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Basic Biochemistry > 46. Electron Transport Chain > Flashcards

46. Electron Transport Chain Flashcards

1
Q

final common pathway by which electrons from different fuels of the body flow to oxygen

A

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

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2
Q

ETC is located

A

mitrochondria, specifically -> inner membrane

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3
Q

2 electron carriers used in the ETC

A

NAD+

FAD

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4
Q

NAD derived from

A

niacin, B3

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5
Q

FAD derived from

A

riboflavin

vit b2

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6
Q

NAD and FAD _____ electrons to form NADH and FADH2

A

receive electrons from other substances

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7
Q

donate electrons to a specialized set of electron carriers

A

NADH

FADH2

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8
Q

all components of ETC are fixed in the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE except

A

coenzyme Q and cytochrome C

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9
Q

is the only nonprotein component of ETC

A

Ubiquinone (CoQ)

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10
Q

these are pumped to the intermembranous space in 3 complexes

A

protons (H+)

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11
Q

protons

these are pumped to the intermembranous space in which complexes

A

I, III, IV

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12
Q

final electron acceptor is

A

O2

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13
Q

the chemiosmotic hypothesis explains how free energy is generated by transport of electrons by electron transport cgain to produce ATP from ADP + Pi

A

mitchell hypothesis

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14
Q

creates an electrical and pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

ETC

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15
Q

protons driven to mitochondrial matrix reenter the matrix throuh channel in the

A

ATP synthase complex
complex V
-results in synthesis of ATP

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16
Q

tissue hypoxia ≈ ___ activity of the ETC

A

decreased

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17
Q

tissue hypoxia ≈ ATP production

A

shifts from OXIDATIVE phosphorylation to
SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION
(anaerobic glycolysis)

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18
Q

effect of ETC inhibitors

A
  • decrease O2 consumption
  • ÎÎ intracellular NADH/NAD+, FADH2/FAD ratios, because they cannot transfer electrons to the ETC
  • dec ATP
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19
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

barbiturates

20
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Malonate

A

Complex II

21
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Antimycin A

A

Complex III

22
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Cyanide

A

Complex IV

23
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Sodium azide

A

Complex IV

24
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

CO

A

Complex IV

25
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Hydrogen sulfide

A

Complex IV `

26
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Dimercaprol

A

Complex III

27
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Carboxin

A

Complex II

28
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

TTFA

A

Complex II

29
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Rotenone

30
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Amytal

31
Q

this chemical is an inhibitor of what complex of ETC?

Piericidin A

32
Q

compounds that inc the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane protons

ETC proceeds at a rapid rate without estabilishing proton gradient

A

uncouplers

33
Q

effect of uncouplers

A
  • ÎÎ oxygen consumption
  • dec NADH/NAD+, FADH2/FAD ratio
  • dec ATP synthesis
34
Q

uncouplers

synthektic

A

2,4 dinitrophenol, aspirin

35
Q

uncoupling protein:

A

thermogenin (brown fat)

36
Q

one of the symptoms of ASA overdose : hyperpyrexia

A

ETC uncoupling with INC body heat production

37
Q

neonates rely on ___ to produce head and prevent hypothermia

A

thermogenin

38
Q

oligomycin MOA

A

ATP synthase nhibitor - protn gradient continues to rise, but no escape valve

•ETC sotps - cytochromes can no longer pump protons

39
Q

unstable products formed as a byproduct of ETC ,when molecular oxygen is partially reduced

A

reactive oxygen species

40
Q

ROS

A 
superoxide (O2-)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Hydroxyl radical (OH-)
41
Q

produced by neutrophils to kill bacteria

42
Q

mitochondrial disease follow this type of inheritance

A

non-mendelian genetics

43
Q

is a rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by progressive generalized hypotonia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia and severe lactic acidosis, which results in early fatality (days to months after birth).

A

lethal infantile mitochondrial myopathy

44
Q

can affect people at very different times in life, ranging from age 4 to age 40 or more. However, most patients show symptoms before they are 20 years old.

rare genetic disorder which results in stroke and dementia.

A

Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes.

45
Q

mitochondrially inherited (transmitted from mother to offspring) degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons that leads to an acute or subacute loss of central vision; this affects predominantly young adult males.

A

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy

Basic Biochemistry (50 decks)

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