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Clinical Pathology > 14: Fluid Cytology > Flashcards

14: Fluid Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

What is cellularity of pleural fluid?

A

Low cellularity

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2
Q

What cells do pleural fluids contain?

A

Mesthelial cells

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3
Q

Which kind of effusions are unilateral and compartmentalised?

A

Mild

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4
Q

Which kind of effusions are bilateral?

A

Abundant

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5
Q

What do you use EDTA tubes for?

A

Cell evaluation and counting

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6
Q

What do you use plain tubes for?

A

Protein, cholesterol, triglyceride

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7
Q

Whihc kind of fluids deteriorate quickly?

A

Washes, effusions, synovial fluids

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8
Q

What is a transudate?

A

From pressure/oncotic changes, low protein/cells, yellow to colourless

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9
Q

What is a modified transudate?

A

More cells/protein, clear or slightly turbid

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10
Q

What is a septic or non-septic exudate?

A

High protein, turbid, blood-tinged

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11
Q

What might you see if your transudate is pleural or from a cat?

A

Some macrophages and neutrophils or lymphocytes

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12
Q

Which cells would you find in a modified transudate from the abdomen?

A

50% macrophage, 50% neutrophils

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13
Q

What does a septic exudate contain?

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

What does a non-septic exudate contain?

A

More than 50% neutrophils

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15
Q

What are effusions like in FIP?

A

High protein, macrophage, and neutrophil, non-septic

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16
Q

What is the cholesterol:triglyceride ratio in chylous effusions?

A

Below 1 (more triglyceride and less cholesterol than serum)

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17
Q

What else do you find in a haemorrhagic effusion?

A

Macrophages to phagocytose RBCs

18
Q

In which species is uroabdomen common?

A

Foals/male pigs

19
Q

What causes bile peritonitis?

A

Ruptured/leaking bile duct

20
Q

What colour is bile?

A

Yellow with orange crystals

21
Q

Which kind of fluid do neoplasias cause?

A

Modified transudate with abnormal cells (cell-rich)

22
Q

Which cells can look like tumour cells in fluid?

A

Mesothelial

23
Q

Which tube for a synovial fluid sample?

A

EDTA, plain or culture medium

24
Q

What’s the usual amount of synovial fluid you can get?

A

Less than 0.5ml

25
Q

Why is synovial fluid viscous?

A

Hyaluronic acid

26
Q

How can you take a cell count from synovial fluid?

A

Cells show windrowing due to the viscosity

27
Q

When do cells in the synovial fluid not show windrowing?

A

If too watery (pathological)

28
Q

What % of cells in synovial fluid are neutrophils?

A

5-10%

29
Q

Which are the mononuclear cells seen in synovial fluid?

A

Most - synoviocytes or macrophages

30
Q

In which species is immune-mediated inflammatory joint disease common?

A

dog

31
Q

In which species is immune-mediated inflammatory joint disease rare?

A

Horse

32
Q

How do you indentify inflammatory joint disease from synovial fluid?

A

Increased neutrophils

33
Q

What can you see in haemarthrosis fluid?

A

Bright orange haematoidin crystals and dark brown haemosiderin (iron) deposits within macrophages

34
Q

What is mononuclear arthropathy?

A

DJD

35
Q

What can DJD be secondary to?

A

Osteochondrosis, joint instability, trauma

36
Q

Which cells can you see in DJD?

A

Mononulcear cells and sometimes “joint mice”

37
Q

What kind of cells do you see in immune-mediated arthritis?

A

Non-degenerate neutrophils, increased lymphocytes and plasma cells

38
Q

What are four causes of infectious arthritis?

A

Bacterial, fungal (puncture wounds), protozoa, rickettsia (Ehrlichia)

39
Q

What cells do you see in infectious arthritis?

A

High cell count, degenerate neutrophils

40
Q

Where are bacteria commonly found in infectious arthritis?

A

Lining

Clinical Pathology (30 decks)

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