2/20- Heart (Exam 2) Flashcards
What is ausculate or auscultation?
Listening to the sounds of internal organs
What does a stethoscope do?
Boosts the sounds of internal organs
What are the 2 sounds the heart makes?
Lub Dub
Or
Lup Dup
What makes the Lub or Lup sound?
2 atrioventricular valves closing
What makes the Dub or Dup sound?
2 semilunar valves closing
What is systole?
Contraction of a heart chamber
What is diastole?
Relaxation of a heart chamber
When talking about systole and diastole what is the order you assume someone is talking about?
1) Left ventricle
2) both ventricles
3) next they have to specify
The first sound is associated with systole pushing blood against the valves closing?
Yes
The second sound are the ventricles relaxing to refill and the blood gets sucked back in and valves close is associated with diastole?
Yes
What is a murmur?
Abnormal patterns of blood flow
Abnormal sounds
What are the 3 causes for murmurs?
1) defective valves
2) septal defect
3) failure of Ductus Arteriosus to close
What are defective valves?
Any valves especially the atrioventricular valve
Valves let blood go back to atrium
What is a septal defect?
The inter-ventricular septum or interatrial septum
When the foramen ovale doesn’t close in a fetus
What is a foramen ovale?
Hole connecting the atriums
Bypasses right side of the heart and sends blood directly to left side
Some blood goes to the lungs
What is the fossa ovales?
Oval shaped
Depression where the foramen ovale closes
What happens if the Forman ovale doesn’t close?
Blood will switch between atriums and causes murmurs
What is the is the ductus arteriosus?
Hole between pulmonary trunk to aorta bypassing pulmonary circuit
What is the ligamentum arteriosus?
Structure left when ductus arteriosus close
In the coronary sulcus there are right and left coronary arteries, what do they do?
Right artery- brings oxygenated blood and nutrients to the right side of the heart
Left artery- brings oxygenated blood and nutrients to the left side of the heart
What is the coronary sinus?
Where the veins empty on the back of the heart
Enters right atrium
Where does the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus bring blood?
Back into the heart
What are the steps of the action potential in cardiac muscle?
1) Na+ in
2) Ca2+ gates open
3) some K+ leaving and Na+ actively being pumped out
4) Ca2+ shut
5) K+ leave quickly
What does the extended plateau in the cardia muscle action potential prevent?
1) fibrillation
2) summation and tetanus
What is fibrillation?
Random uncoordinated contractions of heart chambers
Blood doesn’t get pumped
What is atrial fibrillation or A Fib?
Patient is not in immediate danger
Not efficiently pumping blood into ventricles
Can develop blood clots
Use blood thinners to prevent blood clots
What is ventricular fibrillation?
Immediately life threatening
Blood not being driven to systemic circuit
Uses electrical defibrillator to contract heart at once and relaxes at the same time
