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Basic Biochemistry > 12. Harold Chiu > Flashcards

12. Harold Chiu Flashcards

1
Q

amino acids responsible for the umami taste

A

glutamate

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2
Q

what is the expected finding in ptx with defect in FA oxidation

A

hypoglycemia

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3
Q

basic structure of phospholipids

A

sphingosine

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4
Q

essential fatty acids

A
  • alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid)

* linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid).

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5
Q

essential amino acids

A

9

H- histidine, 
I- isoleucine, 
L- leucine, 
K- lysine, 
M- methionine, 
F-phenylalanine, 
T- threonine, 
W- tryptophan, and 
V- valine.
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6
Q

which digestive enzyme is activated by hydrogen ions

A

gastrin

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7
Q

this digestive enzyme has the capacity to catalyse and activate other co-enzyumes

A

trypsin

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8
Q

a ptx with documented tetrahydrobioterin deficiency will need this amino acid supplied in diety

A

tyrosine

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9
Q

the only ketogenic AA

A

K, L

lysine, leucine

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10
Q

a patient with maple syrup urine disease was given this vitamin with marked improvement of symptoms

A

thiamine

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11
Q

% of total glucose production occurs in the kidney during fasting

A

40%

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12
Q

Ig that can cross the placenta

A

IgG

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13
Q

which substrate CANNOT cross the placental barrer

A

palmitate

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14
Q

FASTING ≈ hormone sensitive lipase

A

phosphorylated ≈ active state

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15
Q

the bile acids are amphipathic with orientation of :
•OH -
•methyl -

A
  • OH -alpha

* methyl - beta

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16
Q

the main metabolic pathway of glucose

A

Embden- Meyerhof-Parnas pathway

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17
Q
  • African descent patient
  • given TMP-SMX for UTI
  • developed pallor and jaundice

•inheritance of his condition

A

G6PD deficiency is

X-linked recessive

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18
Q

in a patient with steatorrhea, TAG were noted during stool examination

A

deficiency in pancreatic lipase

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19
Q

which among the following needs glucuronic acid for excretion

a. bile acids
b. steroids
c. morphine
d. AOTA

A

a. AOTA

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20
Q

in which organ are you most likely to find sulfatides

A

kidney

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21
Q
  • 7 days starvation

* brain’s most likely energy source

A

ketone bodies

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22
Q
  • maple syrup urine disease

* which substrates cannot be metabolized by this patient

A

isoleucine
valine
leucine

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23
Q

the bond between glucose and fructose in sucrose

A

ether bond

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24
Q

alpha helix structure and beta pleated sheets in secondary structure of proteins is mainly stabilized by

A

hydrogen bonds

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25
Q

which apolipopritein deficiency will have similar manifestations to lipoproten lipase deficiency

A

apo C-II

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26
Q

amino acid derivative of nitric oxide

A

arginine

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27
Q

amino acid derivative of melanin

A

tyrosine

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28
Q

amino acid derivative of melatonin

A

tryptophan

W ≈ pigment

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29
Q

amino acid require for synthesis of creatine

A

RGM

arginine, glycine, methionine

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30
Q
  • 3 year old ptx has neurocognitive delay
  • mousy odor in diapers
  • it requires this amino acid supplementation
A

tyrosine

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31
Q

in the equation

pyruvate + glutamate α keto-glutarate + alanine

which co-factor is essential

A

pyridoxine

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32
Q
  • marathon runner

* main source of ATP in the middle of the race

A

oxidative phosphorylation

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33
Q

products of glycogenolysis :

glucose-1-phosphate __ glucose

A

glucose-1-phosphate > glucose

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34
Q

essential co-factor rewuired for rate-limitingstep in FA synthesis

A

biotin

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35
Q

imediate precursor of

C20:4(5,8,11,14)

A

linoleic acid

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36
Q

urea cycle occurs in the

A

cytosol and mitochondria

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37
Q

in tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, these synthetic pathways are affected , except

a. phenylalanine –> tyrosine
b. tryptophan –> serotonin
c. tyrosine –> L-dopa
d. arginine –> NO
e. none

A

e. none

38
Q

net ATP synthesis from 1 molecule of glucose to lactate

A

2 ATP

39
Q

these pathways occur both in cytosol and mitochondria

A

urea cycle
heme synthesis
gluconeogenesis

UGH

40
Q

all of the ff are derived from glycine except:

a. creatine
b. gluthathione
c. porphyrin
d. uric acid
e. cytosine

A

e. cytosine

glycine≈ CPUG

41
Q

C-2 epimer of glucose

A

mannose

42
Q

isozyme of glucokinase

A

hexokinase

43
Q

primary bile acids

A

chenodeoxycholic acid

cholic acid

44
Q

essential FA is precursor to arachidonic acid

A

18:2 (9,12)

linoleic acid

45
Q

a diet rich in corn can create a deficiency of this amino acid

A

tryptophan

46
Q

Coole’s anemia

which hemoglobin gene is defective

A

beta-globin gene

47
Q
  • 50 yr old
  • alcoholic
  • chronic diarrhea
  • memory impairment
  • multiple erythematous papules
  • plaques in the intertriginous area

•what co-factor is deficient

A

niacin

48
Q

insulin acts through which receptor system

A

tyrosine kinase

49
Q
  • 27 year old
  • progressive difficulty of breathing
  • Fx: same presentation- 2 brothers, 30 and 33 yr old

•Dx?

