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SHB > 10.19.16 Larynx > Flashcards

10.19.16 Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three single cartilages of the larynx?

A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Thyroid
  3. Cricoid
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2
Q

What are the three paired cartilages of the larynx?

A
  1. Arytenoid
  2. Corniculate
  3. Cuneiform
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3
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Serves as a valve to guard the air passages and maintain a patent airway, especially during swallowing; also serves as the phonation mechanism

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4
Q

The larynx is continuous with ___ superiorly and with ___ inferiorly at the level of C6.

A

Laryngopharynx; trachea

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5
Q

At C6, the larynx becomes the ___.

A

Trachea

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6
Q

The larynx is found between C___ and C___.

A

3;6

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7
Q

What are the two synovial joints of the larynx?

A

Cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid

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8
Q

What is the shape of the epiglottis?

A

Leaf-like

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9
Q

The two upper ends of the epiglottis are free; the lower end is attached to the ___.

A

Thyroid angle

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10
Q

The ___ is a depression behind the root of the tongue between the folds in the throat. Foreign bodies often get stuck here.

A

Valleculae

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11
Q

What is the shape of the thyroid cartilage?

A

Open book

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12
Q

What forms the thyroid cartilage?

A

2 lamina fused anterior, which form the Adam’s apple

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13
Q

The posterior border of the thyroid cartilage receives insertion of three muscles - what are they?

A

Stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus

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14
Q

What three muscles attach in the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage?

A

Sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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15
Q

What is the only complete ring in the respiratory system?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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16
Q

The cricoid and thryoid cartilages articulate at what joint?

A

Cricothyroid joint

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17
Q

The ___ cartilages are two pyramids sitting on top of the cricoid cartilage. What joint does this form?

A

Arytenoid; cricoarytenoid joint

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18
Q

The apex of the arytenoid cartilages articulates with the ___ cartilage.

A

Corniculate

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19
Q

The corniculate and cuneiform cartilages are embedded in the ___ fold.

A

Aryepiglottic

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20
Q

What are the two extrinsic membranes and/or ligaments of the larynx?

A
  1. Thyrohyoid membrane

2. Cricotracheal ligament

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21
Q

What pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal vessels

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22
Q

The intrinsic membranes/ligaments of the larynx are the ___ membranes.

A

Quadrangular membranes; crico-thyroid ligament

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23
Q

The quadrangular membranes are stretched between what two things?

A

Epiglottis and arytenoids

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24
Q

The upper quadrangular membrane forms the ___.

A

Aryepiglottic fold

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25
Q

The lower quadrangular membrane forms the ___.

A

Vestibular ligament (false vocal fold)

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26
Q

The upper free border of the crico-thyroid ligament forms the ___.

A

Vocal ligament (true vocal fold)

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27
Q

What is the space between the vocal folds?

A

Rima glottis

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28
Q

___ can be done after failure of valsalva maneuver in case of inhalation of a foreign body.

A

Cricothyrotomy

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29
Q

What is a common site of foreign bodies in the interior of the larynx?

A

Piriform fossa

30
Q

Removal of a foreign body from the piriform fossa may damage the branches of the ___ nerve, leading to loss of sensation of the upper 1/2 of the larynx.

A

Internal laryngeal

31
Q

Describe the interior of the larynx from above downwards.

A
  1. Laryngeal inlet
  2. Vestibule
  3. Vestibular folds (false cords)
  4. Ventricle
  5. Vocal folds (true cords)
  6. Infraglottic cavity
32
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the larynx?

A
  1. Cricothyroid
  2. Posterior cricoarytenoid
  3. Lateral cricoarytenoid
  4. Transverse arytenoid
  5. Oblique arytenoid
  6. Thyro-arytenoid and vocalis
33
Q

What is the origin of cricothyroid?

A

Anterior cricoid cartilage

34
Q

What is the insertion of cricothyroid?

A

Inferior border of thyroid cartilage and its inferior horn

35
Q

What innervates cricothyroid?

A

External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

36
Q

What supplies cricothyroid?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

37
Q

What is the function of cricothyroid?

A

Lengthens and tense vocal ligaments

38
Q

What is the origin of posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

Posterior surface of lamina of cricoid cartilage

39
Q

What is the insertion of posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

40
Q

What innervates posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

41
Q

What supplies posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

42
Q

What is the function of posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

Abducts vocal folds

43
Q

What is the origin of lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

Arch of cricoid cartilage

44
Q

What is the insertion of lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

45
Q

What innervates lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

46
Q

What supplies lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

47
Q

What is the function of lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

Adducts vocal folds

48
Q

What is the origin of thyroarytenoid?

A

Posterior aspect of thyroid cartilage

49
Q

What is the insertion of thyroarytenoid?

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

50
Q

What innervates thyroarytenoid?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

51
Q

What supplies thyroarytenoid?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

52
Q

What is the function of thyroarytenoid?

A

Shortens and relaxes vocal cords, sphincter of vestibule

53
Q

What is the origin of transverse and oblique arytenoid?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

54
Q

What is the insertion of transverse and oblique arytenoid?

A

Opposite arytenoid cartilage

55
Q

What innervates transverse and oblique arytenoid?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

56
Q

What supplies transverse and oblique arytenoid?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

57
Q

What is the function of transverse and oblique arytenoid?

A

Closes intercartilaginous portion of rima glottides

58
Q

What is the origin of vocalis?

A

Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

59
Q

What is the insertion of vocalis?

A

Vocal ligament

60
Q

What innervates vocalis?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

61
Q

What supplies vocalis?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

62
Q

What is the function of vocalis?

A

Tenses anterior vocal ligament, relaxes posterior vocal ligament

63
Q

The laryngeal muscles all develop from the ___ pharyngeal arch except cricothyroid, which develops from the ___ arch.

A

6th; 4th

64
Q

All the laryngeal muscles are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve of ___ except cricothyroid, which is done by the ___.

A

Vagus nerve (CN X); external laryngeal nerve of CN X

65
Q

What is the only abductor of the vocal cords and the only opener of rima glottis?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

66
Q

Bilateral paralysis or injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is fatal - why?

A

It leads to closure of rima glottis

67
Q

The vocal cords of the larynx represent a ___, which divides the larynx into upper and lower parts with different sensory innervation and blood supply.

A

Watershed

68
Q

The upper part of the larynx is supplied by what arteries and nerves?

A

Superior laryngeal artery (branch of superior thyroid artery) and internal laryngeal nerve of superior laryngeal of vagus (CN X)

69
Q

The lower part of the larynx is supplied by what arteries and nerves?

A

Inferior laryngeal artery branch of inferior thyroid artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus (CN X)

70
Q

What is the bodyguard of the larynx?

A

Epiglottis

71
Q

What are the two common sites for foreign bodies?

A

Piriform fossa and valleculae

SHB (36 decks)

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