14: Fluid Cytology Flashcards
What is cellularity of pleural fluid?
Low cellularity
What cells do pleural fluids contain?
Mesthelial cells
Which kind of effusions are unilateral and compartmentalised?
Mild
Which kind of effusions are bilateral?
Abundant
What do you use EDTA tubes for?
Cell evaluation and counting
What do you use plain tubes for?
Protein, cholesterol, triglyceride
Whihc kind of fluids deteriorate quickly?
Washes, effusions, synovial fluids
What is a transudate?
From pressure/oncotic changes, low protein/cells, yellow to colourless
What is a modified transudate?
More cells/protein, clear or slightly turbid
What is a septic or non-septic exudate?
High protein, turbid, blood-tinged
What might you see if your transudate is pleural or from a cat?
Some macrophages and neutrophils or lymphocytes
Which cells would you find in a modified transudate from the abdomen?
50% macrophage, 50% neutrophils
What does a septic exudate contain?
Bacteria
What does a non-septic exudate contain?
More than 50% neutrophils
What are effusions like in FIP?
High protein, macrophage, and neutrophil, non-septic
What is the cholesterol:triglyceride ratio in chylous effusions?
Below 1 (more triglyceride and less cholesterol than serum)
What else do you find in a haemorrhagic effusion?
Macrophages to phagocytose RBCs
In which species is uroabdomen common?
Foals/male pigs
What causes bile peritonitis?
Ruptured/leaking bile duct
What colour is bile?
Yellow with orange crystals
Which kind of fluid do neoplasias cause?
Modified transudate with abnormal cells (cell-rich)
Which cells can look like tumour cells in fluid?
Mesothelial
Which tube for a synovial fluid sample?
EDTA, plain or culture medium
What’s the usual amount of synovial fluid you can get?
Less than 0.5ml
Why is synovial fluid viscous?
Hyaluronic acid
How can you take a cell count from synovial fluid?
Cells show windrowing due to the viscosity
When do cells in the synovial fluid not show windrowing?
If too watery (pathological)
What % of cells in synovial fluid are neutrophils?
5-10%
Which are the mononuclear cells seen in synovial fluid?
Most - synoviocytes or macrophages
In which species is immune-mediated inflammatory joint disease common?
dog
In which species is immune-mediated inflammatory joint disease rare?
Horse
How do you indentify inflammatory joint disease from synovial fluid?
Increased neutrophils
What can you see in haemarthrosis fluid?
Bright orange haematoidin crystals and dark brown haemosiderin (iron) deposits within macrophages
What is mononuclear arthropathy?
DJD
What can DJD be secondary to?
Osteochondrosis, joint instability, trauma
Which cells can you see in DJD?
Mononulcear cells and sometimes “joint mice”
What kind of cells do you see in immune-mediated arthritis?
Non-degenerate neutrophils, increased lymphocytes and plasma cells
What are four causes of infectious arthritis?
Bacterial, fungal (puncture wounds), protozoa, rickettsia (Ehrlichia)
What cells do you see in infectious arthritis?
High cell count, degenerate neutrophils
Where are bacteria commonly found in infectious arthritis?
Lining