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

50
Q

hydrogen sulfide gas acts on which part of ETC?

A

Complex IV

51
Q

in cell death, which phospholipid translocates to the outer leaflet of the cell membrane

A

phosphatidylserine

52
Q

what enzyme is involved rate-limiting synthesis of FA

A

hydroxymethylglutarate coa reductase

53
Q

these pair of chemicals are conjugated to bile acids forming bile salts

A

glycine and taurine

54
Q
  • transketolases

* co-factor

A

thiamine

55
Q
  • patient presents with
  • gum bleeding
  • skin petechiae
  • lack of ascorbic acid
  • which enzyme is impaired
A

lysyl hydroxylase

56
Q

Cori cycle: which precursor travels out of myocytes to be converted back to glucose

A

lactate

57
Q

basic amino acids

A
  • arginine
  • lysine
  • histidine
58
Q

the two configurations of the OH group attacjed to the first carbon in the cyclic form of glucose are known as

A

anomers

59
Q

cerotic acid , 16 carbon containig fatty acids is primarily broken in which organelle

A

peroxisomes

60
Q
  • 9 yr old
  • pallor and easy fatigability
  • goat’s milk
  • CBC: hypersegmented neutrophils
  • which vitamin is this child lacking?
A

folic acid

61
Q
  • 65 yr old male
  • pallor, weakness, easy fatigability
  • CBC: microcytic hypochromic anemia
  • co-factor that is deficient?
A

c. pyridoxine

62
Q

effect of atorvastatin on Vmax

A

decreased

63
Q

a patient with type 1 DM on insulin can be distinguished from a patient on sulfonylureas using this measurement

A

C-peptide

64
Q

Diabetic retinopathy, cataracts and peripheral neuropathy , what compound accumulates exhibiting osmotic effects

A

sorbitol

65
Q

which amino acid corresponds to the start codon AUG in humans

A

methionine

66
Q

mutation in sickle cell anemia (glutamate –> valine )

type of mutation?

A

missense mutation

67
Q

mutation in sickle cell anemia (glutamate –> valine )

what was the exact base pair mutation leading to sickle cell anemia

A

A–> T transversion, beta globin gene

68
Q

which base is NOT seen in DNA?

A

uracil

69
Q

rate limiting enzyme in de novo pyramidine synthesis is

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthase II

70
Q

carbamoyl phosphate synthase II

allosteric activator?

A

N-acetylglutamate

71
Q

which mRNA codon signals the end of protein synthesis in the ribosomal complex

A

UAG

72
Q

the end product of pyrimidine metabolism

A

ß-alanine

73
Q

the difference in size of Apo B48 in chylomicrons and ApoB100 in LDL is due to

A

RNA editing

74
Q

in DNA chromosomal packing, the linker histone eprtains to which component

A

H1

75
Q

what is the most common form of DNA found in nature,

also the form used by watson and crick in 1952

A

B form

76
Q

the most heterogenous form of RNA

A

mRNA

77
Q

in the t-RNA,where is the CCA portion, which attaches to the amino acid found

A

3’ end

78
Q

azithryomycin

MOA

A

prevents translocation of the mRNA - rRNA complex

79
Q

doxycycline MOA

prophylaxis to leptospirosin

A

binds to 30S and

prevents binding ot tRNA to the A site

80
Q

methotrexate binds to this enzyme

A

dihydrofolate reductase

81
Q

methotrexate effects on synthesis of nucleotides

A

dec synthesis of purines, thymine and folic acid

82
Q

Cell epithelium on microscopy showed formation of a cleavage furrow

what stage of mitosis

A

telophase

83
Q

ACE synthesis take place in the

A

lung

84
Q

effects of angiotensin II on adrenal cortex

A

inc aldosterone

85
Q
  • a technique used for protein molecules separated by electrophoresis and blotted to a membrane
  • probe which is a labelled antibody

•this is known as

A

western blotting

86
Q
  • a ptx was given thiazide diureic
  • developed pallor and jaundice
  • expected findings that supports diagnosis
A

inc levels of unconjugated bilirubin

87
Q

•inc in PTH levels seen in hyperparathyroidism

≈ effect on calcium and phosphate

A

inc calcium

dec phosphate

88
Q

Oxygen binding curve to Hgb can be described as

A

sigmoid

cooperative

89
Q

Oxygen binding curve to Myoglobin can be described as

A

hyperbolic

90
Q

in synthesis of thyroid hormone, which rxn will form T4

A

DIT + DIT

91
Q

which transport process in the cell requires energy expenditure from previous established gradient using ATP

A

secondary active transport

Basic Biochemistry (50 decks)

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