Contraindications Ipratropium

Answer 19

constipation

atropine sensitivity

Question 20

Drug interaction Ipratropium

Answer 20

amantadine

Question 21

Therapeutic use Sodium cromoglycate

Answer 21

chronic asthma in children

Question 22

Mechanism of action Sodium cromoglycate

Answer 22

inhibition of chloride channels causing a stabilisation of eosinophils and mast cells that have been sensitised.
therefore, altering the membranes’ electrical gradient, which blocks the inflow of calcium ions.
Hence the inhibition of bronchconstriction mediators by sodium cromoglicate and the blockage of parasympathetic reflexes in the smooth muscle tissue of the airways.

Question 23

Adverse effects Sodium cromoglycate

Answer 23

respiratory tract infection
dry mouth
unpleasant taste

Question 24

Contraindications Sodium cromoglycate

Answer 24

acute asthma attack

acute bronchospasm

Question 25

Drug interaction Sodium cromoglycate

Answer 25

-

Question 26

Therapeutic use Zafirlukast

Answer 26

asthma

Question 27

Mechanism of action Zafirlukast

Answer 27

leukotriene receptor antagonist

Question 28

Adverse effects Zafirlukast

Answer 28

fever
insomnia
rashes

Question 29

Contraindications Zafirlukast

Answer 29

acute asthma attacks

cirrhosis

Question 30

Drug interaction Zafirlukast

Answer 30

Warfarin