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Basic Biochemistry > 45. Carbohydrates > Flashcards

45. Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

most abundant organic molecule in nature

A

carbohydrates

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2
Q

empiric formula of carbs

A

(CH2O)n

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3
Q

major energy source
storage form of energy
component of cell membranes
structuralc component in plants, bacteria, insects

A

carbohydrates

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4
Q

one sugar unit

A

monosaccharides

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5
Q

two sugar units

A

disaccharides

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6
Q

two sugar units

A

disaccharides

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7
Q

3-10 usgar units

A

oligosaccharides

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8
Q

more than 10 sugar units

A

polysaccharides

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9
Q

hexoses

A

glucose
fructose
galactose
mannose

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10
Q

pentoses

A

ribose
ribulose
xylulose

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11
Q

disaccharides

A

sucrose
lactose
maltose

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12
Q

polysaccharides

A

glycogen
starch
cellulose inulin

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13
Q

reduction of glucose yields

A

sorbitol

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14
Q

oxidation of glucose yields

A

glucuronic acid

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15
Q

main metabolic fuel for tissues

A

glucose

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16
Q

sugar from fruit juices

A

fructose

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17
Q
  • this sugar is synthesized from mammary glands

* constituent of glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

galactose

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18
Q

structural component of nucleic acids and coenzymes

A

ribose

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19
Q

this pentose is an intermediate in PPP

A

ribulose

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20
Q

this pentose is excreted in urine in ESSENTIAL PENTOSURIA

A

xylulose

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21
Q

gluctose + fructose

A

sucrose

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22
Q

sucrase deficiency lead to

A

diarrhea

flatulence

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23
Q

glucose + galactose

A

lactose

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24
Q

lactase deficiency leads to

A

diarrhea

flatulence

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25
Q

this disaccharide may be excreted in uring during pregnancy

A

lactose

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26
Q

glucose + glucose

A

maltose

27
Q

intermediate in digestion of starch

disacchride

A

maltose

28
Q

storage polysaccharide in animals

A

glycogen

29
Q

Most important dietaryb carb in cereals, potatoes, legumes and other vegetables

A

starch

30
Q

chief constituent of plant cell walls

A

cellulose

31
Q

polysaccharide of fructose that is readily soluble in water and is used to determine glomerular filtration rate

A

inulin

32
Q

glucose to enter adipose and muscle

A

needs insulin

33
Q

glucose when entering intestinal mucosa, brain and liver

A

insulin is not needed

34
Q

this glucose transporter is found in

brain
kidney
colon 
placenta 
RBCs
A

GLUT 1

35
Q 
this glucose transporter is found in 
liver
pancreas
small intestine 
kidney
A

GLUT 2

36
Q

this glucose transporter is found in
brain
kidney
placenta

A

GLUT 3

37
Q

this glucose transporter is found in
heart
skeletal muscle
adipose tissue

A

GLUT 4

38
Q

this glucose transporter
is found in
small intestine

A

GLUT 5

39
Q

this glucose transporter is found in
small intestine
and kidney

A

SGLT 1

40
Q

this glucose transporter is for glucose uptake

A

GLUT 1
GLUT 2
GLUT 3

41
Q

this glucose transporter is for rapid uptake OR

RELEASE of glucose

A

GLUT 2

42
Q

this glucose transporter is for INSULIN-stimulated uptake of glucose

A

heart
skeletal muscle
adipose tissue

43
Q

sodium-dependent active uptake of glucose against a conc gradient

A

SGLT 1

44
Q

sum of all chemical rxns in a cell, tissue, or a whole body

A

metabolism

45
Q

synthesis of compounds from smaller, raw materials

A

anabolic

46
Q

breakdown of larger molecules

A

catabolic

47
Q

endergonic

and divergent process of metabolism

A

anabolic

48
Q

exergonic and convergent process

A

catabolic

49
Q

produces ATP

A

catabolic

50
Q

crossroads of metabolism

A

amphibolic

51
Q

links between catabolic and anabolic pathways

A

amphibolic

52
Q

neutrotransmitters

type of signaling

A

synaptic signaling

53
Q

second messenger enumerate

A
  1. cAMP
  2. IP3/ DAG
  3. cGMP
  4. Tyrosine kinase
  5. Intracellular
54
Q

protein kinase of

cAMP

A

protein kinase A

55
Q

protein kinase of

IP3/DAG

A

protein kinase C

56
Q

protein kinase of

cGMP

A

protein kinase C

57
Q

protein kinase of

tyrosine kinase

A

Tyrosine kinase/ JAK-STAT

58
Q

what is the second messenger of

glucagon

A

cAMP

59
Q

what is the second messenger of

epinephrine alpha 1

A

IP3/DAG

60
Q

what is the second messenger of

epinephrine, b1, alpha 2

A

cAMP

61
Q

what is the second messenger of

ANP

A

cGMP

62
Q

what is the second messenger of

NO

A

cGMP

63
Q

what is the second messenger of

insulin

A

tyrosine kianse

64
Q

what is the second messenger of

insulin like growth receptor

A

tyrosine kinase

Basic Biochemistry (50 decks)

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