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10.13.16 Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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2
Q

The cranial nerves originate in the ___.

A

Brain

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve does not originate in the brain?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (originates in spine)

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4
Q

Which CN come out of the jugular foramen?

A

IX, X, XI

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5
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A 
I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Occulomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducens
VII: Facial
VIII: Acoustic
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus
XI: Spinal Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal
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6
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory

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7
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic

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8
Q

What is CN III?

A

Occulomotor

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9
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear

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10
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal

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11
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducens

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12
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial

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13
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

Acoustic

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14
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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15
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus

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16
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Spinal Accessory

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17
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal

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18
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN I?

A

Cribiform plate

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19
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN II?

A

Optic foramen (canal)

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20
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN III?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN IV?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN V - ophthalmic division?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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23
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN V - maxillary division?

A

Foramen rotundum

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24
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN - mandibular division?

A

Foramen ovale

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25
What is the foramen traversed by CN VI?
Superior orbital fissure
26
What is the foramen traversed by CN VII?
Internal auditory meatus
27
What is the foramen traversed by CN VIII?
Internal auditory meatus
28
What is the foramen traversed by CN IX?
Jugular foramen
29
What is the foramen traversed by CN X?
Jugular foramen
30
What is the foramen traversed by CN XI?
Jugular foramen and foramen magnum
31
What is the foramen traversed by CN XII?
Hypoglossal canal
32
Which two cranial nerves traverse the internal auditory meatus?
VII and VIII
33
Which 4 cranial nerves traverse the superior orbital fissure?
III, IV, V (ophthalmic division), VI
34
What is/are the component(s) of CN I?
1. SVA
35
What is/are the component(s) of CN II?
1. SSA
36
What is/are the component(s) of CN III?
1. GVE (parasymp) | 2. GSE
37
What is/are the component(s) of CN IV?
1. GSE
38
What is/are the component(s) of CN V?
1. GSA | 2. SVE
39
What is/are the component(s) of CN VI?
1. GSE
40
What is/are the component(s) of CN VII?
1. GVA 2. SVA 3. GSA 4. GVE 5. SVE
41
What is/are the component(s) of CN VIII?
1. SSA a. cochlear b. vestibular
42
What is/are the component(s) of CN IX?
1. GVA 2. SVA 3. GSA 4. GVE 5. SVE
43
What is/are the component(s) of CN X?
1. GVA 2. SVA 3. GSA 4. GVE 5. SVE
44
What is/are the component(s) of CN XI?
1. SVE
45
What is/are the component(s) of CN XII?
1. GSE
46
What are the main structures innervated by CN I?
Olfactory nasal mucosa (smell)
47
What are the main structures innervated by CN II?
Rods and cones of retina (vision)
48
What are the main structures innervated by CN III?
1. Sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles (via ciliary ganglion) 2. Superior, medial, and inferior recti and inferior oblique eyeball muscles and levator palpebrae superioris
49
What are the main structures innervated by CN IV?
Superior oblique eyeball muscle
50
What are the main structures innervated by CN V1?
Skin of upper part of face (upper orbit and above)
51
What are the main structures innervated by CN V2?
Skin of mid face, upper teeth, nasal, and palatal mucosa
52
What are the main structures innervated by CN V3?
Skin of lower face and jaw, floor of mouth, mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue, lower teeth and gums, ear pinna and canal Muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoids), anterior belly of digatric, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, tensor palatini (first arch muscles)
53
What are the main structures innervated by CN VI?
Motor to lateral rectus muscle
54
What are the main structures innervated by CN VII?
1. Deep sensory from soft palate 2. Taste buds from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue 3. Sensory from small part of ear pinna 4. Motor to submandibular and sublingual glands, lacrimal glands, glands in nasal mucosa 5. Motor to muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
