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A & P 2 LECTURE > 3/9- Blood (Exam 2 & 3) > Flashcards

3/9- Blood (Exam 2 & 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue is blood?

A

CT

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2
Q

What is plasma?

A

Liquid portion of blood (matrix)

Colloid because suspended plasma proteins

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3
Q

What are formed elements?

A

Cells and cellular derivatives

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4
Q

What do the formed elements include?

A

1) Erythrocytes- RBC
2) leukocytes- white blood cells
3) thrombocytes- clotting

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5
Q

What are the pieces of thrombocytes we see?

A

Platelets

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6
Q

What is hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis?

A

Process of blood formation

Mostly in red bone marrow

  • sternum or epiphysis of long bone
  • gets less and less as you get older
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7
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

White blood cells

Some form in red bone marrow others don’t

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8
Q

What are 3 kinds of plasma proteins?

A

1) Albumin
2) Globulins
3) Fibrinogen

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9
Q

What are albumin?

A

Most abundant

Osmotic force is created because of this

Carrier molecule for things hitching a ride to the circulatory system

Produced by liver

Egg whites

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10
Q

What are the kinds of Globulins?

A

1) Alpha 1 Globulin
2) Alpha 2 Globulin
3) Beta Globulin

Made by liver and are carrier proteins

4) Gamma Globulin- made by certain lymphocytes abs are antibodies

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11
Q

What are antibodies also called?

A

Immunoglobulin

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12
Q

What are fibrinogen?

A

Clotting chemical

Produced by liver

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13
Q

What is the stem cell all blood cells come from and how does it decide which kind it becomes?

A

Hemocytoblast

Chemical signals

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14
Q

What cells do erthrocytes come from?

A

Proerythroblasts

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15
Q

What cells come from myeloblasts?

A

Neutrophils

Esoinophils

Basophils

(White blood cells)

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16
Q

What cells come from lymphoblasts?

A

Lymphocytes

-white blood cells

17
Q

What cells come from mono blasts?

A

Monocytes

White blood cells

18
Q

What cells come from megakaryoblasts?

A

Megakaryocytes

Fragment into platelets

20
Q

What are our thrombocytes?

A

Megakaryocytes

21
Q

What are erthrocytes?

A

RBC

No nucleus

Thick edges, thin middle

Function to carry O2

Pigmented protein- hemoglobin

Hemoglobin occupies a lot of the RBC space

22
Q

What are Hemogloblin (Hb or Hgb)?

A

Quaternary structure consists of 4 polypeptide chains (subunits)

Each contains:
2 alpha chains
2 beta chains

23
Q

What are the Heme groups in hemoglobin?

A

Carry 1 iron (Fe) atom in each

O2 attaches to iron and is a weak attachment and is released when needed

4 molecules of oxygen
8 atoms of oxygen

24
Q

What is oxyhemoglobin?

A

Hemoglobin carrying O2

Bright red

25
Q

What is deoxyhemoglobin?

A

Let’s go of O2

Maroon color

26
Q

What is carbaminohemoglobin?

A

Carries some CO2 but not attached to iron

27
Q

What is carboxyhemoglobin?

A

CO (carbon monoxide)

Carried by iron where O2 should be

Doesn’t let it go

Deadly

28
Q

What is sickle cell trait?

A

Beta chain connects to other beta chain in different hemoglobin

Hemoglobin crystallizes

Happens because amino acid in beta chain gets swapped out for another

29
Q

What are the 2 problems with sickle cell shape?

A

1) not bendable- get lodged in capillaries and can cause death of tissue
2) very delicate- rupture easily

30
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

Reduction of # of RBC because they rupture easily

31
Q

What does anemia in general mean?

A

Hemoglobin deficiency

By reduction of RBC or not having enough hemoglobin and RBC’s are smaller than normal

32
Q

What is iron- deficiency anemia?

A

Not enough iron in your system

Can not produce usual amount of hemoglobin

of RBC are normal

RBC smaller in size

33
Q

What is Prenicious Anemia?

A

Vitamin B-12 issue

Can be caused by lack of intrinsic factor

B-12 is used to make RBC

34
Q

What is intrinsic factor?

A

There to absorb B-12

Need Vitamin B-12 injections if you’re missing this

35
Q

What is a red blood cell count test?

A

Performed with Hemocytometer

Dilute blood and count RBC

36
Q

What is the hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV) test?

A

What percent of patients blood is occupied by RBC

PCV = (volume of packed RBC’s / total volume of sample) x 100

37
Q

What do they use for the hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV) test?

A

Capillary tubes

Heparin- slows down clotting

Hepanized

38
Q

What is the tallquist paper blot test?

A

Test how much hemoglobin is present

Degree of redness

Deep red- a lot of hemoglobin

Pale red- not a lot of hemoglobin

Read in natural light

39
Q

What is the Spectrophotometry?

A

Uses spectrophotometer or colorimeter

Measure degree of redness

More hemoglobin= less light
Less hemoglobin= more light

Sample must be hemolyzed first

40
Q

What does hemolyzed mean?

A

After RBC ruptures you can see if light goes through

Transparent light goes through

A & P 2 LECTURE (23 decks)

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