34. Ketogenesis

Question 1

synthesis of ketone bodies , which serve as alternative fuel for peripheral tissues

Answer 1

ketogenesis

Question 2

where does ketogenesis occur?

Answer 2

liver mitochondria

Question 3

substrate of ketogenesis

Answer 3

acety coa

Question 4

products of ketogenesis

Answer 4

• acetoacetate
• ß-hydroxybutyrate
• acetone

Question 5

rate limiting step of ketogenesis

Answer 5

Acetoacetyl CoA + Acetyl CoA —> HMG CoA

Enz: HMG CoA synthase

Question 6

ketone bodies are oxidized primarily by these tissues

Answer 6

extrahepatic: 
•skeletal and heart muscle
•kidney
•intestines
•brain

Question 7

why the liver cannot used ketone bodies as fuel

Answer 7

it lacks the enzyme

succinyl CoA-acetoacetate Coa transferase (thiophorase)

Question 8

higher than normal levels of ketone bodies in the blood (ketonemia) or urine (ketonuria)

Answer 8

ketosis

Question 9

in prolonged starvation and
diabetic ketoacidosis
this is depleted for gluconeogenesis

Answer 9

oxaloacetate

Question 10

in alcoholism, excess NADH shunts

____

Answer 10

oxaloacetate to malate

Question 11

DKA clinical presentation

Answer 11

severe metabolic acidosis 
dehydration
K depletion
fruity odor on the breath 
dec sensorium and possibly coma

Question 12

sodium nitroprusside rxn measures

Answer 12

acetone
and acetoacetate

NOT hydroxybutyrate