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SHB > 10.12.16 Anterior Neck > Flashcards

10.12.16 Anterior Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are three synonyms for “neck”?

A

Cervix, collum, nucha

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2
Q

What landmark of the neck serves as a pressure point to decrease bleeding of the upper extremity?

A

Supraclavicular fossa

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3
Q

What is the unpaired bone that lies superior to the laryngeal prominence?

A

Hyoid bone

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4
Q

What are the three components of the hyoid bone?

A

Body, greater horns, lesser horns

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5
Q

What are the two types of cartilage attached to the hyoid bone?

A

Thyroid and cricoid cartilage

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6
Q

What does the thyroid cartilage consist of and where is it located?

A

Laminae, superior horn, inferior horn; located inferior to the hyoid bone and superior to the cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

What does the cricoid cartilage consist of and where is it located?

A

Lamina (which faces posteriorly) and arch (anterior ring which lies between the thyroid cartilage and the first tracheal “ring”)

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8
Q

What are the fascial layers of the neck?

A
  1. Investing layer of dense connective tissue
  2. Infrahyoid fascia
  3. Pretrachial fascia
  4. Carotid sheath
  5. Prevertebral (deep cervical) fascia
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9
Q

What fascial layer of the neck is a sleeve binding all structures in the neck?

A

Investing layer of dense connective tissue

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10
Q

What fascial layer of the neck surrounds sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

A

Investing layer of dense connective tissue

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11
Q

What fascial layer of the neck covers the suprahyoid and infrahyoid (strap) muscle?

A

Infrahyoid fascia

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12
Q

What fascial layer of the neck covers the thyroid and parathyroid glands, the trachea, and the esophagus?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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13
Q

What fascial layer of the neck encloses the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve?

A

Carotid sheath

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14
Q

What fascial layer of the neck covers the vertebral musculature?

A

Prevertebral (deep cervical) fascia

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15
Q

What are the layers of the neck, beginning with the skin?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia
  3. Platysma muscle
  4. Investing layer of dense connective tissue
  5. Infrahyoid fascia
  6. Pretracheal fascia
  7. Carotid sheath
  8. Prevertebral (deep cervical) fascia
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16
Q

What are the three superficial muscles of the neck?

A
  1. Platysma
  2. Sternocleidomastoid
  3. Trapezius
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17
Q

What is the origin of platysma?

A

Skin below clavicle, upper thorax

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18
Q

What is the insertion of platysma?

A

Mandible, oral muscles

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19
Q

What innervates platysma?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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20
Q

What supplies platysma?

A

Submental artery, suprascapular artery

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21
Q

What is the function of platysma?

A

Tenses skin of neck

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22
Q

What is the origin of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Sternal head: anterior surface of the manubrium

Clavicular head: superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle

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23
Q

What is the insertion of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process; lateral half of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

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24
Q

What innervates sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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25
Q

What is the function of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Bilaterally: flex neck, raise thorax
Unilaterally: rotate face toward opposite side

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26
Q

What is the origin of trapezius?

A

Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12

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27
Q

What is the insertion of trapezius?

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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28
Q

What innervates trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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29
Q

What supplies trapezius?

A

Transverse cervical artery, posterior intercostal arteries (dorsal perforating branches)

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30
Q

What is the function of trapezius?

A

Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates scapula

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31
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck (anterior, posterior, superior, apex, roof, floor)?

A

Anterior: anterior median line
Posterior: sternocleidomastoid
Superior: inferior border of the mandible
Apex: jugular notch
Roof: subcutaneous fascia and platysma
Floor: pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland covered by pretracheal fascia

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32
Q

The anterior and posterior bellies of ___, along with the superior belly of ___ further divide the anterior triangle into several smaller triangles.

A

Digastric; omohyoid

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33
Q

What are the four triangles of the anterior triangle?

A
  1. Submandibular
  2. Submental
  3. Carotid
  4. Muscular
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34
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle (anteroinferior, posteroinferior, superior)?

A

Anteroinferior: anterior belly of the digastric
Posteroinferior: posterior belly of the digastric
Superior: inferior border of mandible

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35
Q

What is the only unpaired triangle?

A

Submental triangle

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36
Q

What are the borders of the submental triangle (left and right borders, inferior)?

A

Left and right borders: left and right anterior bellies of the digastric muscles
Inferior (base): hyoid bone
Floor: mylohyoid

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37
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle (anteroinferior, anterosuperior, posterior)?

