4/24- Respiratory System Cont (Exam 4)

Question 1

What is respiratory minute volume? (VE)

Answer 1

The volume of air that moves in and out of your lungs over the course of a minute

Question 2

What is the tidal volume? VT

Answer 2

Volume of air that moves in and out of your lungs each time you take a breath

Question 3

What is the respiratory rate? f

Answer 3

Number of breathes you take in a minute

Question 4

What is the formula for the respiratory minute volume?

Answer 4

VE = respiratory rate (f) x tidal volume (VT)

Question 5

What is the anatomic dead space?

Answer 5

Most of air is filling conducting zone

Tiny amount actually gets into the alveoli

No gas exchange

Question 6

What is VD?

Answer 6

Volume filling the anatomic dead space

Question 7

What alveolar ventilation? VA

Answer 7

Volume of useful air that moves in and out of the lungs over the course of a minute

Reaches respiratory surfaces

Question 8

What is the formula for alveolar ventilation?

Answer 8

VA = f x (VT-VD)

Question 9

What is oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 9

Hemoglobin carrying oxygen

99%

Question 10

What is carbaminohemoglobin?

Answer 10

Hemoglobin carrying CO2

25%

Question 11

What is the hemoglobin saturation?

Answer 11

Percent of heme groups carrying O2

Question 12

What are the 4 things affecting the hemoglobin saturation?

Answer 12

1) concentration of O2 in the blood
2) pH of the blood
3) temperature of the blood
4) metabolic activity of RBC’s

Question 13

What is the oxygen- hemoglobin saturation curve or the oxygen- hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Answer 13

How much O2 hemoglobin can carry

Question 14

What happens to hemoglobin when it binds to a molecule of O2?

Answer 14

Each time the Hb changes shape and it’s easier to bind to O2

Question 15

When there is a small change in PO2 what kind of change is there in the percent of saturation?

Answer 15

Big change

Question 16

How does pH affect Hb?

Answer 16

How much O2 can be carried

Question 17

How is carbonic acid formed?

Answer 17

In capillary beds the pH becomes more acidic because we pick up CO2 and when CO2 enters the plasma (H2O) they combine

Question 18

What is the Bohr effect?

Answer 18

Change in pH that causes Hb to change shape that causes the Hb O2 saturation curve to shift slightly to the right

Question 19

What is the physiological significance if pH changing?

Answer 19

Blood is traveling through capillary bed

Hb will release O2

Exactly what needs to be done

Question 20

What happens when the temp gets warmer?

Answer 20

Hb will not be able to carry as much O2

Happens in capillary bed

Question 21

What are 2 ways CO2 can be carried in the blood?

Answer 21

1) dissolved in the plasma (7%)
2) bound to Hb (25%)
3) carbonic acid or bicarbonate (majority)

Question 22

What happens if the body is too acidic?

Answer 22

Moves to the left

Too many H+ ions

Question 23

What happens if the body is too basic?

Answer 23

Moves to the right

Not enough H+ ions

Question 24

Where does CO2 exit in the lungs?

Answer 24

To alveolus