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SHB > 10.13.16 Deep Face > Flashcards

10.13.16 Deep Face Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the temporal fossa?

A
  1. Parietal
  2. Temporal
  3. Sphenoid (greater wing)
  4. Frontal (very small portion)
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2
Q

Where do the temporal and infratemporal fossae communicate?

A

Inferiorly, at the zygomatic arch

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3
Q

What is the pterion?

A

Junction of parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and frontal bones

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4
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery supply?

A

Meninges and skull

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5
Q

The middle meningeal artery runs deep to the ___ and is particularly vulnerable to injury in this region.

A

Pterion

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6
Q

What causes an epidural hematoma?

A

Rupture to the middle meningeal artery

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7
Q

What is the origin of temporalis?

A

Floor of temporal fossa, deep temporal fascia

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8
Q

What is the insertion of temporalis?

A

Coronoid process and ramus of mandible

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9
Q

What innervates temporalis?

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3), deep temporal nerves

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10
Q

What supplies temporalis?

A

Superficial temporal artery, maxillary artery, middle, anterior, and deep temporal arteries

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11
Q

What is the function of temporalis?

A

Elevates mandible; posterior fibers retrude mandible

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12
Q

What is the origin of masseter?

A

Zygomatic arch

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13
Q

What is the insertion of masseter?

A

Ramus of mandible, coronoid process

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14
Q

What innervates masseter?

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) via masseteric nerve

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15
Q

What is the function of masseter?

A

Elevates and protrudes mandible; deep fibers retrude it

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16
Q

What is the shape of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Wedge-shaped

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17
Q

The infratemporal fossa is located ___ to the temporal fossa.

A

Inferior

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18
Q

What is located in the medial superior border of the infratemporal fossa?

A

The infratemporal crest

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19
Q

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa (superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral)?

A
  1. Superior: zygomatic arch
  2. Inferior: mainly the posterior aspect of submandibular region
  3. Anterior: maxilla and inferior orbital fissure
  4. Posterior: external auditory meatus, small portion of the SCM, styloid process, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, condyle of the mandible, deep lobe of the parotid gland
  5. Lateral: ramus of the mandible, zygomatic process of temporal bone and zygomatic bone (temporal process)
  6. Medial: lateral pterygoid plate and pharyngeal musculature
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20
Q

Superomedially, the roof of the infratemporal fossa is formed partially by the inferior surfaces of the greater wing of the ___ and the ___ bone.

A

Sphenoid; temporal

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21
Q

What is contained superomedially in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Foramen ovale (V3), foramen spinosum (middle meningeal artery), petrotympanic fissure (chorda tympani nerve)

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22
Q

What does the anterior wall of the infratemporal fossa contain?

A

Alveolar foarmen, upper part opens as the infra-orbital fissure leading to the orbit

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23
Q

What does the lateral wall of the infratemporal fossa contain?

A

Mandibular foramen (inferior alveolar nerve and artery)

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24
Q

What does the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa contain?

A

Pterygomaxillary fissure in its anterior aspect which allows structures to pass first to the pterygopalatine fossa and then to the nasal cavity via sphenoplatine foramen

25
Q

What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  1. Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
  2. Maxillary artery and its branches
  3. Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and its branches
  4. Sensory and motor branches of the facial nerve - chorda tympani
  5. Branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve which synapse in the otic ganglion
  6. Inferior portion of the temporalis muscle
  7. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
  8. Spheromandibular and stylomandibbular ligaments
  9. Pterygoid plexus of veins
26
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication?

A

Medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, masster, temporalis

27
Q

What is the origin of lateral pterygoid?

A

Superior head: infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
Inferior head: lateral pterygoid plate

28
Q

What is the insertion of lateral pterygoid?

A

Pterygoid fovea, capsule of TMJ, articular disc

29
Q

What innervates lateral pterygoid?

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) - muscular branches from anterior division

30
Q

What supplies lateral pterygoid?

