3/3- Blood Pressure And Blood Vessels (Exam 2)

Question 1

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 1

The maximal pressure in artery when left ventricle contracts

Recorded first (115/75) in mercury

Question 2

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 2

Minimal pressure when left ventricle relaxes

2nd number in recording (115/75) in mercury

Question 3

What is laminar flow?

Answer 3

When you listen to an artery but here no sounds because it smooth uninterrupted flow

Question 4

What is bruit?

Answer 4

Sounds if there is a blockage in the arteries

Question 5

What is the brachial artery?

Answer 5

Large artery of the arm

Question 6

What does it mean when the cuff blood pressure = systolic pressure?

Answer 6

Blood squirts through obstruction in artery and creates vibration in vessel that produces tapping sound in stethoscope

Question 7

What happens when the cuff blood pressure = diastolic pressure?

Answer 7

Pressure in vessels holds walls open and laminar flow is reestablished

Question 8

What is the sounds of korokoff?

Answer 8

The tapping noise you’re hearing

Question 9

What is tapping?

Answer 9

A boom noise heard in arteries when there’s an obstruction

Question 11

What is the units blood pressure is measured in?

Answer 11

Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

Question 12

What is hypertension?

Answer 12

High blood pressure

Diastolic is 90 and up

Can have a stroke

Question 13

What is hypotension?

Answer 13

Low blood pressure

Question 14

What is the pulse?

Answer 14

Expansion and contraction of arterior walls as you switch from systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 15

What is the radial pulse?

Answer 15

Pulse in wrist

Question 16

What is the carotid pulse?

Answer 16

Pulse from artery in neck

Question 17

What is the femoral pulse?

Answer 17

Pulse near thigh in crotch region

Check for interruption of blood flow through leg

Question 18

What is the pulse pressure?

Answer 18

Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Difference between the two

Creates throbbing sensation you feel

Question 19

What are arterioles?

Answer 19

Farther from the heart

Red thread like arteries

Oxygenated blood

Systolic and diastolic pressure evens out= no pulse

Question 20

What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Answer 20

Diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/ 3)

Gives measure of perfusion pressure

MAP > 70 mmHg or danger of organ failure

Question 21

What is perfusion pressure?

Answer 21

Pressure needed to push blood through capillary beds

Question 22

What is the order of blood vessels?

Answer 22

Heart—-> arteries—-> arterioles—-> capillaries—-> venules—-> veins—-> heart

Question 23

What are venules?

Answer 23

Blue thread

Deoxygenated blood

Question 24

What are veins?

Answer 24

BDB

Back to heart

Deoxygenated blood

Question 25

What is the outer layer that forms the blood vessel wall?

Answer 25

Tunica Externa or Tunica Adventitia

CT tissue

Question 26

What is the 2nd layer that makes up the blood vessel wall?

Answer 26

Tunica media Mostly smooth muscle

Question 27

What is the deepest layer that surrounds the lumen?

Answer 27

Tunica Interna or Tunica Intima or Endothelium Simple squamous epithelium

Question 28

What is the thickest layer in an artery?

Answer 28

Tunica Media

Question 29

What is the thickest layer in a vein?

Answer 29

Tunica Externa

Question 30

What does the cross sections of an artery and vein look like?

Answer 30

Artery- circle Vein- folded in from removing the blood

Question 31

What are blood vessels?

Answer 31

Composed of living tissues that need a blood supply Small arteries and veins use their own Big arteries and veins need a supply

Question 32

What layer of the blood vessel wall uses the blood from the lumen their blood supply?

Answer 32

Turnica Interna

Question 33

What is a vasa vasorum?

Answer 33

Blood vessels penetrating walls and setting up capillary vessels in the tunica externa and tunica media layers

Question 34

What do gap junctions do in smooth muscle cells?

Answer 34

Connect them electrically for vasoconstriction

Question 35

What is vasoconstriction controlled by?

Answer 35

1) nervous system (parasympathetic and sympathetic) | 2) hormonal or other chemical controls

Question 36

What hormones or other chemical controls affect vasoconstriction?

Answer 36

1) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | 2) renin- antigotensin

Question 37

Where is Antidiuretic hormone produced?

Answer 37

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 38

How is renin- antigiotensin formed?

Answer 38

Antiotensinogen ——-> angiotensin 1 ——> angiotensin 2

Question 39

What is in between antiotensinogen and angiotensin 1?

Answer 39

Renin (from kidney)

Question 40

What is between antiogensin 1 and antiogensin 2?

Answer 40

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

Question 41

If there is too much of renin what happens?

Answer 41

High blood pressure Too much of angiotensin 1 becoming angiotensin 2

Question 42

What is angiotestin 2?

Answer 42

Powerful vasoconstriction

Question 43

What inhibits angiotestin 2 from being made?

Answer 43

ACE Inhibitor Enzyme ACE is not made

Question 44

What is natriuretic peptides?

Answer 44

Vasodilation Over stretch of heart or blood vessels triggers its release Pressure drops

Question 45

What are 2 kinds of arteries?

Answer 45

1) elastic arteries | 2) muscular arteries

Question 46

What are elastic arteries?

Answer 46

Tunica media- a lot of elastic fibers (elastin proteins) Closest to the heart Carry blood under a lot of pressure Ex: aorta

Question 47

What is elastic rebound?

Answer 47

During systole the walls expand and the elastic fibers come back in pressing on the blood keeping the pressure higher than otherwise Stabilizes the blood pressure in arteries

Question 48

What are muscular arteries?

Answer 48

Thicker walls because smooth muscles primary role is regulating blood pressure Farther from heart Not as much pressure Tunica media is smooth muscle Smaller in diameter

Question 49

What is Arteriovenous Anastomoses?

Answer 49

Capillary bed bypass Arterioles—-> small veins In fingers, hands, toes and feet to keep warm

Question 50

What is the ideal blood pressure?

Answer 50

115/75

Question 51

What is a basal lamina in capillaries?

Answer 51

Delicate CT surrounding capillaries

Question 52

What are 2 ways to get into capillaries?

Answer 52

1) squeeze through cells 2) diffuse through cells Ex: blood- brain barrier

Question 79

What are capillaries?

Answer 79

Exchange nutrients for waste Deoxygenated Microscopic vessels Endothelium