A

Anteroinferior: superior belly of omohyoid
Anterosuperior: posterior belly of digastric
Posterior: sternocleidomastoid (anterior surface)

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38
Q

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A

Anterior: anterior median line
Posterosuperior: superior belly of omohyoid
Posteroinferior: sternocleidomastoid

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39
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. Digastric
  2. Geniohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Stylohyoid
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40
Q

What is the origin of digastric?

A

Anterior belly: digastric fossa of mandible

Posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone

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41
Q

What is the insertion of digastric?

A

Intermediate tendon attached to body of hyoid

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42
Q

What innervates digastric?

A

Anterior belly: nerve to mylohyoid (CN V3)

Posterior belly: facial nerve (CN VII)

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43
Q

What supplies digastric?

A

Anterior belly: submental artery (branches)

Posterior belly: posterior auricular artery (muscular branches), occipital artery (muscular branches)

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44
Q

What is the function of digastric?

A

Raises hyoid bone and base of tongue, steadies hyoid bone, opens mouth by lowering mandible

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45
Q

The digastric has an ___ which is attached to the hyoid via a fascial ___. What does this do?

A

Intermediate tendon; sling; divides digastric into anterior and posterior bellies

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46
Q

What divides digastric into anterior and posterior bellies?

A

Intermediate tendon attached to the hyoid via a fascial sling

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47
Q

What is the origin of geniohyoid?

A

Inferior genial tubercle on back of symphysis of mandible

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48
Q

What is the insertion of geniohyoid?

A

Anterior surface of body of hyoid bone

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49
Q

What innervates geniohyoid?

A

Branch of C1, runs with hypoglassal nerve (CN XII)

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50
Q

What supplies geniohyoid?

A

Lingual artery (sublingual branch)

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51
Q

What is the function of geniohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid bone and depresses mandible

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52
Q

What is the origin of mylohyoid?

A

Mylohyoid line of mandible

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53
Q

What is the insertion of mylohyoid?

A

Median raphe and body of hyoid bone

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54
Q

What innervates mylohyoid?

A

Nerve to mylohyoid (CN V3, branch of trigeminal nerve)

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55
Q

What supplies mylohyoid?

A

Lingual artery (sublingual branch), facial artery (submental branch)

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56
Q

What is the function of mylohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid bone, base of tongue, floor of mouth; depresses mandible

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57
Q

What forms the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Mylohyoid

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58
Q

What is the origin of stylohyoid?

A

Posterior border of styloid process

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59
Q

What is the insertion of stylohyoid?

A

Body of hyoid bone at junction with greater horn

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60
Q

What innervates stylohyoid?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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61
Q

What supplies stylohyoid?

A

Facial artery (muscular branches), occipital artery (muscular branches)

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62
Q

What is the function of stylohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue

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63
Q

What is deep to mylohyoid?

A

Geniohyoid

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64
Q

Before inserting onto the hyoid bone, ___ splits and wraps around the intermediate tendon of the digastric.

A

Stylohyoid

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65
Q

Generally, the suprahyoid muscles function to ___ the hyo-laryngeal complex during swallowing and vocalization. They also assist in depression of the ___.

A

Raise; mandible

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66
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  1. Omohyoid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. Thyrohyoid
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67
Q

The ___ also has an intermediate tendon which is held to the clavicle by a fibrous ___. What does this do?

A

Omohyoid; sling; divides the omohyoid into superior and inferior bellies

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68
Q

Generally, what do the infrahyoid muscles do?

A

Lower either the hyoid or thyroid cartilages or stabilize them during vocalization and jaw opening; thyrohyoid may also help raise the thyroid cartilage

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69
Q

What is the origin of omohyoid?

A

Inferior belly: from upper border of scapula and suprascapular ligament, ending in tendon under sternocleidomastoid
Superior belly: from this tendon

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70
Q

What is the insertion of omohyoid?

A

Inferior belly: to intermediate tendon

Superior belly: to body of hyoid bone

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71
Q

What innervates omohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus, C1-C3)

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72
Q

What supplies omohyoid?

A

Lingual artery (hyoid branch), superior thyroid artery (sternocleidomastoid branch)

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73
Q

What is the function of omohyoid?

A

Steadies hyoid bone and depresses hyoid

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74
Q

What is the origin of sternohyoid?

A

Posterior surface of manubrium sterni, posterior sternoclavicular ligament, medial end of clavicle

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75
Q

What is the insertion of sternohyoid?

A

Medial part of lower border of body of hyoid bone

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76
Q

What innervates sternohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus, C1-C3)

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77
Q

What supplies sternohyoid?

