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SHB > 10.14.16 Autonomics > Flashcards

10.14.16 Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the divisions of the nervous system.

A
  1. Central (brain and spinal cord)
  2. Peripheral (all other nerves)
  3. Autonomic nervous system
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2
Q

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  1. Parasympathetic nervous system

2. Sympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

What is the difference between parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems?

A

Parasympathetic - rest and digest

Sympathetic - feed, fight, flight, fornicate

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4
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A
  1. Dilates pupil
  2. Inhibits flow of saliva
  3. Accelerates heartbeat
  4. Dilates bronchi
  5. Inhibits peristalsis and secretion
  6. Conversion of glycogen to glucose
  7. Secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline
  8. Inhibits bladder contraction
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5
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A
  1. Stimulates flow of saliva
  2. Slows heartbeat
  3. Constricts bronchi
  4. Stimulates peristalsis and secretion
  5. Stimulates release of bile
  6. Contracts bladder
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6
Q

The parasympathetics originate from the ___ and ___.

A

Brain; sacral cord (S2 to S4)

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7
Q

The sympathetics originate from the ___.

A

Thoracic cord (T1 to L2)

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8
Q

Presynaptic sympathetic nerve cell bodies originate from the ___ in the spinal cord.

A

Lateral horn

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9
Q

Where are preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division located?

A

T1-L2 in the lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord

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10
Q

Preganglionic neruons of the sympathetic division send fibers out the ___ root. They leave the spinal nerves through the ___ rami (myelin) and enter the ___.

A

Ventral; white; sympathetic trunk

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11
Q

Ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division are located with the ___ or in ___ outside of the sympathetic trunk.

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia; collateral ganglia

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12
Q

Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division leave the sympathetic trunk through the ___ rami and pass through the spinal nerve again before terminating on the ___.

A

Gray; effector organ

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13
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division are ___ (short/long) and ___ (myelinated/unmyelinated).

A

Short; myelinated

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14
Q

Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division are ___ (short/long) and ___ ( myelinated/unmyelinated).

A

Long; unmyelinated

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15
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division may do one of four possible things - what are they?

A
  1. Synapse with one or more neurons in the sympathetic trunk directly across from them
  2. Ascend or descend in the trunk before synapsing
  3. Pass through the sympathetic trunk and synapse with a collateral ganglion outside the sympathetic trunk
  4. Directly stimulate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla
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16
Q

The sympathetic division is responsible for ___ tone.

A

Vasomotor

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17
Q

Where are preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division located?

A

Brain stem and S2, S3, and S4

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18
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division travel through what 4 cranial nerves and spinal nerves S2-S4, and synpase with ___ located very near or directly on the effector organ.

A

CN III, VII, IX, X; peripheral ganglia

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19
Q

Ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division are located within ___.

A

Peripheral ganglia

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20
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division are ___ (short/long) and ___ (myelinated/unmyelinated).

A

Long; myelinated

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21
Q

Postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division are ___ (short/long) and ___ (myelinated/unmyelinated).

A

Short; unmyelinated

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22
Q

Parasympathetic fibers do not control the ___ of the systemic arterioles but are responsible for ___.

A

Diameter; peristalsis

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23
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the eyes?

A

S: dilates pupil
P: constricts pupil, contracts ciliary muscle to thicken lens

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24
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the lacrimal gland?

A

S: slightly reduces secretion
P: promotes secretion

25
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the salivary gland?

A

S: reduces secretion and more viscid
P: increases secretion and watery

26
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the sweat gland?

A

S: stimulates secretion
P: no effect

27
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the blood vessels?

A

S: constricts
P: no effect

28
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the heart?

A

S: increases rate and ventricular contraction, dilates coronary vessels
P: decreases rate and ventricular contraction, constricts coronary vessels

29
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the bronchi?

A

S: dilates lumen, reduces bronchial secretion
P: constricts lumen; promotes secretion

30
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the GI tract?

A

S: inhibits motility and secretion; constricts sphincters
P: stimulates motility and secretion, relaxes sphincters

31
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the liver?

A

S: promotes glycogen breakdown
P: promotes glycogen formation and bile secretion

32
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the suprarenal medulla?

A

S: secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
P: no effect

33
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the kidney?

A

S: reduces urine formation by constriction of renal vessels
P: may cause vasodilation of renal vascular bed

34
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the urinary bladder?

A

S: contracts sphincter vesicae
P: relaxes sphincter vesicae; contracts detrusor muscle, causing urination

35
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the genital organs?

A

S: causes vasoconstriction and ejaculation, contracts uterus
P: vasodilation and erection; relaxes uterus

36
Q

What are the simple sympathetic effects on the function of the eye, heart, lungs, digestive tract, kidney, and penis?

A 
Eye: dilates pupil
Heart: increases rate and force of contraction
Lungs: dilates bronchioles
Digestive tract: inhibits peristalsis
Kidney: increases renin secretion
Penis: promotes ejaculation
37
Q

Typically, the sympathetic nervous system synapses in the ___.

A

Sympathetic chain

38
Q

What are the three major exceptions to the rule that the sympathetic nervous system has its synapses in the sympathetic chain?

A

Greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves

39
Q

What are the symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?

A
  1. Anhidrosis (lack of sweating)
  2. Ptosis (droopy eyelid)
  3. Redness
  4. Warm skin
  5. Miosis (excessive pupil constriction)
40
Q

What are the major ganglia used by CN III, VII, IX, X (parasympathetics)?

A
  1. Ciliary ganglion (III)
  2. Pterygopalatine ganglion (VII)
  3. Otic ganglion (IX)
  4. Submandibular ganglion (VII)
41
Q

What is the primary ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Superior cervical ganglion, found in the sympathetic chain

42
Q

What is the location of the ciliary ganglion?

A

Lateral to optic nerve

43
Q

What is the location of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

In pterygopalatine fossa

44
Q

What is the location of the submandibular ganglion?

A

On hyoglossus

45
Q

What is the location of the otic ganglion?

A

Below foramen ovale

46
Q

What are the parasympathetic fibers in the ciliary ganglion?

A

Oculomotor nerve and its inferior division

47
Q

What are the parasympathetic fibers in the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Facial nerve, greater petrosal nerve, and nerve of pterygoid canal

48
Q

What are the parasympathetic fibers in the submandibular ganglion?

A

Facial nerve, chorda tympani, and lingual nerve

49
Q

What are the parasympathetic fibers in the otic ganglion?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve, its tympanic branch, and lesser petrosal nerve

50
Q

What are the sympathetic fibers in the ciliary ganglion?

A

Internal carotid plexus

51
Q

What are the sympathetic fibers in the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Internal carotid plexus

52
Q

What are the sympathetic fibers in the submandibular ganglion?

A

Plexus on facial artery

53
Q

What are the sympathetic fibers in the otic ganglion?

A

Plexus on middle meningeal artery

54
Q

What is the target of the ciliary ganglion?

A

Ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae (parasympathetic); dilator pupillae and tarsal muscles (sympathetic)

55
Q

What is the target of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Lacrimal gland and glands in palate and nose

56
Q

What is the target of the submandibular ganglion?

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands

57
Q

What is the target of the otic ganglion?

A

Parotid gland

58
Q

CN ___ is a taxi for the parasympathetics of ___ and ___.

A

V; VII; IX

SHB (36 decks)

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