55
What are the main structures innervated by CN VIII?
1. Organ of Corti in cochlear duct | 2. Semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule
56
What are the main structures innervated by CN IX?
`1. Deep sensory from posterior tongue, soft palate, pharynx, mucosa of tympanic cavity, posterior auditory tube, carotid body, and sinus 2. Taste buds in posterior 1/3 of tongue and adjacent pharynx 3. General sensory from small part of ear pinna and canal 4. Parotid salivary gland (secretomotor) 5. Stylopharyngeaus muscle
57
What are the main structures innervated by CN X?
1. Visceral sensory from pharynx, esophagus, trachea, larynx, and abdominal viscera 2. Taste buds in epiglottis and glottis 3. Sensory from small part of ear pinna, canal, and tympanic membrane 4. Thoracic and abdominal viscera 5. Muscles of pharynx and larynx, levator palatini, and cricothyroid
58
What are the main structures innervated by CN XI?
Motor to SCM and trapezius
59
What are the main structures innervated by CN XII?
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus)
60
What is a ganglion?
Group of cell bodies outside of the brain and spinal cord that house neurons (sensory or motor)
61
What are the seven functional components (abbreviations)?
1. GSE 2. GSA 3. GVE 4. GVA 5. SVE 6. SVA 7. SSA
62
What does GSE stand for?
General somatic efferent
63
What does GSA stand for?
General somatic afferent
64
What does GVE stand for?
General visceral efferent
65
What does GVA stand for?
General visceral afferent
66
What does SVE stand for?
Special visceral efferent
67
What does SVA stand for?
Special visceral afferent
68
What does SSA stand for?
Special sensory afferent
69
What is the function of GSE?
Motor to voluntary muscle
70
What is the function of GSA?
Sensation from skin, muscle, joints, bones
71
What is the function of GVE?
Motor to smooth muscle and glands (parasympathetics)
72
What is the function of GVA?
Sensation from internal organs
73
What is the function of SVE?
Voluntary motor to muscles that came from the pharyngeal/branchial arches (head muscles, trapezius, SCM)
74
What is the function of SVA?
Taste and smell
75
What is the function of SSA?
Vision, hearing, and balance
76
Which cranial nerves are parasympathetic (GVE)?
III, VII, IX, X
77
What is the name for a ganglion found inside the brain?
Nucleus
78
What is the route of CN I?
1. Olfactory nerves 2. Cribiform plate 3. Olfactory Bulb 4. Olfactory Tract
79
The cribiform plate is part of what bone?
Ethmoid bone
80
Where do the optic nerves cross? Which fibers cross?
Optic chiasm; nasal fibers cross, temporal fibers do not cross
81
What is the route of CN II?
1. Retina 2. Optic nerve 3. Optic canal 4. Optic chiasm 5. Optic tract
82
What does the sphincter pupillae do?
Makes pupil small
83
What do the ciliary muscles do?
Round up/fattens the lens
84
What are the parasympathetic (GVE) functions of CN III?
Motor to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles (shrink pupil, round up lens)
85
CN III synapses at an associated parasympathetic ___.
Ciliary ganglion
86
What eye muscles does CN III innervate?
1. Superior rectus 2. Medial rectus 3. Inferior rectus 4. Inferior oblique 5. Levator palpebrae
87
What eye muscles are NOT innervated by CN III?
1. Lateral rectus | 2. Superior oblique
88
The fattening of the lens is called ___.
Accommodation
89
The shrinking of the pupil is called ___.
Miosis
90
What is the route of CN III?
1. Brainstem 2. Cavernous sinus 3. Superior orbital fissure 4. Orbit
91
What are the 4 unique features of CN IV?
1. Only nerve to exit from the dorsal surface of the brain 2. Only nerve in which all lower motor neuron fibers cross 3. Longest intracranial course 4. Smallest number of axons
92
What is the route of CN IV?
1. Posterior brainstem 2. Cavernous sinus 3. Superior orbital fissure 4. Orbit
93
What does trochlea mean?
Pulley
94
What are the three parts of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
1. Ophthalmic 2. Maxillary 3. Mandibular
95
What is the route of CN V1?
1. Superior orbital fissure 2. Nasociliary - ethmoidals, ciliary, infratrochlear 3. Frontal -supraorbital (lateral), supratrochlear (medial) 4. Lacrimal
96
What is the route of CN V2?
1. Foramen rotundum | 2. Zygomatic, superior alveolar, infraorbital, palatine, nasopalatine, pharyngeal nerves
97
What is the route of CN V3?
1. Foramen ovale | 2. Meningeal branch, buccal nerve, auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar (becomes mental), lingual
98
The inferior alveolar nerve goes ___ mandible.
Into
99
The lingual nerve goes ___ the mandible to the tongue.
Under
100
What is the route of CN VI?
1. Brainstem 2. Cavernous sinus 3. Superior orbital fissure 4. Orbit
101
What nerve is used to see?
CN II
102
What nerve is used to focus?
CN III
103
What nerve is used when looking at bright light?
CN III (sphincter pupillae)
104
What nerve is used to open your eyes?
CN III (levator palpebrae)
105
What nerve do you use when you force your eyes closed?
CN VII
106
What nerve opens the pupil wide?
Sympathetics
107
Which nerve opens lid extra wide?
Sympathetics
108
What are the functions of the oblique eye muscles?
Inferior oblique (up and out) and Superior oblique (down and out) IO UO, SO DO
109
Chorda tympani is a branch of CN ___ but it runs with CN ___.
VII; V
110
CN V carries branches of which cranial nerve?
III, VII, IX
111
What is the route of CN VIII?
1. Organ of Corti (hearing) 2. Spiral ganglion 3. Cochlear nerve 4. Internal acoustic meatus 1. Utricle and saccule (movement) and semicircular canals (position) 2. Vestibular ganglion 3. Vestibular nerve 4. Internal acoustic meatus
112
What is the route of CN XII?
1. Brainstem | 2. Hypoglossal canal
113
What is caused by a CN VI lesion?
Loss of abduction of left eye
114
What is caused by a CN III lesion?
Downward and outward gaze, dilated pupil, eyelid manually elevated
115
What is caused by a CN XI lesion?
Cannot shrug shoulders, cannot turn head

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