A

Superior thyroid artery (sternocleidomastoid and hyoid branches), lingual artery (hyoid branch)

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78
Q

What is the function of sternohyoid?

A

Depresses larynx and hyoid bone, steadies hyoid bone

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79
Q

What is the origin of sternothyroid?

A

Posterior surface of manubrium sterni, posterior sternoclavicular ligament, medial end of clavicle

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80
Q

What is the insertion of sternothyroid?

A

Oblique line on lamina of thryoid cartilage

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81
Q

What innervate sternothyroid?

A

Ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus, C1-C3)

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82
Q

What supplies sternothyroid?

A

Superior thryoid artery (cricothyroid branch)

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83
Q

What is the function of sternothyroid?

A

Depresses larynx and thyroid cartilage

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84
Q

What is the origin of thyrohyoid?

A

Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage

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85
Q

What is the insertion of thyrohyoid?

A

Lower border of body and greater horn of hyoid bone

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86
Q

What innervates thryohyoid?

A

C1 nerve (thyrohyoid branch via hypoglassal nerve - CN XII)

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87
Q

What supplies thyrohyoid?

A

Superior thyroid artery (hyoid branch)

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88
Q

What is the function of thyrohyoid?

A

Depresses larynx and hyoid bone, elevates thyroid cartilage

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89
Q

What is the origin of cricothyroid?

A

Anterior cricoid cartilage

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90
Q

What is the insertion of cricothyroid?

A

Inferior border of thryoid cartilage and its inferior horn

91
Q

What innervates cricothyroid?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve (external branch)

92
Q

What supplies cricothyroid?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

93
Q

What is the function of cricothyroid?

A

Lengthens and tenses vocal ligaments

94
Q

Which of the hyoid (strap) muscles is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)?

A

Posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid

95
Q

Which of the hyoid (strap) muscles is innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid (CN V3)?

A

Anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid

96
Q

Which of the hyoid (strap) muscles is innervated by ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)?

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

97
Q

Which of the hyoid (strap) muscles is innervated by C1 (traveling with the hypoglassal)?

A

Thyrohyoid and geniohyoid

98
Q

How is the hyoid bone held in place?

A

Anchored by muscles from the anterior, posterior, and inferior directions

99
Q

What are the three general functions of the hyoid bone?

A

Aiding in tongue movement, vocalization, and swallowing

100
Q

During swallowing, the ___ muscles are relaxed and the ___ are contracted.

A

Infrahyoids; suprahyoids

101
Q

During jaw opening (depression of mandible against resistance), the infrahyoids and suprahyoids are ___, stabilizing the hyoid bone.

A

Contracted

102
Q

During vocalization, suprahyoids and infrahyoids alternate contractions and relaxation. What is this dependent upon?

A

The sounds you are making

103
Q

What are the 8 contents of the submandibular triangle?

A
  1. Submandibular gland
  2. Submandibular lymph nodes
  3. Mylohyoid nerve (CN V3)
  4. Facial artery (and vein) with submental branch
  5. Lingual artery
  6. Submandibular duct
  7. Lingual nerve (CN V3) and submandibular ganglion
  8. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
104
Q

The facial vein passes ___ to the submandibular gland; the facial artery passes ___ to the submandibular gland.

A

Superficial; Deep/through

105
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

Lymph nodes and small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein

106
Q

The carotid triangle contains the superior portion of the ___ artery, a large part of the ___ artery, and the ___ artery and many of its branches.

A

Common carotid; internal carotid; external carotid

107
Q

What artery is responsible for supplying the neck and face (superficial and deep)?

A

External carotid artery

108
Q

The aortic arch has three large branches - what are they?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk (divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery)
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian artery
109
Q

What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

110
Q

The common carotid artery divides into the internal and external carotid arteries at the level of the ___.

A

Hyoid bone

111
Q

Each internal carotid artery ascends the neck (with no major branches) to enter the cranial cavity via the ___.

A

Carotid foramen

112
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

The orbit, pituitary gland, and a large part of each cerebral hemisphere

113
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply?

A

Neck and face (superficial and deep)

114
Q

What does the carotid triangle contain?

A

The superior portion of the common carotid artery, a large part of the internal carotid artery, and the external carotid artery and many of its branches.

115
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

SALFORMS:

  1. Superior thyroid artery
  2. Ascending pharyngeal artery
  3. Lingual artery
  4. Facial artery
  5. Occipital artery
  6. Posterior Auricular artery
  7. Superficial temporal artery
  8. Maxillary artery
116
Q

What does the superior thyroid artery supply?

