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Clinical Pathology > Alim 3: Large Animal > Flashcards

Alim 3: Large Animal Flashcards

1
Q

Does GLDH or ALT change more in horses?

A

GLDH

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2
Q

What are some infectious causes of cholangiohepatitis?

A

Salmonella, Pseudomonas, E Coli

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3
Q

Which values change in cholangiohepatitis?

A

Higher ALP and GGT than GLDH

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4
Q

Which value can increase in chronic cholangiohepatitis?

A

Globulins

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5
Q

Which values increase in parasites?

A

GGT and GLDH

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6
Q

What is ALT like in liver disease?

A

Mildly elevated (don’t use)

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7
Q

Which kind of hepatocellular injury does GLDH measure?

A

Slightly less acute

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8
Q

How long does AST stay high post-insult?

A

1-2 weeks

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9
Q

What is the problem with AST?

A

Not specific

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10
Q

In which species is ALP a better marker of cholestasis?

A

Cattle

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11
Q

In which condition other than cholestasis is ALP also high?

A

GI disease

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12
Q

Where is ALP produced?

A

Intestinal, bone growth, placental isoenzyme

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13
Q

What is ALP half-life like?

A

Short

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14
Q

What did ALP use to be used to monitor?

A

Colic

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15
Q

What is a better marker of liver disease/cholestasis than ALP?

A

GGT

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16
Q

For how long is GGT high in foals?

A

Until 2-4 weeks old

17
Q

What is a good marker of colostrum transfer in foals?

A

GGT

18
Q

How is bilirubin found in horses?

A

Mostly unconjugated, even in cholestatic disease

19
Q

What are bilirubin increases like in horses compared to cows?

A

Higher

20
Q

Why aren’t bile acids useful in cows?

A

Wide variation

21
Q

How does EMS affect liver enzymes?

A

Increases

22
Q

What must you differentiate EMS from?

A

PPID

23
Q

What can you measure to differentiate EMS from PPID?

A

Endogenous ACTH and serum adiponectin

24
Q

What is PO4 like in renal disease?

A

Lost

25
Q

What are Na and Cl like in CKD?

A

Low

26
Q

How do you test for tubular damage?

A

Measure fractional excretion of sodium

27
Q

What can cause upper GI stasis in cattle?

A

Renal disease

28
Q

Why is creatinine a better measure of azotaemia in cattle?

A

Urea only reflects dietary protein

29
Q

Why does low Na and Cl cause secretory diarrhoea?

A

Pump reversal

30
Q

When can protein loss into the gut be masked?

A

If dehydrated

31
Q

Which value increases during diarrhoea in horses?

A

ALP

32
Q

Which neutrophil shift reflects toxaemia?

A

Left shift

33
Q

Which conditions commonly cause toxaemia?

A

Acute Salmonellosis, intestinal strangulation

34
Q

What other value in increased in toxaemia?

A

FIbrinogen

35
Q

When do you get chronic hypoMg in dairy cows?

A

Heavily fertilised forage (as rapid growth = low Mg uptake)

36
Q

What can hypoMg cause?

A

HypoCa

37
Q

How does pancreas disease present in horses?

A

Like colic

38
Q

How can you diagnose pancreas disease in horses?

A

Lipase high in abdominal fluid

39
Q

How often do cattle get pancreas disease?

A

Almost never

Clinical Pathology (30 decks)

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