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SHB > 10.13.16 Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

10.13.16 Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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2
Q

The cranial nerves originate in the ___.

A

Brain

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve does not originate in the brain?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (originates in spine)

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4
Q

Which CN come out of the jugular foramen?

A

IX, X, XI

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5
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A 
I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Occulomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducens
VII: Facial
VIII: Acoustic
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus
XI: Spinal Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal
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6
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory

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7
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic

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8
Q

What is CN III?

A

Occulomotor

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9
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear

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10
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal

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11
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducens

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12
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial

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13
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

Acoustic

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14
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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15
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus

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16
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Spinal Accessory

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17
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal

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18
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN I?

A

Cribiform plate

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19
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN II?

A

Optic foramen (canal)

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20
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN III?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN IV?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN V - ophthalmic division?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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23
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN V - maxillary division?

A

Foramen rotundum

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24
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN - mandibular division?

A

Foramen ovale

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25
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN VI?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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26
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN VII?

A

Internal auditory meatus

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27
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN VIII?

A

Internal auditory meatus

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28
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN IX?

A

Jugular foramen

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29
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN X?

A

Jugular foramen

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30
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN XI?

A

Jugular foramen and foramen magnum

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31
Q

What is the foramen traversed by CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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32
Q

Which two cranial nerves traverse the internal auditory meatus?

A

VII and VIII

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33
Q

Which 4 cranial nerves traverse the superior orbital fissure?

A

III, IV, V (ophthalmic division), VI

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34
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN I?

A
  1. SVA
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35
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN II?

A
  1. SSA
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36
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN III?

A
  1. GVE (parasymp)

2. GSE

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37
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN IV?

A
  1. GSE
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38
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN V?

A
  1. GSA

2. SVE

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39
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN VI?

A
  1. GSE
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40
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN VII?

A
  1. GVA
  2. SVA
  3. GSA
  4. GVE
  5. SVE
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41
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN VIII?

A
  1. SSA
    a. cochlear
    b. vestibular
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42
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN IX?

A
  1. GVA
  2. SVA
  3. GSA
  4. GVE
  5. SVE
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43
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN X?

A
  1. GVA
  2. SVA
  3. GSA
  4. GVE
  5. SVE
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44
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN XI?

A
  1. SVE
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45
Q

What is/are the component(s) of CN XII?

A
  1. GSE
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46
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN I?

A

Olfactory nasal mucosa (smell)

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47
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN II?

A

Rods and cones of retina (vision)

48
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN III?

A
  1. Sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles (via ciliary ganglion)
  2. Superior, medial, and inferior recti and inferior oblique eyeball muscles and levator palpebrae superioris
49
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN IV?

A

Superior oblique eyeball muscle

50
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN V1?

A

Skin of upper part of face (upper orbit and above)

51
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN V2?

A

Skin of mid face, upper teeth, nasal, and palatal mucosa

52
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN V3?

A

Skin of lower face and jaw, floor of mouth, mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue, lower teeth and gums, ear pinna and canal

Muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoids), anterior belly of digatric, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, tensor palatini (first arch muscles)

53
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN VI?

A

Motor to lateral rectus muscle

54
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN VII?

A
  1. Deep sensory from soft palate
  2. Taste buds from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  3. Sensory from small part of ear pinna
  4. Motor to submandibular and sublingual glands, lacrimal glands, glands in nasal mucosa
  5. Motor to muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
55
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN VIII?

A
  1. Organ of Corti in cochlear duct

2. Semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule

56
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN IX?

A

`1. Deep sensory from posterior tongue, soft palate, pharynx, mucosa of tympanic cavity, posterior auditory tube, carotid body, and sinus

  1. Taste buds in posterior 1/3 of tongue and adjacent pharynx
  2. General sensory from small part of ear pinna and canal
  3. Parotid salivary gland (secretomotor)
  4. Stylopharyngeaus muscle
57
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN X?

A
  1. Visceral sensory from pharynx, esophagus, trachea, larynx, and abdominal viscera
  2. Taste buds in epiglottis and glottis
  3. Sensory from small part of ear pinna, canal, and tympanic membrane
  4. Thoracic and abdominal viscera
  5. Muscles of pharynx and larynx, levator palatini, and cricothyroid
58
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN XI?

A

Motor to SCM and trapezius

59
Q

What are the main structures innervated by CN XII?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus)

60
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Group of cell bodies outside of the brain and spinal cord that house neurons (sensory or motor)

61
Q

What are the seven functional components (abbreviations)?

A
  1. GSE
  2. GSA
  3. GVE
  4. GVA
  5. SVE
  6. SVA
  7. SSA
62
Q

What does GSE stand for?

A

General somatic efferent

63
Q

What does GSA stand for?

A

General somatic afferent

64
Q

What does GVE stand for?

A

General visceral efferent

65
Q

What does GVA stand for?

A

General visceral afferent

66
Q

What does SVE stand for?

A

Special visceral efferent

67
Q

What does SVA stand for?

A

Special visceral afferent

68
Q

What does SSA stand for?

A

Special sensory afferent

69
Q

What is the function of GSE?

A

Motor to voluntary muscle

70
Q

What is the function of GSA?

