10.20.16 Oral and Nasal Cavities Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three nasal cavities?
A
- Vestibule
- Respiratory region
- Olfactory region
2
Q
What is the flared portion of the nose that contains hair follicles?
A
Vestibule
3
Q
What is the largest part of the nasal cavity?
A
Respiratory region
4
Q
What is contained in the respiratory region of the nose?
A
Conchae
5
Q
What is the superior-most aspect of the nasal cavity that contains the olfactory epithelium necessary for the sense of smell?
A
Olfactory region
6
Q
What is found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (anterior to posterior)?
A
- Nasal bone
- Maxilla
- Lacrimal bone
- Ethmoid
- Inferior nasal concha
- Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
- Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
7
Q
The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by the ___.
A
Nasal septum
8
Q
Air enters the nasal cavity anterior through the ___ and exits posteriorly into the nasopharynx through the ___.
A
Nares; choanae
9
Q
What is found on the medial wall (nasal septum)?
A
- Ethmoid bone
- Vomer
- Cartilaginous septum
10
Q
The nasal cavity communicates with the orbit via the ___.
A
Nasolacrimal duct
11
Q
The nasal cavity communicates with the nasopharynx via the ___.
A
Choanae
12
Q
The nasal cavity communicates with the paranasal sinuses via the ___.
A
Meatal openings
13
Q
The nasal cavity communicates with the anterior cranial fossa via the ___.
A
Cribriform plate and foramen cecum
14
Q
The nasal cavity communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa via the ___.
A
Sphenopalatine foramen
15
Q
The nasal cavity communicates with the oral cavity via the ___.
A
Incisive canal
16
Q
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
A
- Maxillary sinus
- Ethmoidal sinus
- Frontal sinus
- Sphenoidal sinus
17
Q
What drains into the inferior meatus?
A
Nasolacrimal duct
18
Q
What drains into the superior meatus?
A
Posterior ethmoidal cells
19
Q
What drains into the middle meatus?
A
Frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells, maxillary sinus
20
Q
Which arteries help to supply the nasal cavities?
A
- Ophthalmic
- Maxillary
- Facial
21
Q
What is located in the anterior part of the nasal septum?
A
Kiesselbach’s area
22
Q
Where do many of the arteries supplying the septum anastomose?
A
Kiesselbach’s area
23
Q
What is the term for a nose bleed?
A
Epistatxis
24
Q
What nerves supply the nasal cavity?
A
- Anterior ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)
- Sphenopalatine branches (CN V2)
- Olfactory nerves (CN I)
- Nerve of the pterygoid canal (greater petrosal - CN VII, deep petrosal)
25
What is the inverted tear-drop space in the skull?
Pterygopalatine fossa
26
What are the borders of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Superior: body of the sphenoid
Medial: palatine bone
Posterior: pterygoid process and greater wing of sphenoid
Anterior/inferior: maxilla
27
The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the middle cranial fossa via the ___.
Foramen rotundum
28
The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the infratemporal fossa via the ___.
Pterygomaxillary fissure
29
The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the orbit via the ___.
Inferior orbital fissure
30
The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the nasal cavity via the ___.
Sphenopalatine foramen
31
The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the palate and oral cavity via the ___.
Palatine canal
32
The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the nasopharynx via the ___.
Pharyngeal canal
33
What is the principle resident of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Pterygopalatine ganglion
34
The pterygopalatine ganglion contains the cell bodies for parasympathetics to what three glands?
Oral, nasal, lacrimal
35
The foramen rotundum connects the middle cranial fossa (superioraly) with the PPF. What runs through this?
CN V2
36
The pterygomaxillary fissure is the opening through which the ___ enters from the infratermporal fossa.
Maxillary artery
37
After entering the infratemporal fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure, the maxillary artery becomes the ___.
Sphenopalatine artery
38
What is the medial opening between the PPF and the nasal cavity?
Sphenopalatine foramen
39
What runs through the sphenopalatine foramen?
Sphenopalatine artery, lateral nasal nerve, nasopalatine nerve
40
CN V2 passes anteriorly from the PPF to the orbit through the ___ as the ___ nerve.
Inferior orbital fissure; infraorbital nerve
41
The nerve and artery of the pterygoid canal traverse the ___ to enter the PPF posteriorly.
Pterygoid canal
42
What runs through the palatine canal from the PPF to the hard palate?