A

Thryoid gland, infrahyoid region, larynx

117
Q

What branches from the superior thyroid artery?

A

Superior laryngeal artery

118
Q

The superior laryngeal artery pierces the ___ membrane with the internal laryngeal nerve.

A

Thryohyoid

119
Q

What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

A

Pharynx, prevertebral muscles, meninges (via jugular and hypoglossal canals), tympanic membrane, soft palate

120
Q

What does the lingual artery supply?

A

Tongue, oral mucosa, suprahyoid region, sublingual gland, tonsils

121
Q

The lingual artery runs deep to the ___ muscle.

A

Hypoglossus

122
Q

What does the facial artery supply?

A

Submandibular gland, lips, nose, facial muscles, angle of the eye

123
Q

The facial artery runs deep to the ___.

A

Submandibular gland

124
Q

What does the occipital artery supply?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, meninges, posterior scalp

125
Q

The occipital artery is held against the ___ artery by the hypoglassal nerve (CN XII).

A

External carotid

126
Q

What does the posterior auricular artery supply?

A

Tympanic membrane, ear, posterior scalp

127
Q

What does the superficial temporal artery supply?

A

Parotid gland, ear, face, zygomatic and temporal regions of the face

128
Q

What branch does the superficial temporal artery give off before ascending?

A

Transverse facial artery

129
Q

What does the maxillary artery supply?

A

Infratemporal fossa, nasal cavity, superior pharynx

130
Q

What nerves does the carotid triangle contain?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X), spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), sympathetic chain, cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)

131
Q

What nerve runs between the internal carotid and the internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

132
Q

What nerve enters the carotid triangle from behind the posterior belly of digastric and runs to the posterior aspect of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

133
Q

What nerve enters the carotid triangle from behind the posterior belly of digastric, then runs anterior, slightly inferior, exits the triangle, and loops into the floor of the mouth?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

134
Q

What nerve is located behind the posterior wall of the carotid sheath?

A

Cervical sympathetic trunk (chain)

135
Q

What are the branches of the vagus nerve?

A
  1. Pharyngeal branch
  2. Superior laryngeal nerve (internal and external laryngeal nerves)
  3. Nerve to the carotid body
  4. Cardiac nerves
  5. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
136
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve participates in the pharyngeal plexus, which supplies motor innervation to the pharynx and palate?

A

Pharyngeal branch

137
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve divides to form two branches?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

138
Q

The ___ nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane along with the superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery to provide sensory innervation to laryngeal structures above the true vocal folds.

A

Internal laryngeal

139
Q

The ___ nerve courses inferiorly to supply the cricothyroid muscle of the larynx.

A

External laryngeal

140
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve provides sensory innervation to the carotid body, a chemoreceptor?

A

Nerve to the carotid body

141
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve enters the thorax and participates in the cardiac plexus of nerves to the heart?

A

Cardiac nerves

142
Q

Describe the path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve on the right.

A

Loops around the subclavian artery (anterior to posterior), runs in the groove between the trachea and the esophagus

143
Q

What provides motor innervation to all of the muscles of vocalization except cricothyroid?

A

The right portion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

144
Q

Describe the path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve on the left.

A

Wraps around the arch of the aorta (anterior to posterior) just lateral to the ligamentum anteriosum

145
Q

Although the number may vary, there are usually three cervical sympathetic ganglia. What are they?

A
  1. Superior (C1-C4)
  2. Middle (C5-C6)
  3. Inferior (C7-C8)
146
Q

The superior (C1-C4) ganglion of the cervical sympathetic chain supplies structures of the head via the ___. It also supplies the superior cardiac nerves which participate in the ___.

A

Internal carotid plexus; cardiac plexus

147
Q

Interruption of the sympathetic chain in the neck can result in ___ Syndrome.

A

Horner’s

148
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Ptosis of the affected eyelid, miosis of the affected pupil, and anhydrosis (lack of sweating) on the affected side; reddening of the skin of the face is also frequently present on the affected side

149
Q

Which cervical sympathetic ganglia may be absent?

A

Middle (C5-C6)

150
Q

What does the middle cervical symapthetic ganglia do?

A

Supplies the thyroid gland and the middle cardiac nerve, gives branches to run with the external carotid artery and its branches, thereby affecting vasoconstriction.

151
Q

What is the ansa subclavia?

