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Basic Biochemistry > 21. Minerals > Flashcards

21. Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

iron

how many grams are present in the body

A

3-4 grams

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2
Q

2/3 of iron in the body is in

A

Hgb

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3
Q

storage form of iron in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, intestinal mucosa, pancrease, myocardium

A

ferritin

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4
Q

partially denatured derivative of ferritin

A

hemosiderin

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5
Q

iron transport protein in plasma

A

transferrin

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6
Q

most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide

A

iron deficiency anemia

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7
Q

this parameter inc in iron deficiency anemia

A

inc total iron binding capacity

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8
Q

iron overload syndromewith progressive hemosiderosis

and resulting organ damage

A

hemochromatosis

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9
Q

hemochromatosis may lead to

A
  • liver cirrhosis
  • liver cancer
  • DM
  • cardiomyopathy
  • hyperpigmentation of the skin
  • endocrine disorders
  • joint pain
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10
Q
  • inc total plasma iron
  • inc transferrin saturation
  • serum ferritin
  • dec total iron binding capacity
A

hemochromatosis

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11
Q

hemochromatosis tx

A

repeated phlebotomy

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12
Q

most abundant trace mineral in the body after iron

A

zinc

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13
Q

zinc body stores

A

1.5-2.5 g

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14
Q

zinc metalloenzymes include

A
  • carbonic anhydrase
  • cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase
  • alcohol dehydrogenase
  • carboxypeptidases A and B
  • DNA and RNA polymerases
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15
Q

it serves as a structural role by stabilizing small loops in polypeptide

A

zinc finger proteins

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16
Q

dietary sources of zinc

A

meat
nuts
beans
wheat germ

17
Q

copper

body stores

A

80-110 mg

18
Q

major cofactor of enzymes that use oxygen or an oxygen derivative as one of their substrates

A

copper

19
Q

deficiency of this leads to dermatitis, poor wound healing, hair loss , neuropsychiatric impairments, dec taste acuity,
in children -> poor growth, testicular atrophy

A

zinc deficiency

20
Q 
rare recessively inherited
with dermatitis 
diarrhea
alopecia due to 
impaired intestinal zinc absorption
A

acrodermatitis enterohepatica

21
Q

tx of acrodermatitis enterohepatica

A

high doses of zinc

22
Q

copper is a cofactor of these enzymes

A 
cytochrome oxidase 
dopamine ß-hydroxylase
monoamine oxidase
tyrosinase
∆9 desaturase
lysyl oxidase
cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase
23
Q

majority of copper is transported serum bound to

A

ceruloplasmin 60%

24
Q

proteins/ aa where copper is bound during transport

A

ceruloplasmin
albumin
histidine

25
Q 
presents with microcytic hypochromc anemia 
leukopenia 
hemorrhagic vascular changes
bone demineralization
hypercholesterolemia 
neurological problems
A

copper deficiency

26
Q

copper deficiency is see in

A

patients receiving TPN

infants fed copper deficient formulas

27
Q

inheritance of menkes syndrome

A

X-linked

28
Q

caused by deficiency of an ATP dependent membrane transporter for copper

impaired transfer of copper from intestinal mucosal cells to blood
intracellular transport also abnormal

A

menkes syndrome

29
Q 
presents with growth retardaton
mental deficiency 
seizures
arterial aneurysms 
bone demineralization
brittle hair
A

menkes syndrome

30
Q

hepatolenticular degeneration

A

wilson disease

31
Q

hepatolenticular degeneration

biliary excretio of copper is blocked

A

wilson disease

32
Q 
copper accumlation in liver and brain
resulting in 
liver damage 
neurological deterioration 
or both

•kayser fleisher rings

A

Wilson disease

33
Q

wilson disease

tx

A

D-penicillmine - forms soluble excretable copper complex

34
Q

low levels of 3-methylhistidine in urine

A

wilson disease

35
Q

manganese madness

excessive manganese can cause

A

psychosis

parkinsonism

36
Q

this mineral occurs in a few oxidase enzymes including xanthine oxidase

A

molbdenum

37
Q

this mineral occurs in 20 human proteins, including gluthathione peroxidase

A

selenium / selenocysteine form

38
Q

low selenium content causing cardiomyopathy

endemic in China

A

Keshan disease

Basic Biochemistry (50 decks)

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