3/24- Lympathetic System (Exam 3) Flashcards
What is the lymphatic system?
Parallel circulatory system
System of vessels that run next to blood vessels
Carry lymph under low pressure
What is lymph?
Fluid CT
What are the 4 functions of the lymphatic system?
1) returns excess interstitial fluid to venous circulation
2) thus, helps to maintain normal blood pressure
3) lipid transport
4) fights infections
Explain function 1
Drain away extra interstitial fluid out of tissue because it builds up and dump into veins
Explain function 2
Blood volume drops and person can go into shock
Returning interstitial fluid we maintain the blood volume because it gets emptied into a vein
Explain function 3
Lipids enter lymphatic system because too big to enter blood
Fatty acids enter lacteal
Travel in lymph duct through system
Fatty acids get into blood from a larger vessel
Explain function 4
Major function
Much of where immune system resides in lymphatic system
What are lymphatic vessels?
Carry lymph through the body and dump it into venous system
What is the lymphatic capillaries or terminal lymphatics?
Smallest vessels
Branch through the tissues
Originated from blind pockets
Microscopic (larger diameter)
Simple squamous epithelium
- cells overlap each other
- fluid goes through
- fluid gets stuck that try to leave
What are lymph ducts?
Large vessels
Beaded appearance because of bulges
What does a beaded appearance on the lymph duct mark?
One way valves
What is the right lymphatic duct?
Drains lymph from upper right part of body
Right side of: Face Neck Shoulder Arm Upper right chest
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain?
Right subclavian vein
What is the thoracic duct?
Drains lymph from the rest of your body
Where does the thoracic duct drain?
Left subclavian vein
What is the cisterna chyli?
Lymph collecting from lower body
Attached to thoracic duct That dumps into left subclavian vein
What are lymphocytes and the 3 kinds?
WBC living in lymphatic system
3 kinds
1) T cells or lymphocytes
2) B cells or lymphocytes
3) NK (natural killers) cells or lymphocytes
Where are T cells produced?
Thymus
Where are B and NK cells produced?
Red bone marrow
What immune defenses are T and B cells involved in?
Specific immune defenses
What immune defenses are NK cells involved in?
Non specific immune defenses
What are T cells?
Majority of lymphocytes (80%)
Primary players in cell mediated immunity
What is cell mediated immunity?
One of your defense cells attack your cells
What are the different kinds of T cells?
1) cytotoxic T cells
2) helper T cells
3) Suppressor T cells
What are cytotoxic T cells?
Cells that attack other cells in mediated cell immunity
What are helper T cells?
Stimulate other T and B cells Into action
Activating our immune response
What are suppressor T cells?
Inhibit the activity of T and B cells
So your immune system doesn’t fight your own body
What are B cells?
Transform into plasma cells
Involved in antibody mediated immunity
What are plasma cells?
Antibody factory
Immunoglobulin
What is antibody mediated immunity or humoral immunity or humoral response?
Antibodies attack anything in body fluid
Even dissolved chemicals
What are NK cells?
Non specific defenses
Go after tumor cells
Immunological surveillance
Tumor specific antigen
What is immunological surveillance?
Patrol through body and if they encounter foreign cell they attack
What is tumor specific antigen?
Oddball chemicals that show up in the membrane of cells in your body when they become tumor cells
What is lymphpoieses?
Formation of lymphocytes
What are the 2 basic structures in the lymphatic system?
1) lymphatic tissue
2) lymphoid organs
What are lymphatic tissue?
No definitive edge
Blend with surrounding tissue
Can’t tell where the begin or end
Include MALT
What is Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?
Take form of Nodule in CT
Example is your tonsils
What is a nodule?
Tons of WBC in CT
What are the 3 kinds of tonsils?
1) pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids
2) palatine tonsils
- back of roof of mouth
- pair of them (right and left)
3) lingual tonsils
- back of tongue
- pair of them (right and left)
Loaded with WBC and activates specific defenses
What is a hilus?
Depression in lymph node
What are the afferent lymph ducts?
Bring lymph in
Ducts entering lymph node
What is the efferent lymph duct?
Lymph duct leaving lymph node
Take lymph out
What is lymphadenopathy or adenopathy?
Lymph node swells if a lot are needed to fight off infection
What is the thymus?
2 parts:
1) cortex
2) medulla
In mediastinum
Pink and grainy
Bottom of neck to top of heart
Shrinks as you get older
T cells produced
What is the cortex of the thymus?
Outer layer
Lymphocytes become T cells
What is the medulla of the thymus?
Inner layer
T cells migrate here when they mature
Leave thymus
What are the hormones the thymus produces?
Thymosins
What is are the 3 functions of the spleen?
1) filter of blood to remove old RBC
2) store iron from hemoglobin
3) start specific immune responses
Adults contains largest collection of lymphatic tissue
What is the tissue of the spleen called and the 2 kinds and explain them
Pulp
1) red pulp- iron is stored
2) white pulp- filters blood removing invaders and starts immune responses
Where is the spleen located?
Left hand side of body
High up of abdominal cavity
What is the artery and vein of the spleen called?
Splenic Arter- part of celiac trunk
Splenic Vein- part of hepatic portal system
What is a lymph node?
Hilus
Afferent and efferent lymph ducts
Filter the lymph
1-25 (1 in)
Connected to lymph ducts