A

Branch from the middle cervical sympathetic ganglion that passes around the subclavian artery and runs to the inferior ganglion

152
Q

Which cervical sympathetic ganglion frequently fuses with the first thoracic ganglion to form the stellate (cervicothoracic ganglion)?

A

Inferior (C7-C8)

153
Q

What is the root of the neck (deep neck)?

A

The region in or near the superior thoracic aperture

154
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture (posterior, lateral, anterior)?

A

Posterior: first thoracic vertebra
Lateral: first ribs
Anterior: superior aspect of the manubrium

155
Q

What are the 8 important structures of the root of the neck?

A
  1. Subclavian arteries and veins, and their branches
  2. Vagus nerve
  3. Phrenic nerve
  4. Sympathetic chain
  5. recurrent laryngeal nerve
  6. Thoracic duct
  7. Common carotid arteries
  8. Apices of the left and right lungs and their pleural coverings (cupulae)
156
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian artery?

A

VIT C and sometimes D:

  1. Vertebral artery
  2. Internal thoracic artery
  3. Thyrocervical trunk
  4. Costocervical trunk
  5. Dorsal scapular artery
157
Q

The lympathics of the face and head drain inferiorly into the ___.

A

Pericervical lymphatic collar

158
Q

The pericervical lymphatic collar consists of a series of connected lymph nodes which form a chain that encircles the junction of the head and neck. What are the groups of nodes, from posterior to anterior?

A
  1. Occipital
  2. Postauricular (retroauricular)
  3. Preauricular
  4. Buccal
  5. Submandibular
  6. Submental
159
Q

The lymph nodes of the neck are drained by lymphatic channels which eventually drain into the ___, which are located along the internal jugular vein.

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

160
Q

The deep cervical lymph nodes empty into jugular trunks and then into the ___ on the left and the ___ on the right.

A

Thoracic duct; right lymphatic duct

161
Q

What are the main functions of lympathics?

A
  1. Drainage of tissue fluid
  2. Collection of lymph plasma from tissue spaces
  3. Transport of lymph to the venous system via lymphatic vessels and nodes
  4. Absorption and transport of fat from the digestive system
  5. Formation of a defense mechanism for the body
162
Q

Where is the thoracic duct located?

A

The left side of the neck only

163
Q

The thoracic duct receives lymphatic drainage from the entire body except what three things?

A

The right head and neck, right upper extremity, and right thorax

164
Q

Describe the path of the thoracic duct upon entry to the root of the neck.

A

Passes through the superior thoracic aperture, posteriorly and laterally to the left carotid sheath, and then loops anteriorly to enter the venous system at the junction of the left internal jugular vein with the left subclavian vein.

165
Q

The right lymphatic duct empties into either the right ___ or the right ___. It may also drain into the ___ of these two veins.

A

Internal jugular vein; subclavian vein; bifurcation

166
Q

The ___ and its membranous covering (pleura) enter the root of the neck and extend approximately one inch above the medial third of the clavicle. The pleura in this region are known as cervical pleura or cupula.

A

Lung

167
Q

The ___ and ___ lie in the midline and allow for passage of food from the oral cavity through the neck, thorax, and eventually to the abdomen.

A

Pharynx; esophagus

168
Q

The ___ and ___ lie anterior to the esophagus and function in vocalization and passage of air to the lungs.

A

Pharynx; esophagus

169
Q

The ___ lies in contact with the inferior larynx and the superior trachea anteriolaterally.

A

Thyroid gland

170
Q

The left and right lobes of the thyroid gland are united in the midline by the ___, which covers the anterior aspect of the second to fourth tracheal rings.

A

Isthmus

171
Q

Occasionally, a small triangular-shaped piece of glandular tissue will rise superiorly from the isthmus of the thyroid gland. What is this?

A

Pyramidal lobe (remnant of embryological thyroglossal duct)

172
Q

Which arteries provide the blood supply to the thyroid gland?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

173
Q

The symapthetics reach the thyroid gland via which ganglion?

A

Middle cervical

174
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

175
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

Posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

176
Q

Parathyroid glands secrete ___ hormone, a small protein that takes part in the control of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, as well as bone growth and metabolism.

A

Parathryoid

177
Q

What is the sole purpose of the parathyroid gland?

A

Regulating calcium levels in the body within a very narrow range

178
Q

What are the anterior prevertebral muscles?

A
  1. Longus coli
  2. Longus capitis
  3. Rectus capitis anterior
  4. Anterior scalene
179
Q

What are the lateral prevertebral muscles?

