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10.18.16 Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the continuation of the digestive system from the oral cavity?

A

Pharynx

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2
Q

The pharynx is a funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that is the common route for both ___ and ___.

A

Food; air

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3
Q

Where is the pharynx located?

A

Posterior to the nasal and oral cavities, and the larynx

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4
Q

What are the three sections of the pharynx (in order)?

A
  1. Nasal pharynx
  2. Oral pharynx
  3. Laryngeal pharynx
  4. Esophagus
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5
Q

What coats the back of the pharynx?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

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6
Q

What is found between the buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia?

A

Retropharyngeal space

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7
Q

What is the origin of inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

What is the insertion of inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Median raphe of pharynx

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9
Q

What innervates inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

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10
Q

What supplies inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery, superior thyroid artery (branches)

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11
Q

What is the function of inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Constricts wall of pharynx during swallowing

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12
Q

What is the origin of middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Stylohyoid ligament and horns of hyoid bone

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13
Q

What is the insertion of middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Median raphe of pharynx

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14
Q

What innervates middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

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15
Q

What supplies middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery, ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of facial artery, dorsal lingual branches of lingual artery

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16
Q

What is the function of middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Constricts wall of pharynx during swallowing

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17
Q

What is the origin of superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line of mandible

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18
Q

What is the insertion of superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Median raphe of pharynx

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19
Q

What innervates superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

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20
Q

What supplies superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery, ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of facial artery, dorsal branches of lingual artery

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21
Q

What is the function of superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Constricts wall of pharynx during swallowing

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22
Q

The 3 constrictors overlap like shingles - what does this do?

A

Prevents food from passing between the muscles

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23
Q

What is the origin of buccinator?

A

Posterior portion of alveolar process of maxilla and mandible, opposite sockets of molar teeth, anterior border of pterygomandibular raphe

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24
Q

What is the insertion of buccinator?

A

Angle of mouth

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25
What is the function of buccinator?
Expels air between lips, compresses cheeks
26
What innervates buccinator?
Facial nerve (CN VII) - buccal branches
27
What supplies buccinator?
Facial artery (muscular branches) and maxillary artery (buccal branches)
28
What is the origin of tensor veli palatini?
Scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate, spine of sphenoid, pharyngotympanic tube
29
What is the insertion of tensor veli palatini?
Palatine aponeurosis
30
What innervates tensor veli palatini?
Mandibular nerve
31
What supplies tensor veli palatini?
Ascending palatine artery branch of facial artery, descending palatine artery branch of maxillary artery
32
What is the function of tensor veli palatini?
Tenses soft palate, opens pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing and yawning
33
What is the origin of levator veli palatini?
Temporal bone (petrous portion)
34
What is the insertion of levator veli palatini?
Palatine aponeurosis
35
What innervates levator veli palatini?
Vagus nerve (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
36
What supplies levator veli palatini?
Ascending palatine artery branch of facial artery, descending palatine artery branch of maxillary artery
37
What is the function of levator veli palatini?
Elevates soft palate during swallowing
38
If you have sleep apnea, you have a "lazy" ___.
Soft palate
39
What is the origin of stylopharyngeus?
Medial aspect of styloid process
40
What is the insertion of stylopharyngeus?
Pharyngeal wall
41
What innervates stylopharyngeus?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
42
What supplies stylopharyngeus?
Ascending pharyngeal artery, ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of facial artery, dorsal branches of lingual artery
43
What is the function of stylopharyngeus?
Elevates pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
44
What is the origin of mylohyoid?
Mylohyoid line of mandible
45
What is the insertion of mylohyoid?
Median raphe and body of hyoid bone
46
What innervates mylohyoid?
Nerve to mylohyoid (branch CN V)
47
What supplies mylohyoid?
Sublingual branch of lingual artery, submental branch of facial artery
48
What is the function of mylohyoid?
Elevates hyoid bone, base of tongue, floor of mouth, depresses mandible
49
What is the origin of hyoglossus?
Body and greater horn of hyoid bone
50
What is the insertion of hyoglossus?
Lateral and inferior aspect of tongue
51
What innervates hyoglossus?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
52
What supplies hyoglossus?
Sublingual and submental arteries
53
What is the function of hyoglossus?
Depresses and retracts tongue
54
At the jugular foramen, the sigmoid sinus becomes the ___.
Jugular vein
55
CN XII (hypoglossal nerve) goes through the ___ canal and is motor to all muscles ending in glossus except ___.
Hypoglossal; palatoglossus
56
What is the origin of styloglossus?
Styloid process and stylohyoid ligament
57
What is the insertion of styloglossus?
Lateral and inferior aspect of tongue
58
What innervates styloglossus?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
59
What supplies styloglossus?
Sublingual artery
60
What is the function of styloglossus?
Retracts tongue and draws it up for swallowing
61
What is the origin of palatopharyngeus?
Hard palate, superior palatine aponeurosis
62
What is the insertion of palatopharyngeus?
Lateral pharyngeal wall
63
What innervates palatopharyngeus?
Vagus nerve (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
64
What supplies palatopharyngeus?
Ascending palatine artery branch of facial artery, descending palatine artery branch of maxillary artery
65
What is the function of palatopharyngeus?
Tenses soft palate; pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing
66
What is the origin of salpingopharyngeus?
Pharyngotympanic tube
67
What is the insertion of salpingopharyngeus?
Side of pharyngeal wall
68
What innervates salpingopharyngeus?
Vagus nerve (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
69
What supplies salpingopharyngeus?
Pharyngeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery
70
What is the function of salpingopharyngeus?
Elevates pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking

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