2/13- Heart (Exam 1) Flashcards
Where is the heart located?
Near anterior chest behind sternum
Slightly to the left of center
As big as your fist
What is the top of the heart known as?
Base
What is the bottom of the heart called?
Apex
What is the pericardial cavity?
Sits in chamber in center of chest
What is the pericardium?
Line chamber and surface of the heart
Example of a serous membrane
Produces double layer
What does a serous membrane secrete?
Serous fluid or transedate
What is pericardial fluid?
Specific name for serous fluid produced by pericardium
Reduces friction and acts as lubricant because when the heart beats the layers rub against each other
What is the 2 layers of the pericardium?
1) visceral pericardium- layer on top of heart
2) parietal pericardium- outer layer
What is the space between the 2 layers called?
Pericardial cavity
What is a pericarditis?
Infection of the pericardium
The layers are inflamed and when they rub against each other it makes a scratchy sound
What is cardiac tamponade?
As a result of pericarditis more lubrication is made to cut the friction but too much fluid can squeeze the heart and restrict movement
What is the mediastinum?
Group of structures in the center of the chest
What are the organs in the mediastinum?
Heart Esophagus Trachea Primary bronchi Blood vessels Thymus
What are the 3 layers of the hearts wall?
1) endocardium (inner layer)
2) myocardium (thickest layer)
3) epicardium or visceral pericardium (outer layer)
What does myo mean?
Muscle
What is the endocardium layer?
Simple squamous epithelium
Lining of the heart
What is the myocardium layer?
Where we find cardiac muscle
Needs blood supply
What is myocardial infarction (MI)?
Heart attack
When the blood supply in the myocardium is cut off the muscle dies
The dead tissue is replaced with scar tissue
What does infarction mean?
The death of something because blood supply was cut off
What are the 2 chambers of the top of the heart?
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
What are the 2 chambers of the bottom of the heart?
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
What is a pulmonary circuit?
Right atrium and ventricle feeds blood to lungs for gas exchange
What is the systemic circuit?
Left atrium and ventricle feeds blood to the body
What is the system of events that happens between the right and left side of the heart?
1) RA and RV pump blood to the lungs then to LA and LV (pulmonary circuit)
2) LA and LV pump blood to the body and then back to the RA and RV (systemic circuit)
What are the auricles?
Ear shaped fold out of the heart
Small part of atrium you can see from the outside
What is a coronary sulcus or atriaventricular sulcus?
Deep groove that separates the atriums from the ventricles on the outside of the heart
What is the anterior intraventricular sulcus?
Sulcus that marks where the wall is that separates the ventricles
Anterior view and on outside of heart
What is the posterior intraventicular sulcus?
Sulcus that marks where the wall is that separates the ventricles
Posteriorly and on outside of heart
What is in the sulci?
Blood vessels because the heart is living tissue and needs an oxygen supply
Fat
What is the interventricular septum?
Inside the heart there is a wall that separates the right and left ventricles
What is the interatrial septum?
Wall between atriums
Not visible in most diagrams
