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AAA - Board by day > 3/22 > Flashcards

3/22 Flashcards

1
Q

liquefactive necrosis is characterized by…..

A

lysosomal digestion of tissue

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2
Q

part of the brain in Alzeimer’s

A

hippocampus

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3
Q

ophthalmic artery comes from…

A

internal carotid (not from SALFOPSMax)

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4
Q

microglia after neuronal damage

A

take up lipids from meylin and stina positively for lipids

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5
Q

brownish yellow machine oil fluid

A

craniopharyngioma (also has wet keratin and cholesterol crystals

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6
Q

drug with gingival hyperplasia

A

phenytoin

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7
Q

paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration

A

antibodies in Purkinje cells (from small cell lung cancer, GYN or breast and Hodgkin cancer)

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8
Q

vomiting center

A

in dorsal surface of medulla at caudal end of fourth ventricle

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9
Q

treatment for acute delirium

A

low doses of haloperidol

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10
Q

absence seizures and awareness

A

they have a lack of awareness

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11
Q

number of episodes needed for bipolar

A

one or more

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12
Q

mood stabilizer besides litium

A

valproate

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13
Q

dementia and delirium

A

dementia is always long term, delirium is short term

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14
Q

dialysis and amyloid

A

can cause beta 2 deposits and present with carpal tunnel

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15
Q

lung infection by lobe

A
  • posterior segment of right upper lobe when laying down

- basilar segment of right lower lobe when standing

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16
Q

reason for high FEV/FVC in fibrotic lung disease

A

radial traction from alveoli keep the airways open, causing elastic recoil

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17
Q

hemodynamic changes with preload

A

increases sarcomere length, not contraction velocity (that is inotropy)

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18
Q

phenoxybenzamine vs phentolamine

A

phenoxy is non-competitive irreversible and phentolamine is competitive reversible antagonist

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19
Q

genoldopam

A

dopamine 1 agonist (increases cAMP) for treating high bp

- promotes diuresis and natriuresis in patients with kidney disease

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20
Q

bifid carotid pulse with brisk upstroke

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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21
Q

cilostazol

A

decreases platlet aggregation and is direct arterial dilator

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22
Q

decrease potassium outflow from myocytes causes…

A

prolonged QT and cardiac arrythmias

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23
Q

tissue of action in beta blockers

A

cardiomyocytes, juxtaglomerular cells (not vascular smooth muscle)

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24
Q

when does myocyte perfusion occur

A

during diastole

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25
Q

types of glucose tests

A
  • glucose tolerance for gestational and cystic fibrosis (more expensive)
  • fasting glucose for type 1 (easier)
26
Q

acrolein

A

toxic metbolite of cyclophosphamide (protected with mesna)

27
Q

foot sensation

A
  • tibial nerve is heel
  • saphenous is medial
  • sural is lateral
  • deep peroneal is between toes
  • superficial peroneal is dorsum
28
Q

actions of latissimus dorsi

A

extension, adduction and internal rotation

29
Q

internal laryngeal nerve

A

only sensory and autonomic fibers (afferent of cough reflex through 10)

30
Q

bugs in osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus and salmonella (sickle cell)

31
Q

estrogen in bone in kids

A

accelerates growth but also plate closure

32
Q

tumor in appendix

A

carcinoid, collection of round uniform cells

33
Q

parts of duodenum

A
  • second = apulla

- third = SMA

34
Q

achalasia vs scleroderma

A 
achalasia = high pressure
scleroderma = low LES pressure
35
Q

enteropeptidase

A

first activator of trypsin

36
Q

antihistamines vs odansetron

A
  • histamines for nausea, ondansetron for vomiting
37
Q

omphalomesenteric duct

A

same as vitelline duct, persistent in Meckels

38
Q

allantois

A

connection from bladder to womb, persistence can lead to umbilical hernia

39
Q

fetal umbilical vein enters circulation in….

A

inferior vena cava

40
Q

result of poor glucose control in mom

A

macrosomia and hypoglycemia at birth

41
Q

oral candidiasis pre-exposure

A

HIV (sexual activity)

42
Q

treatment of gynecomastia when using prostate meds

A

tamoxifen (danazol will help but it makes prostate worse)

43
Q

layers of inguinal canal

A
  • transversalis = deep inguinal
  • internal oblique = cremaster
  • external oblique = superficial ring
44
Q

collagen triple helix and C and N terminal cleavage

A

triple helix in nucleus, C/N cleavage out of cell

45
Q

NADPH is for….

A

fatty acid synthesis and oxidative stress

46
Q

hepatosplenomegaly (Tay Sach vs Niemann Pick)

A

present in Niemann Pick (can’t fit in gangly vampire)

47
Q

precursor of serotonin

A

tryptophan, requires BH4

48
Q

clinical of homocystinuria

A

like Marfans with lens subluxation and CV (stroke and MI)

- supplement with B6

49
Q

reaction alcohol inhibits

A

reactions requiring NAD+ (gluconeogenesis)

50
Q

organisms with hepatic absesses

A

entamoeba histolytica, echinococcus, bacteria

51
Q

most common cause of bacteremia in sickle cell

A

strep pneumo and H flu

52
Q

RIPE drug causing eye problems

A

ethambutol

- pyrazinamide causes hyperuricemia

53
Q

budding yeast and germ tubes

A

candida

54
Q

important lab in legionella

A

low sodium

55
Q

fungal agents and P450

A
  • griseofulvin is inducer

- azole is inhibitor

56
Q

medical equiptment and staph

A
  • epidermidis (forms biofilm with extracellular polysaccharide matrix)
57
Q

terbinafine MOA

A

inhibits squalene epoxidase

58
Q

MOA of shigella and e coli toxins

A

inhibits protein synthesis

59
Q

serum sickness and medications

A

chimeric ones (due to animal exposure)

60
Q

Fas/FasL

A

apoptosis

AAA - Board by day (28 decks)

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