3/22 Flashcards
liquefactive necrosis is characterized by…..
lysosomal digestion of tissue
part of the brain in Alzeimer’s
hippocampus
ophthalmic artery comes from…
internal carotid (not from SALFOPSMax)
microglia after neuronal damage
take up lipids from meylin and stina positively for lipids
brownish yellow machine oil fluid
craniopharyngioma (also has wet keratin and cholesterol crystals
drug with gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin
paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
antibodies in Purkinje cells (from small cell lung cancer, GYN or breast and Hodgkin cancer)
vomiting center
in dorsal surface of medulla at caudal end of fourth ventricle
treatment for acute delirium
low doses of haloperidol
absence seizures and awareness
they have a lack of awareness
number of episodes needed for bipolar
one or more
mood stabilizer besides litium
valproate
dementia and delirium
dementia is always long term, delirium is short term
dialysis and amyloid
can cause beta 2 deposits and present with carpal tunnel
lung infection by lobe
- posterior segment of right upper lobe when laying down
- basilar segment of right lower lobe when standing
reason for high FEV/FVC in fibrotic lung disease
radial traction from alveoli keep the airways open, causing elastic recoil
hemodynamic changes with preload
increases sarcomere length, not contraction velocity (that is inotropy)
phenoxybenzamine vs phentolamine
phenoxy is non-competitive irreversible and phentolamine is competitive reversible antagonist
genoldopam
dopamine 1 agonist (increases cAMP) for treating high bp
- promotes diuresis and natriuresis in patients with kidney disease
bifid carotid pulse with brisk upstroke
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
cilostazol
decreases platlet aggregation and is direct arterial dilator
decrease potassium outflow from myocytes causes…
prolonged QT and cardiac arrythmias
tissue of action in beta blockers
cardiomyocytes, juxtaglomerular cells (not vascular smooth muscle)
when does myocyte perfusion occur
during diastole
types of glucose tests
- glucose tolerance for gestational and cystic fibrosis (more expensive)
- fasting glucose for type 1 (easier)
acrolein
toxic metbolite of cyclophosphamide (protected with mesna)
foot sensation
- tibial nerve is heel
- saphenous is medial
- sural is lateral
- deep peroneal is between toes
- superficial peroneal is dorsum
actions of latissimus dorsi
extension, adduction and internal rotation
internal laryngeal nerve
only sensory and autonomic fibers (afferent of cough reflex through 10)
bugs in osteomyelitis
staph aureus and salmonella (sickle cell)
estrogen in bone in kids
accelerates growth but also plate closure
tumor in appendix
carcinoid, collection of round uniform cells
parts of duodenum
- second = apulla
- third = SMA
achalasia vs scleroderma
achalasia = high pressure scleroderma = low LES pressure
enteropeptidase
first activator of trypsin
antihistamines vs odansetron
- histamines for nausea, ondansetron for vomiting
omphalomesenteric duct
same as vitelline duct, persistent in Meckels
allantois
connection from bladder to womb, persistence can lead to umbilical hernia
fetal umbilical vein enters circulation in….
inferior vena cava
result of poor glucose control in mom
macrosomia and hypoglycemia at birth
oral candidiasis pre-exposure
HIV (sexual activity)
treatment of gynecomastia when using prostate meds
tamoxifen (danazol will help but it makes prostate worse)
layers of inguinal canal
- transversalis = deep inguinal
- internal oblique = cremaster
- external oblique = superficial ring
collagen triple helix and C and N terminal cleavage
triple helix in nucleus, C/N cleavage out of cell
NADPH is for….
fatty acid synthesis and oxidative stress
hepatosplenomegaly (Tay Sach vs Niemann Pick)
present in Niemann Pick (can’t fit in gangly vampire)
precursor of serotonin
tryptophan, requires BH4
clinical of homocystinuria
like Marfans with lens subluxation and CV (stroke and MI)
- supplement with B6
reaction alcohol inhibits
reactions requiring NAD+ (gluconeogenesis)
organisms with hepatic absesses
entamoeba histolytica, echinococcus, bacteria
most common cause of bacteremia in sickle cell
strep pneumo and H flu
RIPE drug causing eye problems
ethambutol
- pyrazinamide causes hyperuricemia
budding yeast and germ tubes
candida
important lab in legionella
low sodium
fungal agents and P450
- griseofulvin is inducer
- azole is inhibitor
medical equiptment and staph
- epidermidis (forms biofilm with extracellular polysaccharide matrix)
terbinafine MOA
inhibits squalene epoxidase
MOA of shigella and e coli toxins
inhibits protein synthesis
serum sickness and medications
chimeric ones (due to animal exposure)
Fas/FasL
apoptosis