A

Maxillary artery (muscular branches)

31
Q

What is the function of lateral pterygoid?

A

Bilaterally: protrude mandible

Unilaterally and alternately: side-to-side grinding

32
Q

What is the origin of medial pterygoid?

A

Medial surface of lateral plate of pterygoid, pyramidal process of palatine bone, maxillary tuberosity

33
Q

What is the insertion of medial pterygoid?

A

Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible inferior to mandibular foramen

34
Q

What innervates medial pterygoid?

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) - nerve to medial pterygoid

35
Q

What supplies medial pterygoid?

A

Facial artery and maxillary artery

36
Q

What is the function of medial pterygoid?

A

Bilaterally: protrude and elevate mandible

Unilaterally and alternately: produces side-to-side movements

37
Q

What protracts the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid (most important), medial pterygoid, masseter (limited)

38
Q

What retracts the jaw?

A

Temporalis (posterior fibers), masseter (deep fibers)

39
Q

What elevates (closes) jaw?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

40
Q

What depresses (opens) jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid, digastric (primary anterior belly), mylohyoid, geniohyoid, infrahyoid, and gravity

41
Q

What laterally displaces jaw (grinding and chewing)?

A

Ipsilateral masseter and temporalis, contralateral medial and later pterygoids

42
Q

During lateral displacement, do the muscles of mastication act at once or in a series?

A

In a series

43
Q

All the muscles acting on the mandible directly or indirectly influence the function of the ___.

A

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

44
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of TMJ dysfunction?

A

Headaches, dizziness, “ear popping,” and jaw pain

45
Q

What type of joint is TMJ?

A

Synovial (diarthrodial), modified hinge joint (composed of right and left ellipsoidal joints forming a bicondylar articulation)

46
Q

Unlike other synovial joints, TMJ does not contain the usual hyaline cartilage. Instead, what does it contain?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue articular disc

47
Q

Each TMJ is divided into a superior and inferior compartment by its articular disc. Each part is a separate functional unit with its own special movement. Describe these.

A

1st movement: lower compartment (hinge movement - rotational - occurs first, opens jaw 1 finger breadth)

Second movement: upper compartment (sliding/gliding movement, opens jaw fully)

48
Q

The articular disc of TMJ moves with the ___.

A

Head of the mandible

49
Q

The ___ membrane of the joint capsule lines all non-articular surfaces of the upper and lower compartments of the joint, and attaches to the margins of the articular disc.

A

Synovial

50
Q

The ___ membrane of the joint capsule encloses the TMJ complex and is attached to the articular disc at its periphery to the inner aspect of this membrane.

A

Fibrous

51
Q

The ___ artery is divided into three regional parts by the lateral pterygoid muscle.

A

Maxillary

52
Q

What are the three regional parts of the maxillary artery?

A
  1. Mandibular part
  2. Pterygoid part
  3. Pterygopalatine part
53
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A
  1. Mandibular part:
    - Middle meningeal artery
    - Inferior alveolar artery
  2. Pterygoid part
    - Deep temporal artery (anterior and posterior)
    - Buccal artery
  3. Pterygopalatine part
    - Infraorbital artery
    - Posterior superior alveolar artery
    - Sphenoplatine artery

MIDBIPS

54
Q

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) is a ___ nerve carrying both motor and sensory fibers.

A

Mixed

55
Q

The mandibular division of CN V exits the middle cranial fossa via what foramen to enter the infratemporal fossa?

A

Foramen ovale

56
Q

The anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve is primarily ___; the posterior division is primarily ___.

A

Motor; sensory

57
Q

What are the anterior divisions of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. Buccal nerve (sensory)
  2. Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves
  3. Nerve to the lateral pterygoid muscle
  4. Nerve to the masseter muscle
58
Q

What are the posterior divisions of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. Auriculotemporal nerve
  2. Lingual nerve
  3. Inferior alveolar nerve

SHB (36 decks)

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