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A & P 2 LECTURE > 3/3- Blood Pressure And Blood Vessels (Exam 2) > Flashcards

3/3- Blood Pressure And Blood Vessels (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

The maximal pressure in artery when left ventricle contracts

Recorded first (115/75) in mercury

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2
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

Minimal pressure when left ventricle relaxes

2nd number in recording (115/75) in mercury

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3
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

When you listen to an artery but here no sounds because it smooth uninterrupted flow

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4
Q

What is bruit?

A

Sounds if there is a blockage in the arteries

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5
Q

What is the brachial artery?

A

Large artery of the arm

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6
Q

What does it mean when the cuff blood pressure = systolic pressure?

A

Blood squirts through obstruction in artery and creates vibration in vessel that produces tapping sound in stethoscope

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7
Q

What happens when the cuff blood pressure = diastolic pressure?

A

Pressure in vessels holds walls open and laminar flow is reestablished

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8
Q

What is the sounds of korokoff?

A

The tapping noise you’re hearing

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9
Q

What is tapping?

A

A boom noise heard in arteries when there’s an obstruction

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11
Q

What is the units blood pressure is measured in?

A

Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

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12
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure

Diastolic is 90 and up

Can have a stroke

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13
Q

What is hypotension?

A

Low blood pressure

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14
Q

What is the pulse?

A

Expansion and contraction of arterior walls as you switch from systolic and diastolic pressure

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15
Q

What is the radial pulse?

A

Pulse in wrist

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16
Q

What is the carotid pulse?

A

Pulse from artery in neck

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17
Q

What is the femoral pulse?

A

Pulse near thigh in crotch region

Check for interruption of blood flow through leg

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18
Q

What is the pulse pressure?

A

Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Difference between the two

Creates throbbing sensation you feel

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19
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Farther from the heart

Red thread like arteries

Oxygenated blood

Systolic and diastolic pressure evens out= no pulse

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20
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A

Diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/ 3)

Gives measure of perfusion pressure

MAP > 70 mmHg or danger of organ failure

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21
Q

What is perfusion pressure?

A

Pressure needed to push blood through capillary beds

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22
Q

What is the order of blood vessels?

A

Heart—-> arteries—-> arterioles—-> capillaries—-> venules—-> veins—-> heart

23
Q

What are venules?

A

Blue thread

Deoxygenated blood

24
Q

What are veins?

A

BDB

Back to heart

Deoxygenated blood

25
Q

What is the outer layer that forms the blood vessel wall?

A

Tunica Externa or Tunica Adventitia

CT tissue

26
Q

What is the 2nd layer that makes up the blood vessel wall?

A

Tunica media

Mostly smooth muscle

27
Q

What is the deepest layer that surrounds the lumen?

A

Tunica Interna or Tunica Intima or Endothelium

Simple squamous epithelium

28
Q

What is the thickest layer in an artery?

A

Tunica Media

29
Q

What is the thickest layer in a vein?

A

Tunica Externa

30
Q

What does the cross sections of an artery and vein look like?

A

Artery- circle

Vein- folded in from removing the blood

31
Q

What are blood vessels?

A

Composed of living tissues that need a blood supply

Small arteries and veins use their own

Big arteries and veins need a supply

32
Q

What layer of the blood vessel wall uses the blood from the lumen their blood supply?

A

Turnica Interna

33
Q

What is a vasa vasorum?

A

Blood vessels penetrating walls and setting up capillary vessels in the tunica externa and tunica media layers

34
Q

What do gap junctions do in smooth muscle cells?

A

Connect them electrically for vasoconstriction

35
Q

What is vasoconstriction controlled by?

A

1) nervous system (parasympathetic and sympathetic)

2) hormonal or other chemical controls

36
Q

What hormones or other chemical controls affect vasoconstriction?

A

1) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

2) renin- antigotensin

37
Q

Where is Antidiuretic hormone produced?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

38
Q

How is renin- antigiotensin formed?

A

Antiotensinogen ——-> angiotensin 1 ——> angiotensin 2

39
Q

What is in between antiotensinogen and angiotensin 1?

A

Renin (from kidney)

40
Q

What is between antiogensin 1 and antiogensin 2?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

41
Q

If there is too much of renin what happens?

A

High blood pressure

Too much of angiotensin 1 becoming angiotensin 2

42
Q

What is angiotestin 2?

A

Powerful vasoconstriction

43
Q

What inhibits angiotestin 2 from being made?

A

ACE Inhibitor

Enzyme ACE is not made

44
Q

What is natriuretic peptides?

A

Vasodilation

Over stretch of heart or blood vessels triggers its release

Pressure drops

45
Q

What are 2 kinds of arteries?

A

1) elastic arteries

2) muscular arteries

46
Q

What are elastic arteries?

A

Tunica media- a lot of elastic fibers (elastin proteins)

Closest to the heart

Carry blood under a lot of pressure

Ex: aorta

47
Q

What is elastic rebound?

A

During systole the walls expand and the elastic fibers come back in pressing on the blood keeping the pressure higher than otherwise

Stabilizes the blood pressure in arteries

48
Q

What are muscular arteries?

A

Thicker walls because smooth muscles primary role is regulating blood pressure

Farther from heart

Not as much pressure

Tunica media is smooth muscle

Smaller in diameter

49
Q

What is Arteriovenous Anastomoses?

A

Capillary bed bypass

Arterioles—-> small veins

In fingers, hands, toes and feet to keep warm

50
Q

What is the ideal blood pressure?

A

115/75

51
Q

What is a basal lamina in capillaries?

A

Delicate CT surrounding capillaries

52
Q

What are 2 ways to get into capillaries?

A

1) squeeze through cells

2) diffuse through cells
Ex: blood- brain barrier

79
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Exchange nutrients for waste

Deoxygenated

Microscopic vessels

Endothelium

A & P 2 LECTURE (23 decks)

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