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10.19.16 Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three single cartilages of the larynx?

A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Thyroid
  3. Cricoid
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2
Q

What are the three paired cartilages of the larynx?

A
  1. Arytenoid
  2. Corniculate
  3. Cuneiform
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3
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Serves as a valve to guard the air passages and maintain a patent airway, especially during swallowing; also serves as the phonation mechanism

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4
Q

The larynx is continuous with ___ superiorly and with ___ inferiorly at the level of C6.

A

Laryngopharynx; trachea

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5
Q

At C6, the larynx becomes the ___.

A

Trachea

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6
Q

The larynx is found between C___ and C___.

A

3;6

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7
Q

What are the two synovial joints of the larynx?

A

Cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid

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8
Q

What is the shape of the epiglottis?

A

Leaf-like

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9
Q

The two upper ends of the epiglottis are free; the lower end is attached to the ___.

A

Thyroid angle

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10
Q

The ___ is a depression behind the root of the tongue between the folds in the throat. Foreign bodies often get stuck here.

A

Valleculae

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11
Q

What is the shape of the thyroid cartilage?

A

Open book

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12
Q

What forms the thyroid cartilage?

A

2 lamina fused anterior, which form the Adam’s apple

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13
Q

The posterior border of the thyroid cartilage receives insertion of three muscles - what are they?

A

Stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus

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14
Q

What three muscles attach in the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage?

A

Sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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15
Q

What is the only complete ring in the respiratory system?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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16
Q

The cricoid and thryoid cartilages articulate at what joint?

A

Cricothyroid joint

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17
Q

The ___ cartilages are two pyramids sitting on top of the cricoid cartilage. What joint does this form?

A

Arytenoid; cricoarytenoid joint

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18
Q

The apex of the arytenoid cartilages articulates with the ___ cartilage.

A

Corniculate

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19
Q

The corniculate and cuneiform cartilages are embedded in the ___ fold.

A

Aryepiglottic

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20
Q

What are the two extrinsic membranes and/or ligaments of the larynx?

A
  1. Thyrohyoid membrane

2. Cricotracheal ligament

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21
Q

What pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal vessels

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22
Q

The intrinsic membranes/ligaments of the larynx are the ___ membranes.

A

Quadrangular membranes; crico-thyroid ligament

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23
Q

The quadrangular membranes are stretched between what two things?

A

Epiglottis and arytenoids

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24
Q

The upper quadrangular membrane forms the ___.

A

Aryepiglottic fold

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25
The lower quadrangular membrane forms the ___.
Vestibular ligament (false vocal fold)
26
The upper free border of the crico-thyroid ligament forms the ___.
Vocal ligament (true vocal fold)
27
What is the space between the vocal folds?
Rima glottis
28
___ can be done after failure of valsalva maneuver in case of inhalation of a foreign body.
Cricothyrotomy
29
What is a common site of foreign bodies in the interior of the larynx?
Piriform fossa
30
Removal of a foreign body from the piriform fossa may damage the branches of the ___ nerve, leading to loss of sensation of the upper 1/2 of the larynx.
Internal laryngeal
31
Describe the interior of the larynx from above downwards.
1. Laryngeal inlet 2. Vestibule 3. Vestibular folds (false cords) 4. Ventricle 5. Vocal folds (true cords) 6. Infraglottic cavity
32
What are the 6 muscles of the larynx?
1. Cricothyroid 2. Posterior cricoarytenoid 3. Lateral cricoarytenoid 4. Transverse arytenoid 5. Oblique arytenoid 6. Thyro-arytenoid and vocalis
33
What is the origin of cricothyroid?
Anterior cricoid cartilage
34
What is the insertion of cricothyroid?
Inferior border of thyroid cartilage and its inferior horn
35
What innervates cricothyroid?
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve
36
What supplies cricothyroid?
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
37
What is the function of cricothyroid?
Lengthens and tense vocal ligaments
38
What is the origin of posterior cricoarytenoid?
Posterior surface of lamina of cricoid cartilage
39
What is the insertion of posterior cricoarytenoid?
Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
40
What innervates posterior cricoarytenoid?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
41
What supplies posterior cricoarytenoid?
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
42
What is the function of posterior cricoarytenoid?
Abducts vocal folds
43
What is the origin of lateral cricoarytenoid?
Arch of cricoid cartilage
44
What is the insertion of lateral cricoarytenoid?
Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
45
What innervates lateral cricoarytenoid?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
46
What supplies lateral cricoarytenoid?
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
47
What is the function of lateral cricoarytenoid?
Adducts vocal folds
48
What is the origin of thyroarytenoid?
Posterior aspect of thyroid cartilage
49
What is the insertion of thyroarytenoid?
Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
50
What innervates thyroarytenoid?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
51
What supplies thyroarytenoid?
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
52
What is the function of thyroarytenoid?
Shortens and relaxes vocal cords, sphincter of vestibule
53
What is the origin of transverse and oblique arytenoid?
Arytenoid cartilage
54
What is the insertion of transverse and oblique arytenoid?
Opposite arytenoid cartilage
55
What innervates transverse and oblique arytenoid?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
56
What supplies transverse and oblique arytenoid?
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
57
What is the function of transverse and oblique arytenoid?
Closes intercartilaginous portion of rima glottides
58
What is the origin of vocalis?
Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
59
What is the insertion of vocalis?
Vocal ligament
60
What innervates vocalis?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
61
What supplies vocalis?
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
62
What is the function of vocalis?
Tenses anterior vocal ligament, relaxes posterior vocal ligament
63
The laryngeal muscles all develop from the ___ pharyngeal arch except cricothyroid, which develops from the ___ arch.
6th; 4th
64
All the laryngeal muscles are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve of ___ except cricothyroid, which is done by the ___.
Vagus nerve (CN X); external laryngeal nerve of CN X
65
What is the only abductor of the vocal cords and the only opener of rima glottis?
Posterior cricoarytenoid
66
Bilateral paralysis or injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is fatal - why?
It leads to closure of rima glottis
67
The vocal cords of the larynx represent a ___, which divides the larynx into upper and lower parts with different sensory innervation and blood supply.
Watershed
68
The upper part of the larynx is supplied by what arteries and nerves?
Superior laryngeal artery (branch of superior thyroid artery) and internal laryngeal nerve of superior laryngeal of vagus (CN X)
69
The lower part of the larynx is supplied by what arteries and nerves?
Inferior laryngeal artery branch of inferior thyroid artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus (CN X)
70
What is the bodyguard of the larynx?
Epiglottis
71
What are the two common sites for foreign bodies?
Piriform fossa and valleculae

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