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SHB > 10.24.16 The Heart > Flashcards

10.24.16 The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sac that covers the heart?

A

Pericardium

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2
Q

What is pressure on the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the space between the heart muscle (myocardium) and the outer covering sac of the heart (pericardium)?

A

Cardiac tamponade

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3
Q

The pericardium has what two layers?

A

Fibrous (outer) and serous (inner)

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4
Q

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

A
  1. Visceral (against heart muscle)

2. Parietal (against fibrous)

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5
Q

What separates the two layers of the serous pericardium?

A

Lubricating serous fluid

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6
Q

Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium are two sinuses - what are they?

A

Transverse sinus and oblique sinus

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7
Q

Which sinus is a passage above the heart, between the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk in front and the superior vena cava, left atrium, and pulmonary veins behind?

A

Transverse

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8
Q

Which sinus is a space behind the heart, between the left atrium in front and the fibrous pericardium behind?

A

Oblique

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9
Q

Describe circulation through the heart.

A
  1. Superior and inferior vena cava
  2. Right atrium
  3. Tricuspid valve
  4. Right ventricle
  5. Pulmonary valve
  6. Pulmonary artery
  7. Lungs (oxygenation occurs)
  8. Left pulmonary veins
  9. Left atrium
  10. Mitral valve
  11. Left ventricle
  12. Aorta
  13. Rest of the body
  14. Superior and inferior vena cava
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10
Q

What are the 4 landmarks in the right atrium?

A
  1. Musculi pectinate
  2. Opening of the coronary sinus
  3. Crista terminalis
  4. Opening of superior and inferior vena cava
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11
Q

What are the 5 landmarks in the right ventricle?

A
  1. Tricuspid valve
  2. Chordae tendinae
  3. Papillary muscles
  4. Trabeculae carnae
  5. Moderator band (septomarginal trabeculae)
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12
Q

What are the 3 landmarks of the left atrium?

A
  1. Foramen ovale
  2. Openings of pulmonary veins
  3. Pectinate muscles
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13
Q

What are the 3 landmarks of the left ventricle?

A
  1. Biscuspid valve (mitral)
  2. Chordae tendinae
  3. Papillary muscles
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14
Q

Where do the coronary arteries come from?

A

Aorta

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15
Q

What is the most important coronary artery in the body?

A

Anterior descending artery

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16
Q

What are the two main branches of the anterior descending artery (left)?

A

Left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex

17
Q

What are the two main branches of the anterior descending artery (right)?

A

Right marginal and posterior descending

18
Q

The great cardiac vein travels with the ___ artery.

A

Anterior descending

19
Q

The middle cardiac vein travels with the ___ artery.

A

Posterior descending

20
Q

The coronary veins drain in the ___, which then dumps into the ___.

A

Coronary sinus; right atrium

21
Q

What innervates the heart?

A

CN X (Vagus) and sympathetic nerves

22
Q

What speeds up the heart?

A

Sympathetic nerves

23
Q

What slows down the heart?

A

CN X (Vagus)

24
Q

What/where are the 4 heart valves?

A
  1. Pulmonary - L 3rd rib
  2. Aortic - L 3rd rib
  3. Mitral - 4th rib
  4. Tricuspid - 4th rib

PAM T

25
Q

Where do you auscultate the 4 heart valves?

A
  1. Pulmonary - L 2nd intercostal space
  2. Aortic - R 2nd intercostal space
  3. Mitral - L mid-clavicular line/rib 5
  4. Tricuspid - L 5th intercostal space

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26
Q

What is the anatomical position of the pulmonary valve? The auscultation point?

A

Anatomical: left sternal border, 3rd rib
Auscultation: 2nd left intercostal space, just lateral to sternal angle

27
Q

What is the anatomical position of the aortic valve? The auscultation point?

A

Anatomical: left sternal border, 3rd intercostal space
Auscultation: 2nd right intercostal space, just lateral to sternal angle

28
Q

What is the anatomical position of the mitral valve? The auscultation point?

A

Anatomical: left sternal border, 4th rib
Auscultation: 5th left intercostal space, 8 cm lateral to midline

29
Q

What is the anatomical position of the tricuspid valve? The auscultation point?

A

Anatomical: midsternal, 4th intercostal space
Auscultation: 5th left intercostal space, just lateral to sternum

SHB (36 decks)

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