5/5- Reproductive Sytem (Exam 4) Flashcards
What is the reproductive system?
Responsible for the production of specialized sex cells
What are the specialized sex cells caused?
Gametes
What are egg cells called?
Ovum (sg)
Ova (pl)
What is a gonad?
Sex gland
What is the ovary (sg) or ovaries (pl)?
Female sex gland
Where ova is produced
What are seminiferous tubules?
Long coil in testes
Where sperm cells form
What is spermatogenesis?
Process of sperm forming
Begins in cells edge
Occurs as moving to lumen
What is going in the lumen?
Mature sperm cells
What are Sertoli cells?
Help to nourish developing sperm cells as they are growing and aid in their transformation
What are leydig cells or interstitial cells?
Cells between seminiferous tubules
Produce testosterone
What are the 3 parts of sperm?
1) head
2) body
3) flagellum- long tail
What is an acrosome?
Derived from the Golgi apparatus
Contains enzyme that digests it’s way through the layers of the egg
What is a scrotum?
Sack outside of body testes live in
What is an epididymis?
Contains coiled tubules
Long coiled rube mountain over testes
Sperm needs to stay in here for 18 hrs before it can move on it’s own
Testes + epididymis = ?
Testicle
What is a vans deferens or ductus deferens?
Brings sperm up from scrotum through abdominal
Leads through higher parts of the male reproductive system
Passes through inguinal canal
What is the inguinal canal?
Opening in musculature of the body wall
What is severed in a vasectomy?
Vas deferens is severed
Irreversible
What is the testicular artery?
Bringing fresh blood into the testes
What is the testicular vein?
Draining blood out of testes
What are secondary sexual characteristics?
Allow you to identify the sex on sight
Not directly involved with reproduction
What is the ampulla in a male?
Structure towards end of van deferens
Widens
Seminal vesicle + ampulla forms what?
Forms a tube that leads through prostate (beneath bladder)
What is the ejaculatory duct?
Passageway running through prostate formed by ampulla and seminal vesicle
Unites with the urethra (prostatic urethra)
What contributes to semen?
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbourethra glands or Cowper’s glands
What does the seminal vesicle contribute to semen?
Fructose so sperm cells have energy to swim
What does the prostate contribute to semen?
Coagulation proteins- makes it feel like
Fibrinolysin- causes semen to liquify in 20 mins and breaks down coagulation proteins
What does the bulbourethra gland contribute to semen?
Very little
Act as preseminal fluid:
- act as lubricant during sex
- alkaline pH so urethras acidic pH doesn’t kill sperm cells
What is emission?
Movement of semen into base of urethra at sexual climax
What is ejaculation?
Forcible ejection from three body a few moments after emission
Occurs in several waves
3mL or 1 teaspoon of semen produced
150 million spent cells
50 million is infertile
What is the penis?
Vascular structure
Composed of erectile tissue
Urethra is in penis and helps with sperm movement
What is corpora cavernosa?
Full with blood during erection
2 cylinders forming penis on top
Covered by CT so looks like one structure
What is corpus spongiosum?
Cylinder forming penis below
Forms glands penis
What is glands or glands penis?
Front part of corpus spongiosum expands to form cap like structure
What do the parasympathetic nerves do for erection?
Blood vessels dilate
Dilation causes erectile cylinders to fill with blood causing them to expand, lengthen and thicken
Constrict veins so blood doesn’t leave
What are the 4 general phases of sex going in men and women?
1) arousal
2) plateau phase
3) orgasm
4) resolution phase
What is arousal?
Erection of penis and clitoris
What is the plateau phase?
Occur if sex begins
Extended period of time in which there is a maximum engorgement of the sexual structures
What is an orgasm?
Male- ejaculates semen
Female- vaginal contractions similar to male response
Sympathetic nerves are used for?
Emission and ejaculation
Parasympathetic nerves are used for?
Erection
What is the resolution phase?
Body returns to prearousal conditions
Male- refractory period cannot have another orgasm
Female- can have multiple orgasms
What is the clitoris similar to in a male?
Penis
What erectile tissues does the female have?
2 corpora cavernosa
What is the vestibule?
Space between Labina minora
What is the labina minora?
Inner lips
What is the labina majora?
Large outer lips
Same as male scrotum
2 smaller folds
1) lamina minora
2) vestibule
What are the glands in the vestibule that create mucus like material used for lubrication during sex?
1) paraurethral glands
- either side of urethra
- similar to male prostate
2) vestibular glands or bartholins glands
- equivalent to bulbourethra glands in men
What is a vagina?
Tube like structure that receives the penis during sex and forms birth canal during childbirth
What is rugae?
Lining in vagina that forms transverse ridges
Stimulates the penis
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the vaginal orifice?
External opening of vagina
Partially blocked by the hymen
What is the hymen?
Thin membrane or sheet of tissue that partially blocks the vaginal orifice
What is the uterus?
Back of vagina
Consists of 3 parts
1) fundus
2) body
3) cervix
What is the cervix?
Part of uterus that interfaces with the vagina
Only part of uterus that can be seen from the outside
Projects into back of vagina
What is the fornix?
Crease along the edge of cervix
What is the Os?
Small opening of center of cervix
“Mouth” of uterus
What are the cervical glands?
Produces mucus to block opening of Os
When does mucus become watery?
During ovulation and sperm can go through and into uterus
What are the Fallopian tubes or uterine tubes or oviducts?
Connected to uterus on both sides
What are the finger like structures on the Fallopian tubes called and what do they do?
Fimbriae
Grabs egg and through collard action drive it into infundibulum and then up the rest of the tube
What is the fimbriae connected to?
Infundibulum
What is the infundibulum connected to and what does it do?
Ampulla
For viable pregnancy fertilization has to happen here
What does the ampulla connect to?
Isthmus
Narrow tube
How many sperm cells survive to actually teach the Fallopian tubes?
100
What is capacitation?
Ejaculation sperm is not fertile
Only become fertile when they go in female reproductive tract and stay for 7 hours before they can fertilize anything
What are the 2 layers surround the egg?
1) zona pellucida
- inner gel like layer
2) corona Radiata
- outer layer
- left over granulosa cells
What happens when the sperm head touched the egg?
They fuse
Nucleus of sperm is deposited in egg
Membrane of egg changes so no other sperm can get in
What are testis (sg) or testes (pl)?
Male gonad
