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SHB > 10.20.16 Oral and Nasal Cavities > Flashcards

10.20.16 Oral and Nasal Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three nasal cavities?

A
  1. Vestibule
  2. Respiratory region
  3. Olfactory region
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2
Q

What is the flared portion of the nose that contains hair follicles?

A

Vestibule

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3
Q

What is the largest part of the nasal cavity?

A

Respiratory region

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4
Q

What is contained in the respiratory region of the nose?

A

Conchae

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5
Q

What is the superior-most aspect of the nasal cavity that contains the olfactory epithelium necessary for the sense of smell?

A

Olfactory region

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6
Q

What is found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (anterior to posterior)?

A
  1. Nasal bone
  2. Maxilla
  3. Lacrimal bone
  4. Ethmoid
  5. Inferior nasal concha
  6. Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
  7. Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
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7
Q

The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by the ___.

A

Nasal septum

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8
Q

Air enters the nasal cavity anterior through the ___ and exits posteriorly into the nasopharynx through the ___.

A

Nares; choanae

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9
Q

What is found on the medial wall (nasal septum)?

A
  1. Ethmoid bone
  2. Vomer
  3. Cartilaginous septum
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10
Q

The nasal cavity communicates with the orbit via the ___.

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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11
Q

The nasal cavity communicates with the nasopharynx via the ___.

A

Choanae

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12
Q

The nasal cavity communicates with the paranasal sinuses via the ___.

A

Meatal openings

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13
Q

The nasal cavity communicates with the anterior cranial fossa via the ___.

A

Cribriform plate and foramen cecum

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14
Q

The nasal cavity communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa via the ___.

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

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15
Q

The nasal cavity communicates with the oral cavity via the ___.

A

Incisive canal

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16
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. Maxillary sinus
  2. Ethmoidal sinus
  3. Frontal sinus
  4. Sphenoidal sinus
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17
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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18
Q

What drains into the superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoidal cells

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19
Q

What drains into the middle meatus?

A

Frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells, maxillary sinus

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20
Q

Which arteries help to supply the nasal cavities?

A
  1. Ophthalmic
  2. Maxillary
  3. Facial
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21
Q

What is located in the anterior part of the nasal septum?

A

Kiesselbach’s area

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22
Q

Where do many of the arteries supplying the septum anastomose?

A

Kiesselbach’s area

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23
Q

What is the term for a nose bleed?

A

Epistatxis

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24
Q

What nerves supply the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Anterior ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)
  2. Sphenopalatine branches (CN V2)
  3. Olfactory nerves (CN I)
  4. Nerve of the pterygoid canal (greater petrosal - CN VII, deep petrosal)
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25
Q

What is the inverted tear-drop space in the skull?

A

Pterygopalatine fossa

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26
Q

What are the borders of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Superior: body of the sphenoid
Medial: palatine bone
Posterior: pterygoid process and greater wing of sphenoid
Anterior/inferior: maxilla

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27
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the middle cranial fossa via the ___.

A

Foramen rotundum

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28
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the infratemporal fossa via the ___.

A

Pterygomaxillary fissure

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29
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the orbit via the ___.

A

Inferior orbital fissure

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30
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the nasal cavity via the ___.

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

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31
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the palate and oral cavity via the ___.

A

Palatine canal

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32
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the nasopharynx via the ___.

A

Pharyngeal canal

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33
Q

What is the principle resident of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

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34
Q

The pterygopalatine ganglion contains the cell bodies for parasympathetics to what three glands?

A

Oral, nasal, lacrimal

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35
Q

The foramen rotundum connects the middle cranial fossa (superioraly) with the PPF. What runs through this?

A

CN V2

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36
Q

The pterygomaxillary fissure is the opening through which the ___ enters from the infratermporal fossa.

A

Maxillary artery

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37
Q

After entering the infratemporal fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure, the maxillary artery becomes the ___.

A

Sphenopalatine artery

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38
Q

What is the medial opening between the PPF and the nasal cavity?

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

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39
Q

What runs through the sphenopalatine foramen?

A

Sphenopalatine artery, lateral nasal nerve, nasopalatine nerve

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40
Q

CN V2 passes anteriorly from the PPF to the orbit through the ___ as the ___ nerve.

A

Inferior orbital fissure; infraorbital nerve

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41
Q

The nerve and artery of the pterygoid canal traverse the ___ to enter the PPF posteriorly.

A

Pterygoid canal

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42
Q

What runs through the palatine canal from the PPF to the hard palate?

A

Greater and lesser palatine nerves, descending palatine nerve, pharyngeal nerve

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43
Q

The motor fibers to the lacrimal gland are ___.

A

Parasympathetic

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44
Q

What is the specific branch of CN VII that contains the secretomotor parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland?