A

Sensation from skin, muscle, joints, bones

71
Q

What is the function of GVE?

A

Motor to smooth muscle and glands (parasympathetics)

72
Q

What is the function of GVA?

A

Sensation from internal organs

73
Q

What is the function of SVE?

A

Voluntary motor to muscles that came from the pharyngeal/branchial arches (head muscles, trapezius, SCM)

74
Q

What is the function of SVA?

A

Taste and smell

75
Q

What is the function of SSA?

A

Vision, hearing, and balance

76
Q

Which cranial nerves are parasympathetic (GVE)?

A

III, VII, IX, X

77
Q

What is the name for a ganglion found inside the brain?

A

Nucleus

78
Q

What is the route of CN I?

A
  1. Olfactory nerves
  2. Cribiform plate
  3. Olfactory Bulb
  4. Olfactory Tract
79
Q

The cribiform plate is part of what bone?

A

Ethmoid bone

80
Q

Where do the optic nerves cross? Which fibers cross?

A

Optic chiasm; nasal fibers cross, temporal fibers do not cross

81
Q

What is the route of CN II?

A
  1. Retina
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Optic canal
  4. Optic chiasm
  5. Optic tract
82
Q

What does the sphincter pupillae do?

A

Makes pupil small

83
Q

What do the ciliary muscles do?

A

Round up/fattens the lens

84
Q

What are the parasympathetic (GVE) functions of CN III?

A

Motor to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles (shrink pupil, round up lens)

85
Q

CN III synapses at an associated parasympathetic ___.

A

Ciliary ganglion

86
Q

What eye muscles does CN III innervate?

A
  1. Superior rectus
  2. Medial rectus
  3. Inferior rectus
  4. Inferior oblique
  5. Levator palpebrae
87
Q

What eye muscles are NOT innervated by CN III?

A
  1. Lateral rectus

2. Superior oblique

88
Q

The fattening of the lens is called ___.

A

Accommodation

89
Q

The shrinking of the pupil is called ___.

A

Miosis

90
Q

What is the route of CN III?

A
  1. Brainstem
  2. Cavernous sinus
  3. Superior orbital fissure
  4. Orbit
91
Q

What are the 4 unique features of CN IV?

A
  1. Only nerve to exit from the dorsal surface of the brain
  2. Only nerve in which all lower motor neuron fibers cross
  3. Longest intracranial course
  4. Smallest number of axons
92
Q

What is the route of CN IV?

A
  1. Posterior brainstem
  2. Cavernous sinus
  3. Superior orbital fissure
  4. Orbit
93
Q

What does trochlea mean?

A

Pulley

94
Q

What are the three parts of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A
  1. Ophthalmic
  2. Maxillary
  3. Mandibular
95
Q

What is the route of CN V1?

A
  1. Superior orbital fissure
  2. Nasociliary - ethmoidals, ciliary, infratrochlear
  3. Frontal -supraorbital (lateral), supratrochlear (medial)
  4. Lacrimal
96
Q

What is the route of CN V2?

A
  1. Foramen rotundum

2. Zygomatic, superior alveolar, infraorbital, palatine, nasopalatine, pharyngeal nerves

97
Q

What is the route of CN V3?

A
  1. Foramen ovale

2. Meningeal branch, buccal nerve, auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar (becomes mental), lingual

98
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve goes ___ mandible.

A

Into

99
Q

The lingual nerve goes ___ the mandible to the tongue.

A

Under

100
Q

What is the route of CN VI?

A
  1. Brainstem
  2. Cavernous sinus
  3. Superior orbital fissure
  4. Orbit
101
Q

What nerve is used to see?

A

CN II

102
Q

What nerve is used to focus?

A

CN III

103
Q

What nerve is used when looking at bright light?

A

CN III (sphincter pupillae)

104
Q

What nerve is used to open your eyes?

A

CN III (levator palpebrae)

105
Q

What nerve do you use when you force your eyes closed?

A

CN VII

106
Q

What nerve opens the pupil wide?

A

Sympathetics

107
Q

Which nerve opens lid extra wide?

A

Sympathetics

108
Q

What are the functions of the oblique eye muscles?

A

Inferior oblique (up and out) and Superior oblique (down and out)

IO UO, SO DO

109
Q

Chorda tympani is a branch of CN ___ but it runs with CN ___.

A

VII; V

110
Q

CN V carries branches of which cranial nerve?

A

III, VII, IX

111
Q

What is the route of CN VIII?

A
  1. Organ of Corti (hearing)
  2. Spiral ganglion
  3. Cochlear nerve
  4. Internal acoustic meatus
  5. Utricle and saccule (movement) and semicircular canals (position)
  6. Vestibular ganglion
  7. Vestibular nerve
  8. Internal acoustic meatus
112
Q

What is the route of CN XII?

A
  1. Brainstem

2. Hypoglossal canal

113
Q

What is caused by a CN VI lesion?

A

Loss of abduction of left eye

114
Q

What is caused by a CN III lesion?

A

Downward and outward gaze, dilated pupil, eyelid manually elevated

115
Q

What is caused by a CN XI lesion?

A

Cannot shrug shoulders, cannot turn head

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