46. Electron Transport Chain

Question 1

final common pathway by which electrons from different fuels of the body flow to oxygen

Answer 1

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Question 2

ETC is located

Answer 2

mitrochondria, specifically -> inner membrane

Question 3

2 electron carriers used in the ETC

Answer 3

NAD+

FAD

Question 4

NAD derived from

Answer 4

niacin, B3

Question 5

FAD derived from

Answer 5

riboflavin

vit b2

Question 6

NAD and FAD _____ electrons to form NADH and FADH2

Answer 6

receive electrons from other substances

Question 7

donate electrons to a specialized set of electron carriers

Answer 7

NADH

FADH2

Question 8

all components of ETC are fixed in the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE except

Answer 8

coenzyme Q and cytochrome C

Question 9

is the only nonprotein component of ETC

Answer 9

Ubiquinone (CoQ)

Question 10

these are pumped to the intermembranous space in 3 complexes

Answer 10

protons (H+)

Question 11

protons

these are pumped to the intermembranous space in which complexes

Answer 11

I, III, IV

Question 12

final electron acceptor is

Answer 12

O2

Question 13

the chemiosmotic hypothesis explains how free energy is generated by transport of electrons by electron transport cgain to produce ATP from ADP + Pi

Answer 13

mitchell hypothesis

Question 14

creates an electrical and pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer 14

ETC

Question 15

protons driven to mitochondrial matrix reenter the matrix throuh channel in the

Answer 15

ATP synthase complex
complex V
-results in synthesis of ATP

Question 16

tissue hypoxia ≈ ___ activity of the ETC

Answer 16

decreased

Question 17

tissue hypoxia ≈ ATP production

Answer 17

shifts from OXIDATIVE phosphorylation to
SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION
(anaerobic glycolysis)

Question 18

effect of ETC inhibitors

Answer 18

• decrease O2 consumption
• ÎÎ intracellular NADH/NAD+, FADH2/FAD ratios, because they cannot transfer electrons to the ETC
• dec ATP

Question 19

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

barbiturates

Answer 19

Complex I

Question 20

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Malonate

Answer 20

Complex II

Question 21

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Antimycin A

Answer 21

Complex III

Question 22

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Cyanide

Answer 22

Complex IV

Question 23

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Sodium azide

Answer 23

Complex IV

Question 24

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

CO

Answer 24

Complex IV

Question 25

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC? Hydrogen sulfide

Answer 25

Complex IV `

Question 26

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC? Dimercaprol

Answer 26

Complex III

Question 27

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC? Carboxin

Answer 27

Complex II

Question 28

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC? TTFA

Answer 28

Complex II

Question 29

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC? Rotenone

Answer 29

Complex I

Question 30

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC? Amytal

Answer 30

Complex I

Question 31

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC? Piericidin A

Answer 31

Complex I

Question 32

compounds that inc the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane protons ETC proceeds at a rapid rate without estabilishing proton gradient

Answer 32

uncouplers

Question 33

effect of uncouplers

Answer 33

* ÎÎ oxygen consumption * dec NADH/NAD+, FADH2/FAD ratio * dec ATP synthesis

Question 34

uncouplers | synthektic

Answer 34

2,4 dinitrophenol, aspirin

Question 35

uncoupling protein:

Answer 35

thermogenin (brown fat)

Question 36

one of the symptoms of ASA overdose : hyperpyrexia

Answer 36

ETC uncoupling with INC body heat production

Question 37

neonates rely on ___ to produce head and prevent hypothermia

Answer 37

thermogenin

Question 38

oligomycin MOA

Answer 38

ATP synthase nhibitor - protn gradient continues to rise, but no escape valve •ETC sotps - cytochromes can no longer pump protons

Question 39

unstable products formed as a byproduct of ETC ,when molecular oxygen is partially reduced

Answer 39

reactive oxygen species

Question 40

ROS

Answer 40

``` superoxide (O2-) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Hydroxyl radical (OH-) ```

Question 41

produced by neutrophils to kill bacteria

Answer 41

ROS

Question 42

mitochondrial disease follow this type of inheritance

Answer 42

non-mendelian genetics

Question 43

is a rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by progressive generalized hypotonia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia and severe lactic acidosis, which results in early fatality (days to months after birth).

Answer 43

lethal infantile mitochondrial myopathy

Question 44

can affect people at very different times in life, ranging from age 4 to age 40 or more. However, most patients show symptoms before they are 20 years old. rare genetic disorder which results in stroke and dementia.

Answer 44

Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes.

Question 45

mitochondrially inherited (transmitted from mother to offspring) degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons that leads to an acute or subacute loss of central vision; this affects predominantly young adult males.

Answer 45

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy