22. Vitamins

Question 1

group of organic nutrients required for diff biochemical fx

Answer 1

vitamins

Question 2

forms of Vit A

Answer 2

• retinol
• retinal
• retinoic acid
• ß-carotene

Question 3

source of ß-carotene

Answer 3

carrots

sweet potatoes

Question 4

sources of vit A

Answer 4

liver
eggs
whole milk
butter

carrots
sweet potatoes

Question 5

this is a vitamin that fx

as component of visual pigment rhodopsin

Answer 5

Vit A (11-cis retinal)

Question 6

this is a vitamin that

maintains fluidity of cell memranes

Answer 6

vit E

Question 7

this is a vitamin that fx

lipid soluble antioxidant

Answer 7

beta carotene

vit E

Question 8

this is a vitamin that

support gametogenesis

Answer 8

retino and retinal

Question 9

maintain calcium balance

Answer 9

vit D

Question 10

this is a vitamin that fx

as coenzyme for y-carboxylation of glutamate residue in clotting factors and other proteins

factors II, VII, IX, X
proteins C and S

Answer 10

vitamin K

Question 11

this is a vitamin that fx 
as coenzyme for 
•pyruvate dehydrogenase
•alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase 
•branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase
•transketolases

Answer 11

thiamine

Vit B1

Question 12

this is a vitamin that fx

as electron carries in redox rxns

Answer 12

vit B2 riboflavin

vit B3 niacin

Question 13

source ADP-ribose for nucleoproteins involved in DNA repair

Answer 13

vit B3 niacin

Question 14

this vitamin inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue

used to tx hyperlipidemia

Answer 14

vit B3 niacin

Question 15

part of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein for fatty acid synthesis and metabolism

Answer 15

vit B5

pantothenic acid

Question 16

coenzyme for 
transamination of amino acids 
decarbozylation of glutamate and histidine 
ALA synthase 
Cystathionine synthase
glycogen phosphorylase

Answer 16

pyridoxine

Question 17

synthesis of niacin from tryptophan

requires this coenzyme

Answer 17

pyridoxine vit b6

Question 18

active form of folic acid

Answer 18

tetrahydrofolate

Question 19

receives 1 carbon fragments from donors (serine, glycine, histidine)
and transfers them to intermediates in synthesis of aa, purines, and thymine

Answer 19

folicacid vit b9

Question 20

coenzyme for methionine synthase,

methylmalonyl coa mutase

Answer 20

vit b12 cobalamin

Question 21

coenzyme for copper abd iron containing hydroxylases

1. proline and lysine hydroxylases in collagen
2. dopamine beta hydroxylase

Answer 21

ascorbic acid

Question 22

this vitamin enhances absorption of inorganic iron

Answer 22

vit c

Question 23

coenzyme for
pyruvate carboxylase
acetyl coa carboxylase
propionyl coa carboxylase

Answer 23

biotin

Vit H

Question 24

test for vit B1 deficiency

Answer 24

erythrocyte transketolase activity assay

Question 25

test for vit B6 deficiency

Answer 25

erythrocyte transaminase assay

Question 26

test for vit B12 deficiency

Answer 26

schilling test | methylmalonic acid test

Question 27

test for folate deficiency

Answer 27

miminoglutamic acid excretion test

Question 28

lipid soluble vitamins composed of _______ units

Answer 28

isoprene units

Question 29

vitamin D3

Answer 29

cholecalciferol

Question 30

vit D2

Answer 30

ergocalciferol

Question 31

this is normlly formed in the skin form 7-dehydrocholesterol when exposed to sunlight

Answer 31

vit D3

Question 32

this is commonly added to milk and butter

Answer 32

vit D2

Question 33

active form of vit D , which is a product of hydroxylation rxns in the liver and kidney

Answer 33

calcitriol | 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D

Question 34

forms of BVit E

Answer 34

tocopherols | tocotrienols

Question 35

sources of vit E

Answer 35

vegetable oils liver eggs

Question 36

source of Vit D3

Answer 36

fatty fish liver egg yolk

Question 37

antioxidant of cell membranes

Answer 37

Vit E

Question 38

vit K from green vegetables

Answer 38

phylloquinone

Question 39

vit K synthesized by intestinal bacteria

Answer 39

menaquinone

Question 40

synthetic vit K

Answer 40

menadione

Question 41

water soluble vitamins fx mainly as

Answer 41

enzyme cofactors

Question 42

sources of thiamine

Answer 42

``` pork fish seafood beef yoghurt fortified rice cereals bread flour ```

Question 43

forms of vit K

Answer 43

phylloquinone menaquinone menadione

Question 44

active forms of riboflavin

Answer 44

FMN -flavine mononucleotide | FAD -flavine adenine dinucleotide

Question 45

active forms of niacin

Answer 45

NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADP+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Question 46

synthesize from tryptophan, in a process that requires pyridoxine

Answer 46

niacin

Question 47

sources of niacin

Answer 47

``` tryptophan unrefned and enriched grains and cereal milk lean meat liver ```

Question 48

sources of pantothenic acid

Answer 48

eggs liver yeast

Question 49

active form of pyridoxine

Answer 49

pyridoxal 5’ phosphate

Question 50

source of pyridoxine

Answer 50

potatoes and starchy vegetbles, non-citrus fruits -> pyridoxine meat -> pyridoxal and pyridoxamine

Question 51

active form of folic acid

Answer 51

tetrahydrofolate

Question 52

sources of folic acid

Answer 52

fresh green vegetables | liver

Question 53

active form of cobalamin

Answer 53

methylcobalamin | deoxyadenosylcobalamin

Question 54

absorption of cobalamin requires

Answer 54

binding to cobalophilin and intrinsic factor

Question 55

sources of vit b12

Answer 55

``` liver whole milk eggs oysters shrimp pork chicken ```

Question 56

sore spongy gums loose teeth poor wound healing bone fracture

Answer 56

scurvy - vit C deficiency

Question 57

absorption of biotic inhibited by

Answer 57

avidin in egg whites