4/24- Respiratory System Cont (Exam 4) Flashcards
What is respiratory minute volume? (VE)
The volume of air that moves in and out of your lungs over the course of a minute
What is the tidal volume? VT
Volume of air that moves in and out of your lungs each time you take a breath
What is the respiratory rate? f
Number of breathes you take in a minute
What is the formula for the respiratory minute volume?
VE = respiratory rate (f) x tidal volume (VT)
What is the anatomic dead space?
Most of air is filling conducting zone
Tiny amount actually gets into the alveoli
No gas exchange
What is VD?
Volume filling the anatomic dead space
What alveolar ventilation? VA
Volume of useful air that moves in and out of the lungs over the course of a minute
Reaches respiratory surfaces
What is the formula for alveolar ventilation?
VA = f x (VT-VD)
What is oxyhemoglobin?
Hemoglobin carrying oxygen
99%
What is carbaminohemoglobin?
Hemoglobin carrying CO2
25%
What is the hemoglobin saturation?
Percent of heme groups carrying O2
What are the 4 things affecting the hemoglobin saturation?
1) concentration of O2 in the blood
2) pH of the blood
3) temperature of the blood
4) metabolic activity of RBC’s
What is the oxygen- hemoglobin saturation curve or the oxygen- hemoglobin dissociation curve?
How much O2 hemoglobin can carry
What happens to hemoglobin when it binds to a molecule of O2?
Each time the Hb changes shape and it’s easier to bind to O2
When there is a small change in PO2 what kind of change is there in the percent of saturation?
Big change
How does pH affect Hb?
How much O2 can be carried
How is carbonic acid formed?
In capillary beds the pH becomes more acidic because we pick up CO2 and when CO2 enters the plasma (H2O) they combine
What is the Bohr effect?
Change in pH that causes Hb to change shape that causes the Hb O2 saturation curve to shift slightly to the right
What is the physiological significance if pH changing?
Blood is traveling through capillary bed
Hb will release O2
Exactly what needs to be done
What happens when the temp gets warmer?
Hb will not be able to carry as much O2
Happens in capillary bed
What are 2 ways CO2 can be carried in the blood?
1) dissolved in the plasma (7%)
2) bound to Hb (25%)
3) carbonic acid or bicarbonate (majority)
What happens if the body is too acidic?
Moves to the left
Too many H+ ions
What happens if the body is too basic?
Moves to the right
Not enough H+ ions
Where does CO2 exit in the lungs?
To alveolus
