Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P 2 LECTURE > 2/11- Muscular System Continued Part 2 (Exam 1) > Flashcards

2/11- Muscular System Continued Part 2 (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ca+2 (calcium ion) used for?

A

Attaches to troponin and changes it’s shape and moves tropomyosin away from the active site on actin

Muscular system shuts down without it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)?

A

Stores calcium ions in muscle cells

Highly modified smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Depolarization releases the calcium directly on sarcomere

Then collects it and stores it again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a sarcolemma or myolemma?

A

Cell membrane of muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is depolarization?

A

Acetylcholine is released from synaptic cleft and ion channels open

Action potential on surface till tubes

Holes on surface of muscle cell has tubes and lets calcium in

Tubes get touched by SR and depolarization jumps over on sarcomere

Troponin changes shape

SR collects Ca and stores it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are transverse tubules or T tubules?

A

The holes in a muscle cell that opens into tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are skeletal muscles striated?

A

Sarcomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the z line?

A

Edges of sarcomere that get pulled to center when contracted

The start and end of each sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the zone of overlap in the a band?

A

Dark edges

Myosin and actin overlap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the h zone of the a band?

A

Myosin only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the I band?

A

Actin only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the m line in the h zone?

A

Line running through the h zone

Connect myosin to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

A

Breaks cross bridges formed when myosin attaches to active site of actin

Resets myosin

A nucleotide

Not a good way to store long term energy

Unstable

Muscles keep 2 seconds worth of energy of ATP around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is creatine phosphate?

A

ATP + creatine——-> creatine phosphate + ADP

Take phosphate that Is unstable from ATP and give it to creatine creating creatine phosphate and it’s more stable

ATP becomes ADP

Creatine phosphate + ADP——> creatine + ATP

Gives another 15 seconds of contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (CK)?

A

Enzyme that helps carry out reaction of:

Creatine phosphate + ADP——> creatine + ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Stored in muscle cells

Human version of starch

Glucose molecules put together

Break apart get glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Process that creates ATP

Going to use ATP as soon as it’s made

Needed if you need energy for long time

17
Q

What are the steps of aerobic respiration?

A

Glycogen——> glucose—-(glycolysis)—-> Pyruvic acid or pyruvate——> kreb’s cycle

Before Pyruvic acid- 2 ATPs
End of Kreb’s cycle- CO2 (waste) and 2 ATPs

Electron transport chain- O2 in and 34 ATPs out

Kreb’s and electron transport chain happen in mitochondria

18
Q

What is the steps of anaerobic or fermentation?

A

Glycogen—-> glucose——(glycolysis)—-> pyruvic acid or pyruvate——> lactic acid and CO2 (waste)

Before pyruvic acid- 2 ATPs

19
Q

What are 3 things that can cause muscle fatigue?

A

1) run out of metabolic stores (glycogen and or blood sugar)
2) not enough O2
3) waste product of anaerobic respiration is lactic acidosis and interferes with the proteins

Muscle begins to fail cause of either or all reasons

20
Q

What happens with lactic acid when you sleep?

A

Reverts to pyruvic acid with O2

Goes through liver

21
Q

What does yeast make as a result of the anaerobic respiration?

A

Ethanol or ethyl alcohol

22
Q

What is the recovery period?

A

After muscles fatigue

Lasts up to hours to days

Replenish blood sugar and glycogen

Getting rid of lactic acid

Getting O2

Pay oxygen debt

23
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

During exercise you need to replenish O2

When you pant

24
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Over growth of the muscle

Making muscle cells bigger

25
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Muscle breaks down

Can be bad

26
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

ONLY found in heart

Striated

Actin and myosin slid on each other causing sarcomeres and striations

Involuntary

All electrically interconnected

Depolarize one cell all depolarize

27
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Stained and appear as intercalated disc

Space in cell for things to pas through

28
Q

What are ions?

A

Charged atoms

Flow from one cell to the next using gap junctions

Roughly like electric current

29
Q

What is smooth or visceral muscle?

A

Found in:

1) wall of digestive organs
2) wall of small air passageways in lungs
3) found in blood vessels

No striations

The actin and myosin do not slide on each other and don’t form sarcomeres

Involuntary

A & P 2 LECTURE (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions