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Basic Biochemistry > 45. Carbohydrates > Flashcards

45. Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

most abundant organic molecule in nature

A

carbohydrates

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2
Q

empiric formula of carbs

A

(CH2O)n

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3
Q

major energy source
storage form of energy
component of cell membranes
structuralc component in plants, bacteria, insects

A

carbohydrates

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4
Q

one sugar unit

A

monosaccharides

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5
Q

two sugar units

A

disaccharides

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6
Q

two sugar units

A

disaccharides

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7
Q

3-10 usgar units

A

oligosaccharides

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8
Q

more than 10 sugar units

A

polysaccharides

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9
Q

hexoses

A

glucose
fructose
galactose
mannose

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10
Q

pentoses

A

ribose
ribulose
xylulose

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11
Q

disaccharides

A

sucrose
lactose
maltose

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12
Q

polysaccharides

A

glycogen
starch
cellulose inulin

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13
Q

reduction of glucose yields

A

sorbitol

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14
Q

oxidation of glucose yields

A

glucuronic acid

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15
Q

main metabolic fuel for tissues

A

glucose

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16
Q

sugar from fruit juices

A

fructose

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17
Q
  • this sugar is synthesized from mammary glands

* constituent of glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

galactose

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18
Q

structural component of nucleic acids and coenzymes

A

ribose

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19
Q

this pentose is an intermediate in PPP

A

ribulose

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20
Q

this pentose is excreted in urine in ESSENTIAL PENTOSURIA

A

xylulose

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21
Q

gluctose + fructose

A

sucrose

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22
Q

sucrase deficiency lead to

A

diarrhea

flatulence

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23
Q

glucose + galactose

A

lactose

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24
Q

lactase deficiency leads to

A

diarrhea

flatulence

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25
this disaccharide may be excreted in uring during pregnancy
lactose
26
glucose + glucose
maltose
27
intermediate in digestion of starch | disacchride
maltose
28
storage polysaccharide in animals
glycogen
29
Most important dietaryb carb in cereals, potatoes, legumes and other vegetables
starch
30
chief constituent of plant cell walls
cellulose
31
polysaccharide of fructose that is readily soluble in water and is used to determine glomerular filtration rate
inulin
32
glucose to enter adipose and muscle
needs insulin
33
glucose when entering intestinal mucosa, brain and liver
insulin is not needed
34
this glucose transporter is found in ``` brain kidney colon placenta RBCs ```
GLUT 1
35
``` this glucose transporter is found in liver pancreas small intestine kidney ```
GLUT 2
36
this glucose transporter is found in brain kidney placenta
GLUT 3
37
this glucose transporter is found in heart skeletal muscle adipose tissue
GLUT 4
38
this glucose transporter is found in small intestine
GLUT 5
39
this glucose transporter is found in small intestine and kidney
SGLT 1
40
this glucose transporter is for glucose uptake
GLUT 1 GLUT 2 GLUT 3
41
this glucose transporter is for rapid uptake OR | RELEASE of glucose
GLUT 2
42
this glucose transporter is for INSULIN-stimulated uptake of glucose
heart skeletal muscle adipose tissue
43
sodium-dependent active uptake of glucose against a conc gradient
SGLT 1
44
sum of all chemical rxns in a cell, tissue, or a whole body
metabolism
45
synthesis of compounds from smaller, raw materials
anabolic
46
breakdown of larger molecules
catabolic
47
endergonic | and divergent process of metabolism
anabolic
48
exergonic and convergent process
catabolic
49
produces ATP
catabolic
50
crossroads of metabolism
amphibolic
51
links between catabolic and anabolic pathways
amphibolic
52
neutrotransmitters | type of signaling
synaptic signaling
53
second messenger enumerate
1. cAMP 2. IP3/ DAG 3. cGMP 4. Tyrosine kinase 5. Intracellular
54
protein kinase of | cAMP
protein kinase A
55
protein kinase of | IP3/DAG
protein kinase C
56
protein kinase of | cGMP
protein kinase C
57
protein kinase of | tyrosine kinase
Tyrosine kinase/ JAK-STAT
58
what is the second messenger of | glucagon
cAMP
59
what is the second messenger of | epinephrine alpha 1
IP3/DAG
60
what is the second messenger of | epinephrine, b1, alpha 2
cAMP
61
what is the second messenger of | ANP
cGMP
62
what is the second messenger of | NO
cGMP
63
what is the second messenger of | insulin
tyrosine kianse
64
what is the second messenger of | insulin like growth receptor
tyrosine kinase

Basic Biochemistry (50 decks)

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