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AAA - Board by day > 4/2 > Flashcards

4/2 Flashcards

1
Q

hyaluronic acid in strep

A

component of capsule

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2
Q

strep toxin

A

erythrogenic toxin that causes scarlet fever (red tongue, pharyngitis, wide rash that spares face)

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3
Q

cancers that have spread to bone

A

prostate and breast

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4
Q

laryngeal apaillomatosis

A

benign tumors in respiratory and digestive tract caused by HPV6

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5
Q

high stress in colon

A
  • diverticulosis on left
  • angiodysplasia on right
  • both present as hematochezia
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6
Q

spinocerebellar tracts

A

located on periphery of spinal cord

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7
Q

Km

A

is inversely proportional to the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate
- Km = 1/2 Vmax

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8
Q

catalytic efficiency

A

kcat/Km

- takes into account substrate binding and activity

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9
Q

double stranded RNA virus

A

reovirus (number 1 cause of childhood diarrhea)

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10
Q

wheel like virus

A

rotavirus (reovirus)

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11
Q

GI problems in diabetes

A

dysmotility (long standing nerve damage)

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12
Q

pseudocholinesterase deficiency

A

can lead to prolonged blockade with neuromuscular blocker

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13
Q

RSV vs parainfluenza virus

A
  • RSV = most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in kids
  • parainfluenza causes croup
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14
Q

steeple sign

A

croup with inspiratory stridor

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15
Q

croup vs whoop

A 
croup = parainfluenza virus
whoop = bordetella pertussis
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16
Q

building blocks for heme

A

glycine and succinyl CoA

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17
Q

Lewy bodies

A
  • composed of alpha synuclein

- seen in parkinsons and Lewy body dementia

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18
Q

senile plaques

A
  • extracellular beta amyloid core
  • amyloid synthesized by cleaving amyloid precursor protein
  • seen in Alzheimer’s
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19
Q

neurofibrillary tangles

A
  • intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein

- seen in Alzheimer’s

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20
Q

tau protein

A
  • insoluble cytoskeletal elements
  • seen in Alzheimer’s
  • number of tangles = worse
21
Q

Pick bodies

A
  • hyperphosphorylated tau
  • in frontotemporal dementia
  • also with ubiquitinated TDP
22
Q

mechanism for infection inducing labor

A

maternal decidua releases prostaglandins, inducing labor

23
Q

loud P2

A

pulmonary hypertension

24
Q

blood flow in lung

A

in hypoxia, vessels constrict to divert blood to higher perfused areas

25
Q

HMG CoA reductase product

A

produces mevalonic acid for cholesterol synthesis

26
Q

relative risk reduction

A

remember it is 1 - RR

27
Q

clinical trial vs cohort study

A

cohort is observational, clinical trial has an intervention

28
Q

side effect of cyclosporine

A

increase in uric acid leading to kidney dysfunction

29
Q

confidence interval decreases with…

A

decreasing standard error (dependent on SD and sample size)

30
Q

what is split in DAG pathway

A

PIP2 is split into IP2 and DAG

31
Q

norepinephrine stimulates….

A

alpha 1, beta 1 and alpha 2 receptors

32
Q

posterior urethral valves

A

due to malformation of Wolffian ducts, can only occur in males

33
Q

acetyl CoA carboxylase

A

rate limiting step in FA synthesis, produces malonyl CoA

34
Q

loss of contractility occurs how long after ischemia

A

60 seconds

35
Q

MOA of triptans

A

serotonin agonists

36
Q

water restriction

A
  • no increase in urine osmolality = diabetes insipidus (central increases after DDAVP, nephrogenic doesn’t)
  • partial and polydipsia have slow increase with no additional increase with DDAVP
37
Q

labs in Kelinfelters

A
  • low testosterone due to malformed testes
  • high LH and FSH (due to no feedback inhibition)
  • high estrogen (gynecomastia)
38
Q

high estrogen in liver disease

A
  • less estrogen destruction

- alcohol inhibits testosterone synthesis

39
Q

timeline of starting coagulation necrosis in MI

A

4-12 hours in

40
Q

5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity

A

only DNA pol I (DNA pol III is only 3’ to 5’ activity)

- functions as a way to remove primer

41
Q

sucrose

A

fructose and glucose

42
Q

most common artery for aneurysm affecting CNIII

A

posterior communicating

43
Q

shrunken liver

A

fulminant hepatitis (can be caused by virus or inhaled anesthetics)

44
Q

first week of TB exposure

A

bacterial replication

45
Q

crescentic glomerulonephritis is due to deposition of….

A

fibrin

46
Q

S-100 brain tumor

A

neural crest derived Schwanoma

47
Q

vacuoles between cell bodies of neurons

A

Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease

48
Q

Charcot Boucard vs hypertensive arteriolar sclerosis

A

Charcot Bouchard = lacunar stroke with intraparenchymal hemorrhage
- other does not have CT changes

49
Q

uremic disorder and bleeding

A

leads to qualitative platelet disorder and longer bleeding time
- no effect on coag factors

AAA - Board by day (28 decks)

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