21. Minerals

Question 1

iron

how many grams are present in the body

Answer 1

3-4 grams

Question 2

2/3 of iron in the body is in

Answer 2

Hgb

Question 3

storage form of iron in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, intestinal mucosa, pancrease, myocardium

Answer 3

ferritin

Question 4

partially denatured derivative of ferritin

Answer 4

hemosiderin

Question 5

iron transport protein in plasma

Answer 5

transferrin

Question 6

most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide

Answer 6

iron deficiency anemia

Question 7

this parameter inc in iron deficiency anemia

Answer 7

inc total iron binding capacity

Question 8

iron overload syndromewith progressive hemosiderosis

and resulting organ damage

Answer 8

hemochromatosis

Question 9

hemochromatosis may lead to

Answer 9

• liver cirrhosis
• liver cancer
• DM
• cardiomyopathy
• hyperpigmentation of the skin
• endocrine disorders
• joint pain

Question 10

• inc total plasma iron
• inc transferrin saturation
• serum ferritin
• dec total iron binding capacity

Answer 10

hemochromatosis

Question 11

hemochromatosis tx

Answer 11

repeated phlebotomy

Question 12

most abundant trace mineral in the body after iron

Answer 12

zinc

Question 13

zinc body stores

Answer 13

1.5-2.5 g

Question 14

zinc metalloenzymes include

Answer 14

• carbonic anhydrase
• cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase
• alcohol dehydrogenase
• carboxypeptidases A and B
• DNA and RNA polymerases

Question 15

it serves as a structural role by stabilizing small loops in polypeptide

Answer 15

zinc finger proteins

Question 16

dietary sources of zinc

Answer 16

meat
nuts
beans
wheat germ

Question 17

copper

body stores

Answer 17

80-110 mg

Question 18

major cofactor of enzymes that use oxygen or an oxygen derivative as one of their substrates

Answer 18

copper

Question 19

deficiency of this leads to dermatitis, poor wound healing, hair loss , neuropsychiatric impairments, dec taste acuity,
in children -> poor growth, testicular atrophy

Answer 19

zinc deficiency

Question 20

rare recessively inherited
with dermatitis 
diarrhea
alopecia due to 
impaired intestinal zinc absorption

Answer 20

acrodermatitis enterohepatica

Question 21

tx of acrodermatitis enterohepatica

Answer 21

high doses of zinc

Question 22

copper is a cofactor of these enzymes

Answer 22

cytochrome oxidase 
dopamine ß-hydroxylase
monoamine oxidase
tyrosinase
∆9 desaturase
lysyl oxidase
cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase

Question 23

majority of copper is transported serum bound to

Answer 23

ceruloplasmin 60%

Question 24

proteins/ aa where copper is bound during transport

Answer 24

ceruloplasmin
albumin
histidine

Question 25

``` presents with microcytic hypochromc anemia leukopenia hemorrhagic vascular changes bone demineralization hypercholesterolemia neurological problems ```

Answer 25

copper deficiency

Question 26

copper deficiency is see in

Answer 26

patients receiving TPN | infants fed copper deficient formulas

Question 27

inheritance of menkes syndrome

Answer 27

X-linked

Question 28

caused by deficiency of an ATP dependent membrane transporter for copper impaired transfer of copper from intestinal mucosal cells to blood intracellular transport also abnormal

Answer 28

menkes syndrome

Question 29

``` presents with growth retardaton mental deficiency seizures arterial aneurysms bone demineralization brittle hair ```

Answer 29

menkes syndrome

Question 30

hepatolenticular degeneration

Answer 30

wilson disease

Question 31

hepatolenticular degeneration | biliary excretio of copper is blocked

Answer 31

wilson disease

Question 32

``` copper accumlation in liver and brain resulting in liver damage neurological deterioration or both ``` •kayser fleisher rings

Answer 32

Wilson disease

Question 33

wilson disease | tx

Answer 33

D-penicillmine - forms soluble excretable copper complex

Question 34

low levels of 3-methylhistidine in urine

Answer 34

wilson disease

Question 35

manganese madness | excessive manganese can cause

Answer 35

psychosis | parkinsonism

Question 36

this mineral occurs in a few oxidase enzymes including xanthine oxidase

Answer 36

molbdenum

Question 37

this mineral occurs in 20 human proteins, including gluthathione peroxidase

Answer 37

selenium / selenocysteine form

Question 38

low selenium content causing cardiomyopathy | endemic in China

Answer 38

Keshan disease