3/19- Exam 3 Flashcards
What are macrophages?
Found in spleen, liver, and bone marrow
Take up hemoglobin from old RBC that ruptured
Break it up into amino acids and iron
What is Biliverdin?
Chemically processed and converted into greenish pigment
Converted into bilirubin
What is bilirubin?
Orange yellow pigment
Bonds to albumin
Where does albumin take bilirubin and to make what?
Liver
Produces bile
What are Bile pigments?
Bilirubin is converted into this in intestines
Give poop brown color
When absorbed in blood and into kidney gives pee yellow color
What is jaundice?
If liver malfunctions bilirubin is built up
Stains skin and sclera to yellow color
How do you cure babies of jaundice?
Put them under blue UV light and the bilirubin converts to biliverdin
What is the Buffy coat or Buffy layer?
WBC and platelets
What are the 2 major kinds of leukocytes in the Buffy coat?
1) Granulocytes
2) Agranulocytes
What are Granulocytes?
Derived from myeloblasts
3 kinds
1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils
Stained absorbing granulos
What are the red and blue stains for blood smear called?
Red- Eosin stain
Blue- basic stain
What are Agranulocytes?
2 kinds
1) monocytes
2) leukocytes
Lack granulos
Color cannot be used for identification
What are neutrophils?
Most common WBC
Stain absorbing granulos
Nucleus has 2-5 lobes
Neutral to colors
Looks light violet in cytoplasm
What happens when neutrophils leave the blood?
Squeeze between cells
Move around
Phagocytosis of invading organisms
Release enzyme lysozyme
What enzyme do neutrophils release and what does it do?
Lysozyme
Destroys bacterial cells chemically
What are eosinophils?
Loves red stain (eosin stain)
Nucleus is double lobed
Looks like rash but reduces rash
What do eosinophils do when they leave the blood?
Enter tissue that are undergoing allergic reactions or inflammation and reduce it
Release chemicals that destroy Histamine
People who have allergic reactions have a lot of them
Release toxic chemicals that attack parasitic worms
What does Histamine cause?
Causes inflammation
What are basophils?
Love blue stain (basic stain)
Releases Heparin
Deep purple color
Least common
Looks soothing but causes rash
Double lobed nucleus but impossible to see
What do basophils do when they leave the blood?
Migrate through tissue
Release histamine causing inflammation
What are monocytes?
Largest WBC
Nucleus intended to be round but looks like someone smashed the sides
Increase when people have chronic diseases
Go after any foreign invader in body
Break down invaders to basic chemical and given to lymphocytes
What do monocytes become when they leave the blood?
Macrophages
Engage in phagocytosis
What are lymphocytes?
Create specific defense to target the thing directly
Smallest of WBC
Second most common
Nucleus is very large and fills up cell
What is thymus?
Part of lymphocytes
Gland in chest
Part of mediastinum
What is the poem for the WBC?
Never Let My Engine Blow 60-30-8-2-0
What are platelets?
Fragment of megakaryocytes
Become sticky and stick to one another when blood vessel is torn
Acts as plug
Clot forms
What are composite materials?
Platelets and protein fibers cross crossing through dried blood plasma
What is Fibrin?
Cross crossing protein
Insoluble in water
Held together with dried blood plasma
Fibers that form most of clot
Where does fibrin come from?
Fibrinogen
What makes fibrinogen into fibrin?
Thrombin
What is prothrombin?
Inactive form of thrombin
What is thromboplastin?
Activation of prothrombin
Comes from platelets and/ or tissue damaged from injury
What is tissue- derived thromboplastin?
Thromboplastin derived from tissue damaged from injury
What is platelets- derived thromboplastin?
Thromboplastin from platelets
Where do platelet- derived thromboplastin come from and what is needed to make it?
Platelets factors
Needs
- calcium ions
- clotting factors
Where do tissue- derived thromboplastin come from and what is needed to make it?
Tissue factors
Needs
- calcium ions
- clotting factor
What is the platelet side called?
Intrinsic pathway
What is the tissue side called?
Extrinsic pathway
What is the positive feedback of this?
Thrombin stimulates tissue and platelets to release more factors
More thrombin is made
Cycle that never ends
Clotting happens more quickly as a result
