3/26- Non Specific Defenses (Exam 3) Flashcards
What are the basic kinds of body defenses?
1) non specific or Innate immune system
2) specific defenses or adaptive immune system
What cells are specific defenses made from?
Lymphocytes
T and B cells
What is specific immunity?
Very specific regarding the threat they go after
Immune
- can’t get sick a 2nd time from the same invader
What is non specific defenses or innate immune system?
Non specific resistance
Include range of defenses
Take on all foreign invaders
Present at birth
What are the 7 things that are included in non specific defenses?
1) physical barriers
2) phagocytes
3) natural killer cells
4) interferons
5) complement system
6) inflammation
7) fever
What are physical barriers?
If you keep an invader our you don’t hav to worry about it
prevent invaders from occurring in the first place
What is an example of a physical barrier and what does it consist of?
Epithelium
Skin
- sebaceous and sweat glands
- acidic pH 3-5 to inhibit growth of micro organisms
Mucus
- tough and sticky
What does a lysozyme do and where is it found?
Swear and saliva
Attacks bacterial cells chemically and destroys them
What are phagocytes and the 2 kinds?
Cells engulfing invaders (phagocytosis)
1) Microphages
2) macrophages
What cells do microphages come from?
Neutrophils
What cells do macrophages come from?
Monocytes
What are natural killer cells?
Type of lymphocytes
Immunological surveillance- patrols tissues for invaders or compromised cells and destroys them
Tumor specific antigens- go after tumor cells
What is Perforins?
Chemical NK cells drop
Creates wholes in cell membrane of invading cell and cell dies
What is immunological escape?
Tumor escapes recognition from NK cells
What is a virus?
Rogue pieces of DNA or RNA that look for cells to invade
Take over cell natural machinery and copy themselves
What are interferons?
Kind of cytokines
- local chemical messengers that communicated to all cells to produce antiviral protein because virus is near
What is an antiviral protein?
Interferes with viral replication
Slows down natural machinery of cell gang copies DNA or RNA
What is a complement system?
Both non specific and specific defenses
Consists of complement proteins
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
What are complement proteins?
Constantly circulate in your blood
Attach to invader and then to themselves
Start to build something
What is a membrane attack complex (MAC)?
Complex proteins build wholes in cell membrane of invading cell
What are the 4 responses of inflammation or inflammatory response?
1) redness
2) swelling
3) heat
4) pain
What are the 3 chemicals released when tissue is damaged or there is an invader?
1) histamine
2) heparin
3) prostaglandins
What does histamine cause and why?
Redness and heat
- due to dilation of local blood vessels
Swelling or edema
- increase permeability of local capillaries
What is edema?
Swelling of infected area because of water leaving blood and going to surrounding tissue
What does prostaglandin cause and why?
Pain
- stimulates nerve ending in that area
What is heparin?
Slows clotting of blood in center of injured areas
WBC get into area and destroy invaders
What is a fever?
Elevation in body temp
Hypothalamus
- body’s thermostat
- maintains body temp
What is pyrogen?
Chemical in body
Resets thermostat at higher level for higher body temp
Released by WBC or brought in by invaders
What are 2 reasons why body temp gets raised?
1) invader have an optimal temp so we try to kill them by raising the temp
2) raising temp, raises metabolic rate
- WBC move quicker, more aggressive and fixed it faster
