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Clinical Pathology > 11: Coagulopathies > Flashcards

11: Coagulopathies Flashcards

1
Q

Which kind of conditions cause increased platelet consumption?

A

Inflammatory

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2
Q

Which condition is consumptive thrombocytopenia associated with?

A

DIC

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3
Q

Which conditions are mild thrombocytopenia associated with?

A

Vasculitis, endocarditis, intravascular coagulation

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4
Q

What causes primary IMTP?

A

Idiopathic

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5
Q

What are some causes of secondary IMTP?

A

Drugs, neoplasia, infection e.g. anaplasma

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6
Q

What is signalment for IMTP?

A

Cockers, Mini Poodles, OES esp young and middle aged

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7
Q

What are clinical signs of IMTP?

A

Primary coagulopathy signs + lethargy, weakness, fever, hepato/splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy

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8
Q

What is also seen on bloods in IMTP?

A

Left-shifted neutrophilia

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9
Q

What is IMTP + IMHA called?

A

Evans’ syndrome

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10
Q

How do you diagnose IMTP?

A

Rule out others, search other causes

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11
Q

How do you treat IMTP?

A

Preds then wean off. Sometimes transfusions or platelet-rich plasma.

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12
Q

Which drug can increase platelet production?

A

Vincristine

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13
Q

Why do you do splenectomy in IMTP?

A

Spleen is destroying platelets

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14
Q

What is mortality of IMTP?

A

30%

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15
Q

What do plasma blood products contain?

A

vWF and clotting factors

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16
Q

What is lifespan of plasma?

A

Short

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17
Q

What is a problem with platelet-rich plasma?

A

Hard to prepare

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18
Q

What drug can cause reduced bone marrow platelet production in cats?

A

Azathioprine

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19
Q

What are some infections that can cause reduced bone marrow platelet production?

A

FIV, FeLV, FIP, distemper, parvo, lepto, anaplasma

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20
Q

How common is immune-mediated megakaryocyte production?

A

Rare

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21
Q

What are two types of inherited thrombocytopathia?

A

vWD, Chediak-Higashi syndrome

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22
Q

How common is acquired thrombocytopathia?

A

Not common

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23
Q

What are three causes of acquired thrombocytopathia?

A

Hyperglobulinaemia, neoplasia, NSAIDs

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24
Q

What species is vWD the most common in?

A

Rare in cats, the most common coagulopathy in dogs

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25
What is platelet count like in vWD?
Normal
26
How do you test for vWD?
Assay and genetic testing
27
How do you treat vWD?
Palliative e.g. desmopressin, minimise trauma
28
How does desmopressin work to treat vWD?
Causes vWF release
29
How does desmopressin affect BMBT?
Short term (4h) reduction
30
How reliable is desmopressin to treat vWD?
Not very
31
What is haemophilia A a deficiency of?
Factor VIII
32
Which sex gets haemophilia A?
Sex linked, males > females
33
What is severity of signs like in haemophilia A?
Severity of signs variable
34
How are APTT and OSPT affected in haemophilia A?
APTT increased, OSPT normal
35
How do you test for haemophilia A?
Factor VIII
36
What is treatment for haemophilia A?
None
37
What are some complications of haemophilia A?
Intra-articular or body cavity bleeds
38
What is the most common inherited secondary coagulopathy?
Haemophilia A
39
What is the most common cause of secondary coagulopathy?
Hepatic disease
40
What are two causes of vitamin K rodenticide?
Diet deficiency or rodenticide
41
Which tumours produce heparin?
Mast cell
42
Which antibodies can cause secondary coagulopathy?
To clotting factors
43
How do rodenticides work?
Inhibit epoxide reductases so inactive vit K can't be converted to activated so clotting factors can't be activated
44
What is platelet count like in rodenticides?
Normal or mildly reduced
45
How do you diagnose rodenticide poisoning?
Coagulation testing
46
Which test becomes abnormal first following rodenticide poisoning?
OSPT (II, VII, X)
47
Which tests become prolonged in rodenticide poisoning?
APTT, WBCT, ACT
48
How do you treat rodenticide poisoning?
More active vitamin K sub cut then orally for 1-6 weeks, but check 2d after stopping treatment
49
How do you treat severe cases of rodenticide poisoning?
Fresh blood or plasma
50
Which types of haemostasis do angiostrongylus and DIC both affect?
Primary and secondary
51
What causes DIC?
Marked inflammatory response leading to small vessel clots
52
What blood components are consumed in DIC?
All platelets and clotting factors
53
What are clinical signs like in DIC?
Subtle initially, then associated with end organ damage e.g. kidney, CNS
54
How do you diagnose DIC?
Low platelets and fibrinogen, high D dimers, prolonged OSPT and APTT
55
How do you treat DIC?
Underlying cause, with oxygen, fluids, heparin, transfusions
56
What is prognosis for DIC?
Poor
57
How do you diagnose A vasorum?
Larvae or a snap test - prolonged OSPT, APTT, thrombocytopenia, elevated D dimers
58
How do you treat A vasorum?
Fenbendazole, imidocloprid, moxidectin, +/- pred
59
What condition can cause blood stasis in cats?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
60
What are two conditions that can cause decreased anticoagulant factors?
Cushing's or protein-losing nephropathy
61
Which condition causes increased endogenous procoagulants?
IMHA
62
Where is vWF found?
Subendothelial matrix
63
What two things does vWF anchor platelets to?
Injury and each other
64
Which factor does vWF bind to to initiate secondary clot formation?
Factor VIII
65
What is type 1 vWD?
All multimers present but low conc
66
Which kind of vW glycoproteins are more functional?
Larger
67
Which breed gets type 1 vWD?
Doberman
68
What is type 2 vWD?
Large monomers lost
69
Which breed gets type 2 vWD?
German short haired pointer
70
What is type 3 vWD?
Lack all multimers
71
Which breed gets type 3 vWD?
Scottish terriers, shetland sheepdogs, chesapeake bay retrievers

Clinical Pathology (30 decks)

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