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Basic Biochemistry > 17. Translation > Flashcards

17. Translation Flashcards

1
Q

this RNA is used as a template

A

mRNA

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2
Q

this RNA is used as an adapter molecule that carries amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain

A

tRNA

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3
Q

codon consists of

A

3 bases

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4
Q

how many total codons

A

64

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5
Q

how many codons code for amino acids

A

61

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6
Q

stop codons

A

3
•UAG
•UAA
•UGA

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7
Q

Characteristics of the genetic code

A
  1. degenerate
  2. unambiguous
  3. nonoverlapping
  4. universal
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8
Q

multiple codons may code for the same aa

A

degenerate

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9
Q

a specific codon always code for the same amino acid

A

unambiguous

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10
Q

the codons are read in a continuing sequence of nucleotide triplets until translation stop codon is reached

A

nonoverlapping

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11
Q

it has been conserved from very early stages of evolution, with only slight diff in the manner the code translated

A

universal

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12
Q

assembly of components for translation

A
  • 2 ribosomal subunits
  • mRNA
  • Aminoacyl tRNA containing first codon
  • initiation factors (IF-1, IF-2, IF-3, elF)
  • GTP (ATP for eukaryotes)
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13
Q

binding site for incoming aminoacyl tRNA

A

A site

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14
Q

this site is occupied by peptidyl tRNA

A

P site

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15
Q

occupied by the empty tRNA

A

E site

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16
Q

the first aminoacyl tRNA (exception) binds to

A

P site

17
Q

peptide bond formation if catalyzed by

A

peptidyltransferase

18
Q

termination of translation occurs when

A

one of the 3 termination codons move to the A ste

19
Q

Pairing of the tRNA anticodon with the mRNA codon proceeds from the 5’ end of the codon. Once the first two positions are paired, exact base pairing of the third position is less critical.

A

tRNA wobble

20
Q

addition of single amino acid to the polypeptide chain requires

A

cleavage of 4 high energy bonds from ATP and GTP

21
Q

post translational modifications in translation

A
  1. removal of excess aa
  2. phosphorylation
  3. glycosylation
  4. hydroxylation
  5. ubiquitin marked- degraded by proteasomes
22
Q

death cap

A

Amanita phalloides

23
Q

toxin of amanita mushroom

A

peptide toxin

alpha-amanitin - inhibits RNA polymerase II

24
Q

rmanifestations of amanita poisoning

A

gastrointestinal symptoms

acute liver failure

25
Q

toxin of corynebacterium diptheriae , and MOA

A

diptheria toxin , exotoxin
• inactivates the eukaryotic elongation factor EF-2 , preventing translocation
–> local tissue destruction, pseudomembrane formation

Basic Biochemistry (50 decks)

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