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A & P 2 LECTURE > 5/5- Reproductive Sytem (Exam 4) > Flashcards

5/5- Reproductive Sytem (Exam 4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

Responsible for the production of specialized sex cells

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2
Q

What are the specialized sex cells caused?

A

Gametes

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3
Q

What are egg cells called?

A

Ovum (sg)

Ova (pl)

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4
Q

What is a gonad?

A

Sex gland

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6
Q

What is the ovary (sg) or ovaries (pl)?

A

Female sex gland

Where ova is produced

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7
Q

What are seminiferous tubules?

A

Long coil in testes

Where sperm cells form

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8
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Process of sperm forming

Begins in cells edge

Occurs as moving to lumen

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9
Q

What is going in the lumen?

A

Mature sperm cells

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10
Q

What are Sertoli cells?

A

Help to nourish developing sperm cells as they are growing and aid in their transformation

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11
Q

What are leydig cells or interstitial cells?

A

Cells between seminiferous tubules

Produce testosterone

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12
Q

What are the 3 parts of sperm?

A

1) head
2) body
3) flagellum- long tail

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13
Q

What is an acrosome?

A

Derived from the Golgi apparatus

Contains enzyme that digests it’s way through the layers of the egg

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14
Q

What is a scrotum?

A

Sack outside of body testes live in

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15
Q

What is an epididymis?

A

Contains coiled tubules

Long coiled rube mountain over testes

Sperm needs to stay in here for 18 hrs before it can move on it’s own

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16
Q

Testes + epididymis = ?

A

Testicle

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17
Q

What is a vans deferens or ductus deferens?

A

Brings sperm up from scrotum through abdominal

Leads through higher parts of the male reproductive system

Passes through inguinal canal

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18
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Opening in musculature of the body wall

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19
Q

What is severed in a vasectomy?

A

Vas deferens is severed

Irreversible

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20
Q

What is the testicular artery?

A

Bringing fresh blood into the testes

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21
Q

What is the testicular vein?

A

Draining blood out of testes

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22
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Allow you to identify the sex on sight

Not directly involved with reproduction

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23
Q

What is the ampulla in a male?

A

Structure towards end of van deferens

Widens

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24
Q

Seminal vesicle + ampulla forms what?

A

Forms a tube that leads through prostate (beneath bladder)

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25
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct?

A

Passageway running through prostate formed by ampulla and seminal vesicle

Unites with the urethra (prostatic urethra)

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26
Q

What contributes to semen?

A

Seminal vesicles

Prostate

Bulbourethra glands or Cowper’s glands

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27
Q

What does the seminal vesicle contribute to semen?

A

Fructose so sperm cells have energy to swim

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28
Q

What does the prostate contribute to semen?

A

Coagulation proteins- makes it feel like

Fibrinolysin- causes semen to liquify in 20 mins and breaks down coagulation proteins

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29
Q

What does the bulbourethra gland contribute to semen?

A

Very little

Act as preseminal fluid:

  • act as lubricant during sex
  • alkaline pH so urethras acidic pH doesn’t kill sperm cells
30
Q

What is emission?

A

Movement of semen into base of urethra at sexual climax

31
Q

What is ejaculation?

A

Forcible ejection from three body a few moments after emission

Occurs in several waves

3mL or 1 teaspoon of semen produced

150 million spent cells

50 million is infertile

32
Q

What is the penis?

A

Vascular structure

Composed of erectile tissue

Urethra is in penis and helps with sperm movement

33
Q

What is corpora cavernosa?

A

Full with blood during erection

2 cylinders forming penis on top

Covered by CT so looks like one structure

34
Q

What is corpus spongiosum?

A

Cylinder forming penis below

Forms glands penis

35
Q

What is glands or glands penis?

A

Front part of corpus spongiosum expands to form cap like structure

36
Q

What do the parasympathetic nerves do for erection?

A

Blood vessels dilate

Dilation causes erectile cylinders to fill with blood causing them to expand, lengthen and thicken

Constrict veins so blood doesn’t leave

37
Q

What are the 4 general phases of sex going in men and women?

A

1) arousal
2) plateau phase
3) orgasm
4) resolution phase

38
Q

What is arousal?

A

Erection of penis and clitoris

39
Q

What is the plateau phase?

A

Occur if sex begins

Extended period of time in which there is a maximum engorgement of the sexual structures

40
Q

What is an orgasm?

A

Male- ejaculates semen

Female- vaginal contractions similar to male response

41
Q

Sympathetic nerves are used for?

A

Emission and ejaculation

42
Q

Parasympathetic nerves are used for?

A

Erection

43
Q

What is the resolution phase?

A

Body returns to prearousal conditions

Male- refractory period cannot have another orgasm

Female- can have multiple orgasms

44
Q

What is the clitoris similar to in a male?

A

Penis

45
Q

What erectile tissues does the female have?

A

2 corpora cavernosa

46
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

Space between Labina minora

47
Q

What is the labina minora?

A

Inner lips

48
Q

What is the labina majora?

A

Large outer lips

Same as male scrotum

2 smaller folds

1) lamina minora
2) vestibule

49
Q

What are the glands in the vestibule that create mucus like material used for lubrication during sex?

A

1) paraurethral glands
- either side of urethra
- similar to male prostate

2) vestibular glands or bartholins glands
- equivalent to bulbourethra glands in men

50
Q

What is a vagina?

A

Tube like structure that receives the penis during sex and forms birth canal during childbirth

51
Q

What is rugae?

A

Lining in vagina that forms transverse ridges

Stimulates the penis

Stratified squamous epithelium

52
Q

What is the vaginal orifice?

A

External opening of vagina

Partially blocked by the hymen

53
Q

What is the hymen?

A

Thin membrane or sheet of tissue that partially blocks the vaginal orifice

54
Q

What is the uterus?

A

Back of vagina

Consists of 3 parts

1) fundus
2) body
3) cervix

55
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Part of uterus that interfaces with the vagina

Only part of uterus that can be seen from the outside

Projects into back of vagina

56
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Crease along the edge of cervix

57
Q

What is the Os?

A

Small opening of center of cervix

“Mouth” of uterus

58
Q

What are the cervical glands?

A

Produces mucus to block opening of Os

59
Q

When does mucus become watery?

A

During ovulation and sperm can go through and into uterus

60
Q

What are the Fallopian tubes or uterine tubes or oviducts?

A

Connected to uterus on both sides

61
Q

What are the finger like structures on the Fallopian tubes called and what do they do?

A

Fimbriae

Grabs egg and through collard action drive it into infundibulum and then up the rest of the tube

62
Q

What is the fimbriae connected to?

A

Infundibulum

63
Q

What is the infundibulum connected to and what does it do?

A

Ampulla

For viable pregnancy fertilization has to happen here

64
Q

What does the ampulla connect to?

A

Isthmus

Narrow tube

65
Q

How many sperm cells survive to actually teach the Fallopian tubes?

A

100

66
Q

What is capacitation?

A

Ejaculation sperm is not fertile

Only become fertile when they go in female reproductive tract and stay for 7 hours before they can fertilize anything

67
Q

What are the 2 layers surround the egg?

A

1) zona pellucida
- inner gel like layer

2) corona Radiata
- outer layer
- left over granulosa cells

68
Q

What happens when the sperm head touched the egg?

A

They fuse

Nucleus of sperm is deposited in egg

Membrane of egg changes so no other sperm can get in

69
Q

What are testis (sg) or testes (pl)?

A

Male gonad

A & P 2 LECTURE (23 decks)

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