8. Carbohydrates Flashcards
linear form of carbohydrates
Fisher projection
shows the cyclic structure, as viewed from the side, showing sterochemistry or locaiton ofattached molecules to monosaccharide ring
haworth projection
a boat conformation in which C1 is tilted upwards, same direction as C4 (less common)
chair conformation
this carb’s fx group is aldehyde
aldose
this carb’s fx group is a ketone
ketose
isomers that differ in configuration on only one specific carbon atom (except carbonyl carbon)
epimers
are molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of the atoms in space.
isomers
glucose and galactose are isomers that differ in
position of OH in C4
glucose and mannose differ in
OH in C2
- optical isomers, stereioisomers
* mirror images
enantiomers
anomers with rotation around the carbonyl atom are labeled
α and ß anomers
anomers can undergo interconversion from α —› ß without energy expenditure , or need for enzymes, in a process called
mutarotation