7. Digestion

Question 1

salivary α-amylase digests glycogen and starch yielding

Answer 1

dextrins- short branched

Question 2

digests dextrin into disaccharides

Answer 2

pancreatic α-amylase

Question 3

disaccharidases are found in

Answer 3

brush border

Question 4

majority of monosaccharide absorption occurs in

Answer 4

duodenum and

upper jejunum

Question 5

glucose and galactose are transported into enterocytes via

Answer 5

secondary active transport - protein SGLT

• with the Na ion
• require ATP

Question 6

Fructose is absorbed via

Answer 6

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

GLUT-5

Question 7

transport protein for galactose and glucose to enterocyte

Answer 7

SGLT

•no ATP required

Question 8

transport protein for fructose to enterocyte

Answer 8

GLUT 5

Question 9

how is glucose, galactose, and fructose are all transported from

from basement membrane of enterocyte ≈> PORTAL CIRCULATION

Answer 9

• GLUT 2

* facilitated diffusion

Question 10

why is CELLULOSE excreted unchanged?

Answer 10

it contains ß-glycosidic bonds

•cannot be digested by α-glycosidases

Question 11

is there carb digestion in stomach

Answer 11

• none

* low pH inhibits salivary amylase

Question 12

is there lipid digestion in the oral cavity

Answer 12

none

Question 13

enzymes in small intestines to digest carbs

Answer 13

pancreatic α-amylase

disaccharidases

Question 14

acid-stable lipase

Answer 14

lingual lipase

gastric lipase

Question 15

digest TAGs containing short and medium chain FA

Answer 15

lingual lipase

gastric lipase

Question 16

emulsification of lipids through bile salts and peristalsis occurs in the

Answer 16

duodenum

Question 17

digests TAGs into 2-monoacylglycerols and 2 free FA

Answer 17

Pancreatic lipase

Question 18

digests cholesteryl esters into cholesterol and FA

Answer 18

cholesteryl ester hydrolase

Question 19

requires colipase to fx

Answer 19

pancreatic lipase

Question 20

factors for digestion of lipids in the small intestines

Answer 20

• bile salts, peristalsis
• pancreatic lipase + colipase
• cholesteryl esters

Question 21

requires to form disk-shaped mixed micelles to be absorbed

Answer 21

• free FA
• cholesterol
• 2-monoacylglycerol
• fat-soluble vitamins

Question 22

not requierd to form disk-shaped mixed micelles to be absorbed

Answer 22

SHORT AND MEDIUM-CHAIN FA

Question 23

bile salts are reabsorbed in the

Answer 23

terminal ileum (enterohepatic circulation)

Question 24

•in this organelle of enterocytes, the dietary lipids are converted back
to TAGs and cholesteryl esters

Answer 24

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

•in this ER of enterocytes the dietary lipids are converted back
to TAGs and cholesteryl esters
exported as

Answer 25

chylomicrons and released into lymphatic circulation (lacteals )

Question 26

this FA bind to albumin and go to portal circumaltion

Answer 26

short- and medium chain FA

Question 27

HCl is secreted by

Answer 27

parietal cells

Question 28

this chemical is required to convert pepsinogen to pepsin

Answer 28

HCl

Question 29

pepsinogen is secreted by

Answer 29

chief cells

Question 30

• located on the brush border

* releases free amino acids from dipeptides and oligopeptides

Answer 30

aminopeptidases

Question 31

this activates trypsinogen

Answer 31

enteropeptidase

Question 32

zymogen released in the small intestine

Answer 32

trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen
proelastase
procarboxypeptidase

Question 33

Free amino acids are absorbed via

Answer 33

SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT

•coupled with Na+

Question 34

di- and tripeptides are absorbed via

Answer 34

H+ linked transport system

Question 35

from enterocytes , free amino acids are taken to the portal circulation via

Answer 35

FACILITATED DIFFUSION