A

Greater petrosal nerve

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45
Q

Describe the course of the parasympathetic fibers traveling to the lacrimal gland.

A
  1. Greater petrosal nerve courses within the hiatus for the facial nerve of the middle cranial fossa. It contains across the foramen lacerum where it is met by the deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic fibers).
  2. The deep petrosal and greater petrosal nerves form the nerve of the pterygoid canal, which runs through the pterygoid canal.
  3. The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the pterygopalatine fossa and enters the petrygopalatine ganglion. Only the parasympathetic fibers synapse there.
  4. The postganglionic parasympathetics rejoin with the sympathetics and travel to the nasal cavity and to the hard palate.
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46
Q

Which branches of the nerve of the pterygoid canal go to the nasal cavity?

A

Lateral nasal and nasopalatine branches

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47
Q

Which branches of the nerve of the pterygoid canal go to the oral cavity?

A

Greater and lesser palatine branches

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48
Q

The maxillary nerve also provides ___ innervation to the same structures innervated by the parasympathetics in the nasal cavity.

A

Sensory

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49
Q

Sympathetic fibers from the deep petrosal nerve also innervate the same structures as the parasympathetics and V2. What does this cause?

A

Vasoconstriction of the arteries supplying the nasal mucosa and palate

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50
Q

What are the two regions of the oral cavity?

A
  1. Vestibule

2. Oral cavity proper

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51
Q

What is the region of the oral cavity bounded externally by the inside of the lips and cheeks and internally by the teeth?

A

Vestibule

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52
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity proper?

A

Superior: Hard and soft palate
Inferior: mylohyoid muscle
Anterior and lateral: teeth with gingiva and alveolar processes
Posterior: palatoglossal fold (beginning of oropharynx)

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53
Q

What makes up the hard palate?

A
  1. Alveolar bone of maxilla
  2. Maxillary teeth
  3. Palatine process of the maxilla
  4. Horizontal process of palatine bone
  5. Palatine glands (covered by mucosa)
  6. Palatal rugae (transverse palatine folds)
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54
Q

What are the 3 foramina of the hard palate?

A
  1. Incisive foramen (canal)
  2. Greater palatine foramen
  3. Lesser palatine foramen
55
Q

What transmits the nasopalatine nerve and terminal branches of the greater palatine artery?

A

Incisive foramen (canal)

56
Q

What transmits the greater palatine nerve and artery?

A

Greater palatine foramen

57
Q

What transmits the lesser palatine nerve and artery?

A

Lesser palatine foramen

58
Q

The fully developed adult maxilla and mandible contain ___ teeth.

A

32

59
Q

Each quadrant of teeth is made up of what teeth?

A
  1. Medial incisor (1)
  2. Lateral incisor (1)
  3. Canine (1)
  4. Premolars (2)
  5. Molars (3)
60
Q

What is the hardest substance in the body?

A

Tooth enamel

61
Q

What is the alveolus of the tooth made of?

A

Alveolar bone

62
Q

What is the root of the tooth made of?

A

Dentin

63
Q

What is the gingiva?

A

Gums

64
Q

What is the periodontal membrane?

A

Periosteum found around the tooth

65
Q

What holds the tooth in the alveolus?

A

Cementum

66
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A
  1. Levator veli palatini
  2. Tensor veli palatini
  3. Palatoglossus
  4. Palatopharyngeus
  5. Musculus uvulae
67
Q

What innervates all of the muscles of the soft palate except tensor veli palatini?

A

CN X via pharyngeal plexus

68
Q

What is the origin of levator veli palatini?

A

Temporal bone (petrous portion)

69
Q

What is the insertion of levator veli palatini?

A

Palatine aponeurosis

70
Q

What innervates levator veli palatini?

A

Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

71
Q

What is the function of levator veli palatini?

A

Elevates soft palate during swallowing

72
Q

What is the origin of tensor veli palatini?

A

Scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate, spine of sphenoid, pharyngotympanic tube

73
Q

What is the insertion of tensor veli palatini?

A

Palatine aponeurosis

74
Q

What innervates tensor veli palatini?

A

Mandibualr nerve

75
Q

What is the function of tensor veli palatini?

A

Tenses soft palate, opens pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing and yawning

76
Q

What is the origin of palatoglossus?

A

Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate

77
Q

What is the insertion of palatoglossus?

A

Lateral aspect of tongue

78
Q

What innervates palatoglossus?

A

Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

79
Q

What is the function of palatoglossus?

A

Elevates posterior tongue, depresses palate

80
Q

What is the origin of palatopharyngeus?

A

Hard palate, superior palatine aponeurosis

81
Q

What is the insertion of palatopharyngeus?

A

Lateral pharyngeal wall

82
Q

What innervates palatopharyngeus?