A
  1. Rectus capitis lateralis
  2. Splenius capitis
  3. Levator scapulae
  4. Middle and posterior scalenes
180
Q

What is the origin of longus colli?

A

Vertical portion: C5-T3 vertebrae
Inferior oblique portion: T1-T3 vertebrae
Superior oblique portion: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C5 vertebrae

181
Q

What is the insertion of longus colli?

A

Vertical portion: C2-C4 vertebrae
Inferior oblique portion: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C6 vertebrae
Superior oblique portion: tubercle of anterior arch of atlas

182
Q

What innervates longus colli?

A

Ventral primary rami of cervical nerves (C2-C8)

183
Q

What supplies longus colli?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery (prevertebral branches), ascending cervical artery (muscular branches), vertebral artery (muscular branches)

184
Q

What is the function of longus colli?

A

Bilaterally: flex and rotate cervical vertebrae and head
Unilaterally: flex vertebral column laterally

185
Q

What is the origin of longus capitis?

A

Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6

186
Q

What is the insertion of longus capitis?

A

Inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone

187
Q

What innervates longus capitis?

A

Ventral rami of cervical nerves (C1-C4)

188
Q

What supplies longus capitis?

A

Inferior thyroid artery (ascending cervical branch), ascending pharyngeal artery, vertebral artery (muscular branches)

189
Q

What is the function of longus capitis?

A

Flexes and assists in rotating cervical vertebrae and head

190
Q

What is the origin of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Lateral mass of atlas

191
Q

What is the insertion of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Base of occipital bone in front of foramen magnum

192
Q

What innervates rectus capitis anterior?

A

Ventral rami of cervical nerves (C1-C2)

193
Q

What supplies rectus capitis anterior?

A

Vertebral artery (muscular branches), ascending pharyngeal artery

194
Q

What is the function of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Flexes head

195
Q

What is the origin of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Upper surface of transverse process of atlas

196
Q

What is the insertion of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Inferior surface of jugular process of occipital bone

197
Q

What innervates rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Ventral rami of cervical nerves (C1-C2)

198
Q

What supplies rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Vertebral artery (muscular branches), occipital artery, ascending pharyngeal artery

199
Q

What is the function of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Flexes head laterally to same side

200
Q

What is the origin of anterior scalene?

A

Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6

201
Q

What is the insertion of anterior scalene?

A

Scalene tubercle on 1st rib

202
Q

What innervates anterior scalene?

A

Anterior rami of cervical nerves (C5-C8)

203
Q

What supplies anterior scalene?

A

Inferior thyroid artery (ascending cervical branch)

204
Q

What is the function of anterior scalene?

A

Elevates 1st rib, bends neck

205
Q

What is the origin of middle scalene?

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-C7

206
Q

What is the insertion of middle scalene?

A

Upper surface of 1st rib (behind subclavian groove)

207
Q

What innervates middle scalene?

A

Anterior rami of cervical nerves (C3-C7)

208
Q

What supplies middle scalene?

A

Ascending cervical artery (muscular branches)

209
Q

What is the function of middle scalene?

A

Elevates 1st rib, bends neck

210
Q

What is the origin of posterior scalene?

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C6

211
Q

What is the insertion of posterior scalene?

A

Outer surface of second rib (behind attachment of serratus anterior)

212
Q

What innervates posterior scalene?

A

Anterior rami of cervical nerves (C5-C8)

213
Q

What supplies posterior scalene?

A

Inferior thyroid artery (muscular branches of ascending cervical division), transverse cervical artery (superficial branch)

214
Q

What is the function of posterior scalene?

A

Elevates 2nd rib, bends neck

215
Q

What is the origin of splenius capitis?

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T3

216
Q

What is the insertion of splenius capitis?

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral third of superior nuchal line

217
Q

What innervates splenius capitis?

A

Dorsal rami of middle cervical nerves

218
Q

What supplies splenius capitis?

A

Occipital artery (descending branch), deep cervical artery

219
Q

What is the function of splenius capitis?

A

Bilaterally: extends head
Unilaterally: flexes and rotates face to same side

220
Q

What is the origin of levator scapulae?

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4

221
Q

What is the insertion of levator scapulae?

A

Medial border of scapula from superior angle to spine

222
Q

What innervates levator scapulae?

A

Ventral rami of C3-C4 and dorsal scapular nerve

223
Q

What supplies levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular artery, transverse cervical artery, ascending cervical artery

224
Q

What is the function of levator scapulae?

A

Elevates scapula medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity

SHB (36 decks)

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