Greater and lesser palatine nerves, descending palatine nerve, pharyngeal nerve
43
The motor fibers to the lacrimal gland are ___.
Parasympathetic
44
What is the specific branch of CN VII that contains the secretomotor parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland?
Greater petrosal nerve
45
Describe the course of the parasympathetic fibers traveling to the lacrimal gland.
1. Greater petrosal nerve courses within the hiatus for the facial nerve of the middle cranial fossa. It contains across the foramen lacerum where it is met by the deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic fibers).
2. The deep petrosal and greater petrosal nerves form the nerve of the pterygoid canal, which runs through the pterygoid canal.
3. The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the pterygopalatine fossa and enters the petrygopalatine ganglion. Only the parasympathetic fibers synapse there.
4. The postganglionic parasympathetics rejoin with the sympathetics and travel to the nasal cavity and to the hard palate.
46
Which branches of the nerve of the pterygoid canal go to the nasal cavity?
Lateral nasal and nasopalatine branches
47
Which branches of the nerve of the pterygoid canal go to the oral cavity?
Greater and lesser palatine branches
48
The maxillary nerve also provides ___ innervation to the same structures innervated by the parasympathetics in the nasal cavity.
Sensory
49
Sympathetic fibers from the deep petrosal nerve also innervate the same structures as the parasympathetics and V2. What does this cause?
Vasoconstriction of the arteries supplying the nasal mucosa and palate
50
What are the two regions of the oral cavity?
1. Vestibule
| 2. Oral cavity proper
51
What is the region of the oral cavity bounded externally by the inside of the lips and cheeks and internally by the teeth?
Vestibule
52
What are the boundaries of the oral cavity proper?
Superior: Hard and soft palate
Inferior: mylohyoid muscle
Anterior and lateral: teeth with gingiva and alveolar processes
Posterior: palatoglossal fold (beginning of oropharynx)
53
What makes up the hard palate?
1. Alveolar bone of maxilla
2. Maxillary teeth
3. Palatine process of the maxilla
4. Horizontal process of palatine bone
5. Palatine glands (covered by mucosa)
6. Palatal rugae (transverse palatine folds)
54
What are the 3 foramina of the hard palate?
1. Incisive foramen (canal)
2. Greater palatine foramen
3. Lesser palatine foramen
55
What transmits the nasopalatine nerve and terminal branches of the greater palatine artery?
Incisive foramen (canal)
56
What transmits the greater palatine nerve and artery?
Greater palatine foramen
57
What transmits the lesser palatine nerve and artery?
Lesser palatine foramen
58
The fully developed adult maxilla and mandible contain ___ teeth.
32
59
Each quadrant of teeth is made up of what teeth?
1. Medial incisor (1)
2. Lateral incisor (1)
3. Canine (1)
4. Premolars (2)
5. Molars (3)
60
What is the hardest substance in the body?
Tooth enamel
61
What is the alveolus of the tooth made of?
Alveolar bone
62
What is the root of the tooth made of?
Dentin
63
What is the gingiva?
Gums
64
What is the periodontal membrane?
Periosteum found around the tooth
65
What holds the tooth in the alveolus?
Cementum
66
What are the muscles of the soft palate?
1. Levator veli palatini
2. Tensor veli palatini
3. Palatoglossus
4. Palatopharyngeus
5. Musculus uvulae
67
What innervates all of the muscles of the soft palate except tensor veli palatini?
CN X via pharyngeal plexus
68
What is the origin of levator veli palatini?
Temporal bone (petrous portion)
69
What is the insertion of levator veli palatini?
Palatine aponeurosis
70
What innervates levator veli palatini?
Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
71
What is the function of levator veli palatini?
Elevates soft palate during swallowing
72
What is the origin of tensor veli palatini?
Scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate, spine of sphenoid, pharyngotympanic tube
73
What is the insertion of tensor veli palatini?
Palatine aponeurosis
74
What innervates tensor veli palatini?
Mandibualr nerve
75
What is the function of tensor veli palatini?
Tenses soft palate, opens pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing and yawning
76
What is the origin of palatoglossus?
Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate
77
What is the insertion of palatoglossus?
Lateral aspect of tongue
78
What innervates palatoglossus?
Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
79
What is the function of palatoglossus?
Elevates posterior tongue, depresses palate
80
What is the origin of palatopharyngeus?
