Alim 3: Large Animal Flashcards
Does GLDH or ALT change more in horses?
GLDH
What are some infectious causes of cholangiohepatitis?
Salmonella, Pseudomonas, E Coli
Which values change in cholangiohepatitis?
Higher ALP and GGT than GLDH
Which value can increase in chronic cholangiohepatitis?
Globulins
Which values increase in parasites?
GGT and GLDH
What is ALT like in liver disease?
Mildly elevated (don’t use)
Which kind of hepatocellular injury does GLDH measure?
Slightly less acute
How long does AST stay high post-insult?
1-2 weeks
What is the problem with AST?
Not specific
In which species is ALP a better marker of cholestasis?
Cattle
In which condition other than cholestasis is ALP also high?
GI disease
Where is ALP produced?
Intestinal, bone growth, placental isoenzyme
What is ALP half-life like?
Short
What did ALP use to be used to monitor?
Colic
What is a better marker of liver disease/cholestasis than ALP?
GGT
For how long is GGT high in foals?
Until 2-4 weeks old
What is a good marker of colostrum transfer in foals?
GGT
How is bilirubin found in horses?
Mostly unconjugated, even in cholestatic disease
What are bilirubin increases like in horses compared to cows?
Higher
Why aren’t bile acids useful in cows?
Wide variation
How does EMS affect liver enzymes?
Increases
What must you differentiate EMS from?
PPID
What can you measure to differentiate EMS from PPID?
Endogenous ACTH and serum adiponectin
What is PO4 like in renal disease?
Lost
What are Na and Cl like in CKD?
Low
How do you test for tubular damage?
Measure fractional excretion of sodium
What can cause upper GI stasis in cattle?
Renal disease
Why is creatinine a better measure of azotaemia in cattle?
Urea only reflects dietary protein
Why does low Na and Cl cause secretory diarrhoea?
Pump reversal
When can protein loss into the gut be masked?
If dehydrated
Which value increases during diarrhoea in horses?
ALP
Which neutrophil shift reflects toxaemia?
Left shift
Which conditions commonly cause toxaemia?
Acute Salmonellosis, intestinal strangulation
What other value in increased in toxaemia?
FIbrinogen
When do you get chronic hypoMg in dairy cows?
Heavily fertilised forage (as rapid growth = low Mg uptake)
What can hypoMg cause?
HypoCa
How does pancreas disease present in horses?
Like colic
How can you diagnose pancreas disease in horses?
Lipase high in abdominal fluid
How often do cattle get pancreas disease?
Almost never
