3/9- Blood (Exam 2 & 3)

Question 1

What kind of tissue is blood?

Answer 1

CT

Question 2

What is plasma?

Answer 2

Liquid portion of blood (matrix)

Colloid because suspended plasma proteins

Question 3

What are formed elements?

Answer 3

Cells and cellular derivatives

Question 4

What do the formed elements include?

Answer 4

1) Erythrocytes- RBC
2) leukocytes- white blood cells
3) thrombocytes- clotting

Question 5

What are the pieces of thrombocytes we see?

Answer 5

Platelets

Question 6

What is hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis?

Answer 6

Process of blood formation

Mostly in red bone marrow

• sternum or epiphysis of long bone
• gets less and less as you get older

Question 7

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 7

White blood cells

Some form in red bone marrow others don’t

Question 8

What are 3 kinds of plasma proteins?

Answer 8

1) Albumin
2) Globulins
3) Fibrinogen

Question 9

What are albumin?

Answer 9

Most abundant

Osmotic force is created because of this

Carrier molecule for things hitching a ride to the circulatory system

Produced by liver

Egg whites

Question 10

What are the kinds of Globulins?

Answer 10

1) Alpha 1 Globulin
2) Alpha 2 Globulin
3) Beta Globulin

Made by liver and are carrier proteins

4) Gamma Globulin- made by certain lymphocytes abs are antibodies

Question 11

What are antibodies also called?

Answer 11

Immunoglobulin

Question 12

What are fibrinogen?

Answer 12

Clotting chemical

Produced by liver

Question 13

What is the stem cell all blood cells come from and how does it decide which kind it becomes?

Answer 13

Hemocytoblast

Chemical signals

Question 14

What cells do erthrocytes come from?

Answer 14

Proerythroblasts

Question 15

What cells come from myeloblasts?

Answer 15

Neutrophils

Esoinophils

Basophils

(White blood cells)

Question 16

What cells come from lymphoblasts?

Answer 16

Lymphocytes

-white blood cells

Question 17

What cells come from mono blasts?

Answer 17

Monocytes

White blood cells

Question 18

What cells come from megakaryoblasts?

Answer 18

Megakaryocytes

Fragment into platelets

Question 20

What are our thrombocytes?

Answer 20

Megakaryocytes

Question 21

What are erthrocytes?

Answer 21

RBC

No nucleus

Thick edges, thin middle

Function to carry O2

Pigmented protein- hemoglobin

Hemoglobin occupies a lot of the RBC space

Question 22

What are Hemogloblin (Hb or Hgb)?

Answer 22

Quaternary structure consists of 4 polypeptide chains (subunits)

Each contains:
2 alpha chains
2 beta chains

Question 23

What are the Heme groups in hemoglobin?

Answer 23

Carry 1 iron (Fe) atom in each

O2 attaches to iron and is a weak attachment and is released when needed

4 molecules of oxygen
8 atoms of oxygen

Question 24

What is oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 24

Hemoglobin carrying O2

Bright red

Question 25

What is deoxyhemoglobin?

Answer 25

Let’s go of O2

Maroon color

Question 26

What is carbaminohemoglobin?

Answer 26

Carries some CO2 but not attached to iron

Question 27

What is carboxyhemoglobin?

Answer 27

CO (carbon monoxide) Carried by iron where O2 should be Doesn’t let it go Deadly

Question 28

What is sickle cell trait?

Answer 28

Beta chain connects to other beta chain in different hemoglobin Hemoglobin crystallizes Happens because amino acid in beta chain gets swapped out for another

Question 29

What are the 2 problems with sickle cell shape?

Answer 29

1) not bendable- get lodged in capillaries and can cause death of tissue 2) very delicate- rupture easily

Question 30

What is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 30

Reduction of # of RBC because they rupture easily

Question 31

What does anemia in general mean?

Answer 31

Hemoglobin deficiency By reduction of RBC or not having enough hemoglobin and RBC’s are smaller than normal

Question 32

What is iron- deficiency anemia?

Answer 32

Not enough iron in your system Can not produce usual amount of hemoglobin of RBC are normal RBC smaller in size

Question 33

What is Prenicious Anemia?

Answer 33

Vitamin B-12 issue Can be caused by lack of intrinsic factor B-12 is used to make RBC

Question 34

What is intrinsic factor?

Answer 34

There to absorb B-12 Need Vitamin B-12 injections if you’re missing this

Question 35

What is a red blood cell count test?

Answer 35

Performed with Hemocytometer Dilute blood and count RBC

Question 36

What is the hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV) test?

Answer 36

What percent of patients blood is occupied by RBC PCV = (volume of packed RBC’s / total volume of sample) x 100

Question 37

What do they use for the hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV) test?

Answer 37

Capillary tubes Heparin- slows down clotting Hepanized

Question 38

What is the tallquist paper blot test?

Answer 38

Test how much hemoglobin is present Degree of redness Deep red- a lot of hemoglobin Pale red- not a lot of hemoglobin Read in natural light

Question 39

What is the Spectrophotometry?

Answer 39

Uses spectrophotometer or colorimeter Measure degree of redness More hemoglobin= less light Less hemoglobin= more light Sample must be hemolyzed first

Question 40

What does hemolyzed mean?

Answer 40

After RBC ruptures you can see if light goes through Transparent light goes through