Hard palate, superior palatine aponeurosis
81
What is the insertion of palatopharyngeus?
Lateral pharyngeal wall
82
What innervates palatopharyngeus?
Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
83
What is the function of palatopharyngeus?
Tenses soft palate; pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing
84
What is the origin of musculus uvulae?
Nasal spine, palatine aponeurosis
85
What is the insertion of musculus uvulae?
Mucosa of uvula
86
What innervates musculus uvulae?
Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
87
What is the function of musculus uvulae?
Shortens, elevates, and retracts uvula
88
What supplies the hard palate?
Greater palatine artery (branch of descending palatine artery)
89
What supplies the soft palate?
Lesser palatine artery and ascending palatine artery
90
What supplies dentition?
Posterior superior alveolar artery, middle/anterior superior alveolar arteries
91
What are the two sensory nerves of the palate?
1. Greater palatine nerve
| 2. Nasopalatine nerve
92
What supplies the teeth of the upper palate, molars, premolars, canines, and incisors?
Posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar nerves (branches of infraorbital nerve - CN V2)
93
What supplies the mandibular teeth?
Inferior alveolar artery (CN V3)
94
The anterior 2/3 of the tongue lies within the ___ and is known as the oral part of the tongue.
Oral cavity
95
The posterior 1/3 of the tongue lies within the ___ and is known as the pharyngeal portion of the tongue.
Oropharynx
96
What is contained in the pharyngeal portion of the tongue?
Lingual tonsil
97
The oral and pharyngeal parts of the tongue are separated from one another by a V-shaped groove known as the ___.
Sulcus terminalis
98
The tongue is attached posteriorly to the ___ by three folds of mucosa (two laterally placed lateral glossoepiglottic folds and a midline median glossoepiglottic fold).
Epiglottis
99
Between each lateral glossoepiglottic fold and median glossoepiglottic fold is a depression called the ___.
Vallecular
100
What innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
101
What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Change the shape of the tongue
102
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
1. Genioglossus
2. Hyoglossus
3. Styloglossus
4. Palatoglossus
103
What is the origin of genioglossus?
Mental spine of mandible
104
What is the insertion of genioglossus?
Dorsum of tongue, hyoid bone
105
What innervates genioglossus?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
106
What is the function of genioglossus?
Depresses and protrudes tongue
107
What is the origin of hyoglossus?
Body and greater horn of hyoid bone
108
What is the insertion of hyoglossus?
Lateral and inferior aspect of tongue
109
What innervates hyoglossus?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
110
What is the function of hyoglossus?
Depresses and retracts tongue
111
What is the origin of styloglossus?
Styloid process and stylohyoid ligament
112
What is the insertion of styloglossus?
Lateral and inferior aspect of tongue
113
What innervates styloglossus?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
114
What is the function of styloglossus?
Retracts tongue and draws it up for swallowing
115
What is the origin of palatoglossus?
Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate
116
What is the insertion of palatoglossus?
Lateral aspect of tongue
117
What innervates palatoglossus?
Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
118
What is the function of palatoglossus?
Elevates posterior tongue, depresses palate
119
What is the midline attachment of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity and posterior gingival?
Lingual frenulum
120
What are the serpentine folds lateral to the lingual frenulum which overlie the lingual veins?
Fimbriated folds
121
What covers the sublingual glands and submandibular duct?
Sublingual folds
122
What are elevations on each side of the lingual frenulum that contain the opening of the submandibular duct on each side?
Sublingual papilla (caruncula)
123
What is contained in the floor of the oral cavity?
1. Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
2. Submandibular (Wharton's) duct
3. Lingual nerve
4. Hypoglossal nerve
124
What supplies blood to the tongue and sublingual area?
Lingual artery
125
What are the three branches of the lingual artery?
1. Dorsal lingual arteries
2. Deep lingual artery
3. Sublingual artery
126
What supplies the motor innervation to the tongue?
CN XII (hypoglossal)
127
What supplies sensory innervation to the tongue?
CN V and IX
128
What supplies special taste fibers to the tongue?
VII and IX
129
What supplies sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Lingual nerve (CN V3)
130
What supplies taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Chorda tympani (from CN VII), carried by lingual nerve
131
What supplies sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
132
What supplies taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
133
What supplies taste to the base of the tongue?
Vagus (CN X)
