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Clinical Pathology > 18: Lymphoma 2 > Flashcards

18: Lymphoma 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How long do lymphoma patients survive with no treatment?

A

6-8 weeks

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2
Q

How long do lymphoma patients treated with preds only survive?

A

2-3 months

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3
Q

How long do lymphoma patients treated with chemo survive?

A

6-18 months

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4
Q

How often can you cure lymphoma in animals?

A

Rarely

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5
Q

Why should you not give steroids AND chemotherapy?

A

Drug resistance and makes diagnosis hard

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6
Q

What does COPA/CHOP have that COP doesn’t?

A

Doxorubicin

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7
Q

What does LLCAP-UW-Madison contain that COP/COPA/CHOP don’t?

A

L-Asparaginase

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8
Q

What are the two kinds of COP protocols?

A

Low-dose/continuous or high-dose/pulse

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9
Q

Which COP component do cats tolerate well?

A

Cyclophosphamide

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10
Q

How myelosuppressive is COP?

A

Not very

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11
Q

How many blood tests does COP need?

A

Not many

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12
Q

Is a high or low dose COP better for cats?

A

High

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13
Q

How long should you do high-dose COP for in cats?

A

6 months only

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14
Q

What are some cyclic combination protocols?

A

VLCAP/UW-Madison/CHOP

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15
Q

What kind of lymphoma is VLCAP/UW-Madison/CHOP especially good for?

A

B cell lymphoma

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16
Q

Which protocols resemble high dose COP and doxorubicin?

A

VLCAP/UW-Madison/CHOP

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17
Q

What % of dogs achieve remission?

A

70-80%

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18
Q

What is median remission?

A

3-12 months

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19
Q

What is median survival?

A

6-18 months of normal healthy life

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20
Q

What is evidence for short 12 week treatment then only treating again during relapse?

A

Some evidence

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21
Q

When should you only use asparaginase?

A

Rescue

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22
Q

What is the prognosis in cats if response to chemo is good?

A

Good

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23
Q

Which cat breed has a good prognosis?

A

Siamese

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24
Q

Which kind of lymphoma is aggressive with only a short-lived response to treatment?

A

Primary cutaenous

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25
Q

Which kind of lymphoma shows a poor response to treatment but slow progression?

A

Epitheliotropic

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26
Q

What is treating diffuse alimentary lymphoma like in dogs?

A

Unrewarding

27
Q

What is treating diffuse alimentary lymphoma like in cats?

A

Short term response

28
Q

Which kind of diffuse alimentary lymphoma can you surgically remove?

A

Focal disease

29
Q

What are the two types of feline alimentary lymphoma?

A

Small or large cell

30
Q

What are the characteristics of feline small cell alimentary lymphoma?

A

Well-differentiated, lymphocytic, low grade, T cell

31
Q

Which kind of cat is feline small cell alimentary lymphoma common in?

A

Very common esp older male DSH

32
Q

Which species response well to thymic lymphoma treatment?

A

Young cats

33
Q

Why do dogs respond less well to thymic lymphoma?

A

T cell phenotype

34
Q

What are the two types of lymphoid leukaemias?

A

Acute lymphoblastic or chronic lymphocytic

35
Q

What are cells like in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?

A

Malignant early stage

36
Q

What are cells like in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?

A

Later stage precursor

37
Q

Which cells give rise to blast-forming units?

A

Myeloid stem cells

38
Q

What phase is lost in acute leukaemia?

A

Maturation phase

39
Q

What is increased in chronic leukaemia?

A

Over-production

40
Q

What are the two types of acute leukaemias?

A

Myeloid or lymphoid

41
Q

What are some complications of acute leukaemias?

A

BOne marrow suppression, sepsis, DIC, organ failure

42
Q

What can clinical signs be like in early stages of leukaemia?

A

Vague

43
Q

Why do you need a marrow sample in pancytopenia?

A

Problem lies at production

44
Q

What other clinical signs should you get a bone marrow sample if seen?

A

Pyrexia, unexplained hyperCa, abnormal cells

45
Q

Which kind of needle do you use for a bone marrow sample?

A

Klina

46
Q

Where do you get bone marrow sample in dog?

A

Wing of ilium

47
Q

Where do you get bone marrow sample in cat?

A

Shaft of femur

48
Q

Why must you work fast when taking a bone marrow sample?

A

Will fail if clotted or diluted

49
Q

Why are bone marrow samples painful?

A

Can block with local but can’t block endosteum

50
Q

What kind of needle do you use to take a bone marrow core?

A

Jamshidi

51
Q

How successful is chemo for leukaemia?

A

Not very - poor prognosis

52
Q

How long is survival time with leukaemia?

A

Weeks

53
Q

What are the three types of chronic leukaemia?

A

Lymphocytic, granulocytic, myeloid

54
Q

What is progression and clinical signs like in chronic leukaemia?

A

Slow progression, mild signs

55
Q

What is the only thing that will cause massive leukocytosis?

A

Chronic leukaemia

56
Q

What is the aim of treatment for chronic leukaemia?

A

Restore blood count to normal - long term maintenance

57
Q

What is the prognosis like for chronic leukaemia?

A

Good - 12-18 months+

58
Q

What can be a complication of CML?

A

Can transform to a blast cell crisis

59
Q

What is another name for a plasma cell myeloma?

A

Multiple myeloma

60
Q

How do cats with multiple myeloma present?

A

Neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, bague signs, hyperviscosity syndromes, skeletal pain

61
Q

What does bone marrow look like in multiple myeloma?

A

Plasma cells in sheets and clusters

62
Q

How do you treat multiple myeloma?

A

Alkylating agents, steroids +/- vincristine

63
Q

What is usual response to treatment to multiple myeloma?

A

Good - median survivial 12-18 months

Clinical Pathology (30 decks)

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