3/31- Specific Defenses (Exam 3) Flashcards
What is inborn immunity?
Genetically determined and present at birth
Automatically defending you from specific things at birth
No previous exposure needed
What is acquired immunity?
Not present at birth
Requires exposure
2 forms
1) active
2) passive
What is active acquired immunity?
Your body is creating the defense to go after a particular threat
What is passive acquired immunity?
Defense is being passively presented to body from outside source
Taking antibodies from outside source and introducing them to a person that is either sick or in danger of getting sick
What is natural active acquired immunity?
Classic kind
Naturally occurs in the course of events
Body creates defense for particular infection
What is induced active acquired immunity?
Artificial in nature
Inducing your system to do something
Introducing infection in a weaker or dead form to body to provoke it to make a defense
Vaccines
What is natural passive acquired immunity?
Natural occurrence in childhood
Antibodies passing between mother and child in womb through placenta
Child born with maternal antibodies giving a temporary defense
Nursing also gives antibodies through breast milk
What is induced passive acquired immunity?
Artificial medical procedure
Introducing antibodies medically
What is gamma globulin treatment/ injection?
Giving patients antibodies
Ex: anti rabies antibody
What are 4 general properties of specific defenses?
1) specificity
2) versatility
3) memory
4) tolerance
What is specificity?
Defense is specific
Goes after one specific thing
What is versatility?
Body will be able to make a defense for anything
What is memory?
Immune system remembers past invaders
What is tolerance?
To ignore your own chemical signatures
How do specific defenses be?
Shape of receptors in cell membrane match certain chemicals
To attack an invader receptor shape and invader shape have to match exactly
You were introduced to your chemical signatures at birth
What are memory cells?
Lymphocytes clone when invader is invading
Half of cells don’t fight and become memory cells
There to be prepared and ready if the same invader shows up again
Can live up to 20 years
What is an antigen?
Any chemical that provoked an immune response
What are the 3 things cytotoxic T cells do to destroy invading cells?
1) Perforin- creates wholes in cell membrane
2) Lymphotoxin- disrupted metabolism of invading cell (lymphocytes poison)
3) Cytokine- commands apoptosis
What is humors?
Any bodily fluid
Blood
Lymph
Saliva
Urine
What are the 5 types of immunoglobulin (Ig)?
1) IgG
2) IgM
3) IgA
4) IgD
5) IgE
What are immunoglobulins made of?
4 polypeptide chains (quaternary structure)
2 heavy chains (H chain)
2 light chains (L chain)
What is a variable region?
Different shape receptors
Each population of B cells produce different variable region matching invaders
Interacts with the invader
What is the constant region?
All B cell population produces constant region exactly the same
Interacts with your cells
What is primary response?
First response when there is an invader
Gets you sick
Memory cells are created
What is a secondary response?
When invader appears in the future no matter how many times
Not even aware you are infected again
Fought off immediately
Memory cells are ready for invader
What are the 3 categories of malfunctions in immune system?
1) Autoimmune Disorders
2) Immunodeficiency Disease
3) Allergies
What are autoimmune disorders?
Persons immune system attacks itself
Specific defenses
Disease depends on the target cells attack
What are selfantigens?
One or more of your chemical start to act like antigen
What are autoantibodies?
Antibodies that attack self
What are 3 causes of immunodeficiency diseases?
1) Embryological Development Issue- lymphatic tissue or lymphoid organ doesn’t develop
2) viruses that attack your immune system (helper T cells)- Ex: HIV
3) immunosuppressive agents- suppresses lymphocytes and function of immune system
What are allergies or hypersensitivity?
Immune system overreacts
Allergens- antigens
2 kinds
1) immediate hypersensitivity
2) delayed hypersensitivity
What is immediate hypersensitivity?
B cell (antibody) issue
Get a reaction immediately
Histamine is released
Antihistamine- treatment
What is anaphylaxis?
Allergen gets into blood stream and circulates everywhere
Releases histamine everywhere- diamanté’s blood vessels
Can go into anaphylactic shock
What is anaphylactic shock?
Life threatening
Needs Epi Pen
Blood pressure decreases fast
What is flare and wheal reaction?
Happens at allergist when you have a reaction to something they injected
Flare- redness from dilated blood vessels
Wheal- raises flat bump- edema
Due to release of histamine
What is delayed hypersensitivity?
Due to reaction of T cells take awhile to get there
Treatment- cortisol or hydrocortisone (corticosteroids)
Ex: skin rashes like poison ivy
What is the complement system in specific defenses?
When it works with antibodies
