AP Gov Quiz 1

Question 1

Democracy

Answer 1

A government run by citizens, associated with capitalism

Question 2

Socialism

Answer 2

Advocates for public or government control, whether directly or through regulation, over the means of production.

Question 3

Oligarchy

Answer 3

A small class of
political and economic elites control the government

Question 4

What is the U.S.’s form of government?

Answer 4

Representative democracy with capitalist economic system

Question 5

Private business sell

Answer 5

Private goods for profit

Question 6

Public services are

Answer 6

Cannot be produced in sufficient quantities or for a profit; the
government provides these public goods. (education, health services)

Question 7

Common Goods

Answer 7

Governments protects water and other natural resources that are used by individuals but must be protected for the benefit of all.

Question 8

Representative vs Direct democracy

Answer 8

Representative: Elected officials vote on decisions

Direct: Citizens themselves vote on decisions

Question 9

Monarchy

Answer 9

A single, usually hereditary,
ruler holds political power

Question 10

Totalitarian

Answer 10

Controlled by a single leader or small group of elites, controls virtually every aspect of citizens’ lives.

Question 11

Elite theory

Answer 11

Belief that a small group of elites controls power while other citizens have little or no influence.

Question 12

Pluralist theory

Answer 12

Belief that competing interest groups influence the government
and hold political power

Question 13

Tradeoffs perspective

Answer 13

Acknowledges that
competing interests, whether elitist or pluralist, compete
for government influence.

Question 14

One of the most
influential thinkers of the Enlightenment

Answer 14

John Locke

Question 15

U.S. Constitution was created in

Answer 15

September, 1787

Question 16

Natural rights

Answer 16

Granted by
God, including the right to life, liberty, and property

Question 17

Locke’s idea of natural rights came from

Answer 17

the Magna Carta

Question 18

Declaration of Independence was signed on

Answer 18

July 4th 1776

Question 19

Declaration of Independence establishs protection to

Answer 19

Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness

Question 20

What went wrong with the Articles of Confederation?

Answer 20

• lacked the power of
  taxation; the national government had to acquire funds from the states. The states failed to effectively comply
• The national government was prohibited from
  raising a standing army or navy.
• The national currency was worthless and rarely used
• Prohibited imposing tariffs

Question 21

The Virginia Plan

Answer 21

Representation in a
bicameral national legislature with the number of representatives from each states based on population.

(POPULATION)

Question 22

The New Jersey Plan

Answer 22

Unicameral
national legislature with an equal number of representatives from each state.

(EQUAL NUMBERS)

Question 23

The Great Compromise called for a bicameral legislature in which:

Answer 23

Number of members in House of Representatives is population based

Senate has equal members for all states (2)

TERM:
- Members of the House would be elected to two-year terms by
popular vote of eligible voters in each state, and

• State legislatures would elect members to the Senate for six-year terms.

Question 24

The Legislative branch

Answer 24

Has the power to make laws

Question 25

The Executive branch

Answer 25

Is charged with enforcing laws.

Question 26

The Judicial branch

Answer 26

Tries cases arising under federal laws and other instances defined in Article III.

Question 27

Judicial Review

Answer 27

The federal judiciary serves as a check on actions of both the legislative and executive branches

Question 28

The Supremacy Clause

Answer 28

the U.S. Constitution, federal laws, and treaties made by the United States are the “supreme Law of the Land.” Federal law, therefore, supercedes any state law or action that conflicts with the U.S. Constitution, a federal law, or a U.S. treaty.

Question 29

The terms of the Constitution stated that the Constitution cannot be enforced until

Answer 29

Nine out of the thirteen states had ratified it.

Question 29

Delegates to the ratification conventions, government officials, and citizens split into two camps.

Answer 29

Antifederalist and Federalist

Question 30

Antifederalist

Answer 30

Opposed ratification

Question 31

Federalist

Answer 31

Favored Ratification

Question 32

Federalist Papers

Answer 32

Prominent Federalists Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison pseudonymously published a series of essays in support of the Constitution and federalism

Question 33

The Constitution came into effect on ______ due to ______

Answer 33

March 4, 1789. New Hampshire being the 9th approved state, but Virginia and New York approving by population

Question 34

The Constitution now has

Answer 34

27 amendments

Question 35

Article V of the U.S. Constitution provides

Answer 35

The proposal of amendments.

Question 36

How to propose an amendment

Answer 36

Congress proposes with two-thirds approval by the senate and house OR The states may call for a national convention, which must be held after approval by two-thirds of state legislatures

Question 37

Proposed amendments may be ratified by

Answer 37

3/4 approval by state legislatures or state ratifying conventions Congress chooses which

Question 38

Federalism

Answer 38

Different levels of government act relatively autonomously and have the power to act directly on people within their jurisdictions.

Question 39

Unitary systems

Answer 39

Subnational governments depend heavily on the national government, which holds virtually all power except those powers granted to subnational governments by the central government.

Question 40

Confederate systems

Answer 40

Most power is decentralized and possessed by the subnational governments, the central government’s power relies on the consent of the subnational governments.

Question 41

The enumerated powers of Congress include the right to:

Answer 41

- collect taxes and duties - borrow money - coin money - establish national courts inferior to the Supreme Court - regulate interstate and foreign commerce - raise and support armed forces - declare war

Question 42

Necessary and Proper Clause

Answer 42

Congress also has the power “to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States.”

Question 43

Reserved powers

Answer 43

All powers not prohibited to the states by the Constitution or delegated to the national government.

Question 44

States cannot

Answer 44

- enter into treaties with foreign governments - coin money - levy taxes on imports or exports - suspend the writ of habeas corpus, passing bills of attainder, or passing ex post facto laws

Question 45

State and local governments raise revenue through

Answer 45

- various taxes, including income taxes, property taxes, and sales taxes. State governments raise about half of their revenue through these various taxes. State governments receive about 30 percent of their revenue from federal grants, while local governments receive over one-third of their revenue from federal and state grants.

Question 46

Dual federalism

Answer 46

The national government and state governments act with distinct areas of jurisdiction.

Question 47

Cooperative federalism

Answer 47

The federal government expanded its power in several areas.

Question 48

New federalism

Answer 48

Decentralizing national power, increasing revenue sharing with state and local governments, and giving greater discretion to state and local governments over spending federal grants.

Question 49

Pros of federalism

Answer 49

- Encourages innovative approaches to social and economic policy. - The citizens of one state may choose to pursue a certain policy, which may later serve as a model for other states or the national government to follow. - States have led the way on numerous issues, including granting women the right to vote, promoting environmental protection, and improving health insurance.

Question 50

Cons of federalism

Answer 50

Disparities in education, environmental protection, income, and healthcare.

Question 51

Social Contract

Answer 51

The sacrifice of some natural rights in order to participate in a government

Question 52

Explain Federalist Paper #10

Answer 52

- Written by James Maddison - addresses the issue of factionalism and the dangers it poses to a democratic government. -A large republic with a system of representative democracy can mitigate the adverse effects of factions, such as political parties and interest groups, by diluting their influence and promoting the common good.

Question 53

Explain Federalist Paper #51

Answer 53

- Written by James Maddison -Explains the importance of the separation of powers and checks and balances in the structure of the U.S. government. - These principles are essential for preventing the concentration of power in one branch of government and for safeguarding individual liberties.

Question 54

Explain Federalist Paper #78

Answer 54

- Written by Alexander Hamilton - Discusses the role and importance of the judiciary in the federal system - The independence of the judiciary and its power of judicial review, emphasizing that it serves as a crucial check on the actions of the legislative and executive branches, ensuring the Constitution's supremacy and protecting individual rights.