3/26- Non Specific Defenses (Exam 3)

Question 1

What are the basic kinds of body defenses?

Answer 1

1) non specific or Innate immune system

2) specific defenses or adaptive immune system

Question 2

What cells are specific defenses made from?

Answer 2

Lymphocytes

T and B cells

Question 3

What is specific immunity?

Answer 3

Very specific regarding the threat they go after

Immune
- can’t get sick a 2nd time from the same invader

Question 4

What is non specific defenses or innate immune system?

Answer 4

Non specific resistance

Include range of defenses

Take on all foreign invaders

Present at birth

Question 5

What are the 7 things that are included in non specific defenses?

Answer 5

1) physical barriers
2) phagocytes
3) natural killer cells
4) interferons
5) complement system
6) inflammation
7) fever

Question 6

What are physical barriers?

Answer 6

If you keep an invader our you don’t hav to worry about it

prevent invaders from occurring in the first place

Question 7

What is an example of a physical barrier and what does it consist of?

Answer 7

Epithelium

Skin

• sebaceous and sweat glands
• acidic pH 3-5 to inhibit growth of micro organisms

Mucus
- tough and sticky

Question 8

What does a lysozyme do and where is it found?

Answer 8

Swear and saliva

Attacks bacterial cells chemically and destroys them

Question 9

What are phagocytes and the 2 kinds?

Answer 9

Cells engulfing invaders (phagocytosis)

1) Microphages
2) macrophages

Question 10

What cells do microphages come from?

Answer 10

Neutrophils

Question 11

What cells do macrophages come from?

Answer 11

Monocytes

Question 12

What are natural killer cells?

Answer 12

Type of lymphocytes

Immunological surveillance- patrols tissues for invaders or compromised cells and destroys them

Tumor specific antigens- go after tumor cells

Question 13

What is Perforins?

Answer 13

Chemical NK cells drop

Creates wholes in cell membrane of invading cell and cell dies

Question 14

What is immunological escape?

Answer 14

Tumor escapes recognition from NK cells

Question 15

What is a virus?

Answer 15

Rogue pieces of DNA or RNA that look for cells to invade

Take over cell natural machinery and copy themselves

Question 16

What are interferons?

Answer 16

Kind of cytokines

- local chemical messengers that communicated to all cells to produce antiviral protein because virus is near

Question 17

What is an antiviral protein?

Answer 17

Interferes with viral replication

Slows down natural machinery of cell gang copies DNA or RNA

Question 18

What is a complement system?

Answer 18

Both non specific and specific defenses

Consists of complement proteins

Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

Question 19

What are complement proteins?

Answer 19

Constantly circulate in your blood

Attach to invader and then to themselves

Start to build something

Question 20

What is a membrane attack complex (MAC)?

Answer 20

Complex proteins build wholes in cell membrane of invading cell

Question 21

What are the 4 responses of inflammation or inflammatory response?

Answer 21

1) redness
2) swelling
3) heat
4) pain

Question 22

What are the 3 chemicals released when tissue is damaged or there is an invader?

Answer 22

1) histamine
2) heparin
3) prostaglandins

Question 23

What does histamine cause and why?

Answer 23

Redness and heat
- due to dilation of local blood vessels

Swelling or edema
- increase permeability of local capillaries

Question 24

What is edema?

Answer 24

Swelling of infected area because of water leaving blood and going to surrounding tissue

Question 25

What does prostaglandin cause and why?

Answer 25

Pain

- stimulates nerve ending in that area

Question 26

What is heparin?

Answer 26

Slows clotting of blood in center of injured areas

WBC get into area and destroy invaders

Question 27

What is a fever?

Answer 27

Elevation in body temp

Hypothalamus

• body’s thermostat
• maintains body temp

Question 28

What is pyrogen?

Answer 28

Chemical in body

Resets thermostat at higher level for higher body temp

Released by WBC or brought in by invaders

Question 29

What are 2 reasons why body temp gets raised?

Answer 29

1) invader have an optimal temp so we try to kill them by raising the temp

2) raising temp, raises metabolic rate
- WBC move quicker, more aggressive and fixed it faster