Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SHB > 10.25.16 Lungs and Posterior Mediastinum > Flashcards

10.25.16 Lungs and Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

The lung ___ is the superior-most aspect and is rounded and somewhat conical.

A

Apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The lung apex is covered with ___ and is commonly referred to as the ___ of the lung.

A

Cervical pleura; cupula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The lung ___ is inferior, and is large and concave due to the dome of the diaphragm.

A

Base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The medial aspect of each lung is concave to allow for the presence of the ___.

A

Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The anterior, lateral, and posterior surfaces of the lung is ___ and follows the contours of the internal thoracic wall.

A

Convex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two fissures of the lungs?

A
  1. Oblique fissure (major)

2. Horizontal fissure (minor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The posterior aspect of the oblique fissure is located at the ___ thoracic vertebrae. The anterior aspect is inferior and is located at the ___ junction.

A

Second; sixth costochondral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the left lung, the oblique fissure separates the lung into what two lobes?

A

Superior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The most anteroinferior portion of the superior lobe forms a tongue-shaped extension called the ___.

A

Lingula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the right lung, the oblique fissure posteriorly separates what two lobes? Anteriorly, it separates what two lobes?

A

Posteriorly - superior from inferior

Anteriorly - middle from inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The horizontal fissure is found in the ___ lung only.

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The horizontal fissure separates the ___ lobe from the ___ lobe.

A

Superior; middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 5 impressions on the medial surface of the right lung?

A
  1. Groove for the superior vena cava
  2. Groove for the inferior vena cava
  3. Groove for the esophagus
  4. Groove for the azygos vein
  5. Cardiac impression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 impressions on the medial surface of the left lung?

A
  1. Groove for the arch and descending aorta
  2. Groove for the subclavian artery
  3. Cardiac impression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the point where structures leave and enter the lung?

A

Hilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

At the inferior aspect of the hilus, the visceral pleura reflects and forms the ___.

A

Pulmonary ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is formed by all structures of the lung that enter or leave the lung at its hilus?

A

Root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What carries oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What gives parasympathetic fibers to the lungs?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What gives sympathetic fibers to the lungs?

A

Sympathetic trunk (T1 or 2-T6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The bronchial arteries of the right lung are derived from what three arteries?

A

Intercostal arteries, aorta, or left highest intercostal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The bronchial arteries of the left lung are derived from what artery?

A

Descending thoracic aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The lungs are vascularized by both ___ and ___ vessels.

A

Pulmonary; bronchial

25
Q

What do pulmonary arteries do?

A

Bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated

26
Q

What is cardiac contraction?

A

Systole

27
Q

During systole, the blood in the right ventricle enters the ___.

A

Pulmonary trunk

28
Q

What do pulmonary veins do?

A

Bring oxygenated blood back to the left atrium

29
Q

What are the superficial lymphatics of the lungs?

A

Bronchopulmonary nodes in the root of the lung and tracheobronchial lymph nodes near the tracheal termination and the two main stem bronchi

30
Q

What are the deep lympathics of the lungs?

A

Pulmonary nodes

31
Q

What has no lymphatic drainage?

A

Alveoli

32
Q

What is the flexible tube supported by about 20 cartilages?

A

Trachea

33
Q

Anteriorly, the tracheal cartilages are ___ shaped rings.

A

Horseshoe

34
Q

What allows the diameter of the trachea to be increased?

A

Trachealis muscle

35
Q

What is the cartilaginous projection of the last tracheal ring?

A

Carina

36
Q

Describe the branches of the trachea.

A
  1. Primary bronchi
  2. Secondary bronchi
  3. Tertiary bronchi
37
Q

The ___ bronchi enter and serve each lung. The ___ bronchi enter and serve each lobe of the lung. The ___ bronchi enter and serve the segments of each lobe.

A

Primary; Secondary; Tertiary

38
Q

Which primary bronchus is larger, more vertical, and shorter?

A

Right main bronchus

39
Q

What is the primary site of aspirated objects?

A

Primary bronchi

40
Q

How many secondary bronchi are there?

A

3 on the right and 2 on the left

41
Q

___ have no cartilage because of their small diameter. What do these do?

A

Bronchioles; enter and serve the lobules

42
Q

The thoracic cavity is lined by pleura, a serious membrane divided into what two parts?

A
  1. Visceral pleura

2. Parietal pleura

43
Q

Which pleura invests the lungs and provides a slippery surface that enables the lungs to move freely against the other pleura?

A

Visceral pleura

44
Q

Which pleura lines the pulmonary cavity and is named according to the area of the thoracic cavity that it covers?

A

Parietal pleura

45
Q

What are the 4 parts of the parietal pleura?

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Costal
  3. Diaphragmatic
  4. Mediastinal
46
Q

What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleural layers and what is found there?

A

Pleural cavity; serous fluid

47
Q

Where is the pulmonary ligament found?

A

Bilaterally, at the root of the lung

48
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

The pleural sleeve found at the inferior aspect of the hilus where the mediastinal pleura meets with the visceral pleura surrounding the lung

49
Q

What are formed between the parietal and visceral pleura that allow maximum expansion of the lung during forced ventilation?

A

Pleural recesses

50
Q

What are the two major pleural recesses?

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess and costomediastinal recess

51
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior medastinum?

A

Anterior: pericardium
Posterior: thoracic vertebrae

52
Q

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A
  1. Descending thoracic aorta and its branches
  2. Esophagus
  3. Thoracic duct
  4. Right lymphatic duct
  5. Azygos and hemiazygos veins
  6. Sympathetic chain (greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves)
  7. Esophageal plexus (vagus nerve)
53
Q

Which vein drains the intercostal, right renal, and right ascending lumbar veins?

A

Azygos vein

54
Q

Where does the azygos vein empty?

A

Superor vena cava (only on the right side)

55
Q

Which vein drains the lower intercostal, left ascending lumbar, and left subcostal veins?

A

Hemiazygos vein

56
Q

The hemiazygos vein crosses at the level of the ___ vertebra before emptying into the ___ vein.

A

T9; azygous

57
Q

Which vein drains the upper intercostal veins and connects the middle 3-4 intercostal veins?

A

Accessory hemiazygous vein

58
Q

What makes up the esophageal plexus of nerves?

A
  1. Thoracic sympathetic trunks
  2. Thoracic splanchnic nerves
  3. Right and left vagus nerves

SHB (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions