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SHB > 9.26.16 Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

9.26.16 Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

Spaghetti-like network of nerves that lives in the armpit (axilla) and controls movement and sensation in the upper extremity (arm and hand)

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2
Q

What is the axilla?

A

Space of the armpit

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the axilla?

A 
Superior: clavicle, scapula, first rib
Inferior: skin at the lower borders of the pectoralis major and the teres major/latissimus dorsi
Anterior: pectoralis muscles
Posteriorly: subscapularis
Medially: serratus anterior
Laterally: humerus
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4
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A

Brachial plexus, axillary fat and fascia, axillary vessels and branches, axillary lymph nodes

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5
Q

Draw the brachial plexus.

A

See Powerpoint

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6
Q

What are the 5 components of the brachial plexus?

A 
Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches
(Real Teachers Drink Cold Beer)
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7
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior Rami of C5-8 and T1

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8
Q

What are the branches from the roots of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. C5 provides a small contribution to the phrenic nerve
  2. Dorsal scapular nerve: from the posterior aspect of C5 root; innervates the lower portion of the levator scapulae and the rhomboideus minor and major
  3. Long thoracic nerve: from C5-7
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9
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus formed near the lateral border of the scalene muscles in the posterior triangle of the neck?

A
  1. Upper trunk: formed by union of C5 and C6
  2. Middle trunk: continuation of C7
  3. Lower trunk: formed by union of C8 and T1
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10
Q

What is the only trunk of the brachial plexus to have branches?

A

Upper trunk

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11
Q

What are the branches of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus) and nerve to subclavius

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12
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

The trunks of the brachial plexus are short and split into anterior and posterior divisions.

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13
Q

How are the cords of the brachial plexus named?

A

For relation to axillary artery

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14
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral cord: formed by union of the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks
Medial cord: formed by the anterior division of the lower trunk
Posterior cord: union of all 3 posterior divisions (behind axillary artery)

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15
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord?

A
  1. Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7)
  2. Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)
  3. Lateral contribution to the median nerve (C6-7)
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16
Q

What are the branches of the medial cord?

A
  1. Medial pectoral (C8, T1)
  2. Medial brachial cutaneous (C8, T1)
  3. Medial antebrachial cutaneous (C8, T1)
  4. Ulnar (C8, T1)
  5. Medial contribution to the median nerve (C8)
17
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord?

A
  1. Upper subscapular (C5)
  2. Thoracodorsal (middle subscapular) (C6-8)
  3. Lower subscapular (C6)
  4. Axillary (C5-6)
  5. Radial (C5-8, T1)
18
Q

What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboids

19
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

Serratus anterior

20
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus

21
Q

What does the nerve to subclavius innervate?

A

Subclavius

22
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

A

1/2 pectoralis major

23
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

1/2 pectoralis major, pectoralis minor

24
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis

25
Q

What does the upper subscapular nerve innervate?

A

1/2 of subscapularis

26
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

Latissimus dorsi

27
Q

What does the lower subscapular nerve innervate?

A

Teres major, 1/2 of subscapularis

28
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Teres minor, deltoid

29
Q

What 13 muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?

A
  1. Triceps
  2. Anconeus
  3. Brachioradialis
  4. Extensor carpi radialis longus
  5. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  6. Supinator
  7. Extensor digitorum
  8. Extensor digit minimi
  9. Extensor carpi ulnaris
  10. Extensor pollicis brevis
  11. Extensor pollicis longus
  12. Extensor indicis
  13. Abductor pollicis longus
30
Q

What 12 muscles are innervated by the median nerve?

A
  1. Pronator teres
  2. Flexor carpi radialis
  3. Palmaris longus
  4. Flexor digitorum superficialis
  5. Pronator quadratus
  6. Flexor pollicis longus
  7. 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
  8. Abductor pollicis brevis
  9. Flexor pollicis brevis
  10. Opponens pollicis
  11. Lumbrical 1
  12. Lumbrical 2
31
Q

What 11 muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A
  1. Flexor carpi ulnaris
  2. 1/2 flexor digitorum profunuds
  3. Palmaris brevis
  4. Abductor digiti mnimi
  5. Flexor digiti minimi
  6. Opponens digiti minimi
  7. Lumbrical 3
  8. Lumbrical 4
  9. Dorsal and palmar interossei
  10. Adductor pollicis
  11. Flexor pollicis brevis (deep head)
32
Q

What causes Erb’s palsy?

A

Upper root damage

33
Q

What causes a winged scapular?

A

Cut long thoracic nerve, dead serratus anterior

34
Q

What causes Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Lower root damage

35
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Claw hand - true claw caused by damage to lower roots which causes damage to radial, median, and ulnar nerves; Ulnar claw - caused by distal ulnar nerve injury which paralyzes the median 2 lumbricals

36
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of Erb’s palsy?

A

Tip wrist; waiter’s wrist

SHB (36 decks)

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