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A & P 2 LECTURE > 2/13- Heart (Exam 1) > Flashcards

2/13- Heart (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Near anterior chest behind sternum

Slightly to the left of center

As big as your fist

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2
Q

What is the top of the heart known as?

A

Base

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3
Q

What is the bottom of the heart called?

A

Apex

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4
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

Sits in chamber in center of chest

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5
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Line chamber and surface of the heart

Example of a serous membrane

Produces double layer

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6
Q

What does a serous membrane secrete?

A

Serous fluid or transedate

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7
Q

What is pericardial fluid?

A

Specific name for serous fluid produced by pericardium

Reduces friction and acts as lubricant because when the heart beats the layers rub against each other

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8
Q

What is the 2 layers of the pericardium?

A

1) visceral pericardium- layer on top of heart

2) parietal pericardium- outer layer

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9
Q

What is the space between the 2 layers called?

A

Pericardial cavity

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10
Q

What is a pericarditis?

A

Infection of the pericardium

The layers are inflamed and when they rub against each other it makes a scratchy sound

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11
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

As a result of pericarditis more lubrication is made to cut the friction but too much fluid can squeeze the heart and restrict movement

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12
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Group of structures in the center of the chest

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13
Q

What are the organs in the mediastinum?

A 
Heart
Esophagus 
Trachea
Primary bronchi 
Blood vessels 
Thymus
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14
Q

What are the 3 layers of the hearts wall?

A

1) endocardium (inner layer)
2) myocardium (thickest layer)
3) epicardium or visceral pericardium (outer layer)

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15
Q

What does myo mean?

A

Muscle

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16
Q

What is the endocardium layer?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

Lining of the heart

17
Q

What is the myocardium layer?

A

Where we find cardiac muscle

Needs blood supply

18
Q

What is myocardial infarction (MI)?

A

Heart attack

When the blood supply in the myocardium is cut off the muscle dies

The dead tissue is replaced with scar tissue

19
Q

What does infarction mean?

A

The death of something because blood supply was cut off

20
Q

What are the 2 chambers of the top of the heart?

A

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

21
Q

What are the 2 chambers of the bottom of the heart?

A

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

22
Q

What is a pulmonary circuit?

A

Right atrium and ventricle feeds blood to lungs for gas exchange

23
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

Left atrium and ventricle feeds blood to the body

24
Q

What is the system of events that happens between the right and left side of the heart?

A

1) RA and RV pump blood to the lungs then to LA and LV (pulmonary circuit)
2) LA and LV pump blood to the body and then back to the RA and RV (systemic circuit)

25
Q

What are the auricles?

A

Ear shaped fold out of the heart

Small part of atrium you can see from the outside

26
Q

What is a coronary sulcus or atriaventricular sulcus?

A

Deep groove that separates the atriums from the ventricles on the outside of the heart

27
Q

What is the anterior intraventricular sulcus?

A

Sulcus that marks where the wall is that separates the ventricles

Anterior view and on outside of heart

28
Q

What is the posterior intraventicular sulcus?

A

Sulcus that marks where the wall is that separates the ventricles

Posteriorly and on outside of heart

29
Q

What is in the sulci?

A

Blood vessels because the heart is living tissue and needs an oxygen supply

Fat

30
Q

What is the interventricular septum?

A

Inside the heart there is a wall that separates the right and left ventricles

31
Q

What is the interatrial septum?

A

Wall between atriums

Not visible in most diagrams

A & P 2 LECTURE (23 decks)

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