35. beta oxidation Flashcards
removal of acetyl CoA from the ends of fatty acids
beta-oxidation
products of beta-oxidation
- 8 Acetyl CoA -> citric acid cycle
- 7 NADH -> ETC
- 7 FADH2 -> ETC
where does beta oxidation occur
muscle
liver
•mitochondria
•fatty acid activation occurs in the cytosol
substrate of beta-oxidation
palmitate
rate limiting step in beta oxidation
translocation of fatty acyl coa from cytosol to the mitochondria
Enz : carnitine-palmitoyl transferase
Transport of fatty acyl coa to the mitochondria involves
- activation of the fatty acid ≈ fatty acyl synthetase
- attachment of fatty acyl to carnitine in the outer mitochondrial membrane ≈ carnitine acyltransferase-1
- fatty acyl-carnitine is shuttled through the inner membrane
- transfer of fatty acyl group back to a CoA in mitochondrial matrix
≈ carnitine acyltransferase-2
this enzyme activates the fatty acid
fatty acyl synthetase
degradation of faty acyl coa are a sequence of these steps, repeated 7 times
Oxidation —> Hydration —> Oxidation —> Thiolysis
OHOT
enzymes collectively known as fatty acid oxidase
(4) •fatty acyl coa dehydrogenase •∆2 enol coa hydratase •3-hydroxyacyl coa dehydrogenase •thiolase
how much ATP in NADH
2.5 ATP each
how much ATP in FADH2
1.5 ATP each
how much ATP in acetyl coa
10 ATP each
Net atp yield of palmitate
108 ATP -2 ATP (activation)
= 106 ATP
oxidize very long chains of fatty acids (C20, C22)
peroxisomes
oxidation of unsaturated FAs require this additional enzyme
3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase
oxidation of FA with an odd number of carbon atoms will yield
acetyl Coa and a molecule of propionyl CoA
propionyl CoA is converted to ____, a TCA intermediate
succinyl CoA
propionyl CoA carboxylase requires
biotin
methylmalonyl CoA mutase requires
vit B12
rate limiting enzyme of lipogenesis
acetyl CoA carboxylase
subcellular location of lipogenesis
cytosol
subcellular location of beta oxidation
mitochondria
transport mechanism of lipogenesis
citrate shuttle