A

Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

83
Q

What is the function of palatopharyngeus?

A

Tenses soft palate; pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing

84
Q

What is the origin of musculus uvulae?

A

Nasal spine, palatine aponeurosis

85
Q

What is the insertion of musculus uvulae?

A

Mucosa of uvula

86
Q

What innervates musculus uvulae?

A

Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

87
Q

What is the function of musculus uvulae?

A

Shortens, elevates, and retracts uvula

88
Q

What supplies the hard palate?

A

Greater palatine artery (branch of descending palatine artery)

89
Q

What supplies the soft palate?

A

Lesser palatine artery and ascending palatine artery

90
Q

What supplies dentition?

A

Posterior superior alveolar artery, middle/anterior superior alveolar arteries

91
Q

What are the two sensory nerves of the palate?

A
  1. Greater palatine nerve

2. Nasopalatine nerve

92
Q

What supplies the teeth of the upper palate, molars, premolars, canines, and incisors?

A

Posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar nerves (branches of infraorbital nerve - CN V2)

93
Q

What supplies the mandibular teeth?

A

Inferior alveolar artery (CN V3)

94
Q

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue lies within the ___ and is known as the oral part of the tongue.

A

Oral cavity

95
Q

The posterior 1/3 of the tongue lies within the ___ and is known as the pharyngeal portion of the tongue.

A

Oropharynx

96
Q

What is contained in the pharyngeal portion of the tongue?

A

Lingual tonsil

97
Q

The oral and pharyngeal parts of the tongue are separated from one another by a V-shaped groove known as the ___.

A

Sulcus terminalis

98
Q

The tongue is attached posteriorly to the ___ by three folds of mucosa (two laterally placed lateral glossoepiglottic folds and a midline median glossoepiglottic fold).

A

Epiglottis

99
Q

Between each lateral glossoepiglottic fold and median glossoepiglottic fold is a depression called the ___.

A

Vallecular

100
Q

What innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

101
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Change the shape of the tongue

102
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. Genioglossus
  2. Hyoglossus
  3. Styloglossus
  4. Palatoglossus
103
Q

What is the origin of genioglossus?

A

Mental spine of mandible

104
Q

What is the insertion of genioglossus?

A

Dorsum of tongue, hyoid bone

105
Q

What innervates genioglossus?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

106
Q

What is the function of genioglossus?

A

Depresses and protrudes tongue

107
Q

What is the origin of hyoglossus?

A

Body and greater horn of hyoid bone

108
Q

What is the insertion of hyoglossus?

A

Lateral and inferior aspect of tongue

109
Q

What innervates hyoglossus?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

110
Q

What is the function of hyoglossus?

A

Depresses and retracts tongue

111
Q

What is the origin of styloglossus?

A

Styloid process and stylohyoid ligament

112
Q

What is the insertion of styloglossus?

A

Lateral and inferior aspect of tongue

113
Q

What innervates styloglossus?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

114
Q

What is the function of styloglossus?

A

Retracts tongue and draws it up for swallowing

115
Q

What is the origin of palatoglossus?

A

Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate

116
Q

What is the insertion of palatoglossus?

A

Lateral aspect of tongue

117
Q

What innervates palatoglossus?

A

Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

118
Q

What is the function of palatoglossus?

A

Elevates posterior tongue, depresses palate

119
Q

What is the midline attachment of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity and posterior gingival?

A

Lingual frenulum

120
Q

What are the serpentine folds lateral to the lingual frenulum which overlie the lingual veins?

A

Fimbriated folds

121
Q

What covers the sublingual glands and submandibular duct?

A

Sublingual folds

122
Q

What are elevations on each side of the lingual frenulum that contain the opening of the submandibular duct on each side?

A

Sublingual papilla (caruncula)

123
Q

What is contained in the floor of the oral cavity?

A
  1. Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
  2. Submandibular (Wharton’s) duct
  3. Lingual nerve
  4. Hypoglossal nerve
124
Q

What supplies blood to the tongue and sublingual area?

A

Lingual artery

125
Q

What are the three branches of the lingual artery?

A
  1. Dorsal lingual arteries
  2. Deep lingual artery
  3. Sublingual artery
126
Q

What supplies the motor innervation to the tongue?

A

CN XII (hypoglossal)

127
Q

What supplies sensory innervation to the tongue?

A

CN V and IX

128
Q

What supplies special taste fibers to the tongue?

A

VII and IX

129
Q

What supplies sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve (CN V3)

130
Q

What supplies taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani (from CN VII), carried by lingual nerve

131
Q

What supplies sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

132
Q

What supplies taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

133
Q

What supplies taste to the base of the tongue?

A

Vagus (CN X)

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