3/22

Question 1

liquefactive necrosis is characterized by…..

Answer 1

lysosomal digestion of tissue

Question 2

part of the brain in Alzeimer’s

Answer 2

hippocampus

Question 3

ophthalmic artery comes from…

Answer 3

internal carotid (not from SALFOPSMax)

Question 4

microglia after neuronal damage

Answer 4

take up lipids from meylin and stina positively for lipids

Question 5

brownish yellow machine oil fluid

Answer 5

craniopharyngioma (also has wet keratin and cholesterol crystals

Question 6

drug with gingival hyperplasia

Answer 6

phenytoin

Question 7

paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration

Answer 7

antibodies in Purkinje cells (from small cell lung cancer, GYN or breast and Hodgkin cancer)

Question 8

vomiting center

Answer 8

in dorsal surface of medulla at caudal end of fourth ventricle

Question 9

treatment for acute delirium

Answer 9

low doses of haloperidol

Question 10

absence seizures and awareness

Answer 10

they have a lack of awareness

Question 11

number of episodes needed for bipolar

Answer 11

one or more

Question 12

mood stabilizer besides litium

Answer 12

valproate

Question 13

dementia and delirium

Answer 13

dementia is always long term, delirium is short term

Question 14

dialysis and amyloid

Answer 14

can cause beta 2 deposits and present with carpal tunnel

Question 15

lung infection by lobe

Answer 15

• posterior segment of right upper lobe when laying down

- basilar segment of right lower lobe when standing

Question 16

reason for high FEV/FVC in fibrotic lung disease

Answer 16

radial traction from alveoli keep the airways open, causing elastic recoil

Question 17

hemodynamic changes with preload

Answer 17

increases sarcomere length, not contraction velocity (that is inotropy)

Question 18

phenoxybenzamine vs phentolamine

Answer 18

phenoxy is non-competitive irreversible and phentolamine is competitive reversible antagonist

Question 19

genoldopam

Answer 19

dopamine 1 agonist (increases cAMP) for treating high bp

- promotes diuresis and natriuresis in patients with kidney disease

Question 20

bifid carotid pulse with brisk upstroke

Answer 20

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 21

cilostazol

Answer 21

decreases platlet aggregation and is direct arterial dilator

Question 22

decrease potassium outflow from myocytes causes…

Answer 22

prolonged QT and cardiac arrythmias

Question 23

tissue of action in beta blockers

Answer 23

cardiomyocytes, juxtaglomerular cells (not vascular smooth muscle)

Question 24

when does myocyte perfusion occur

Answer 24

during diastole

Question 25

types of glucose tests

Answer 25

- glucose tolerance for gestational and cystic fibrosis (more expensive) - fasting glucose for type 1 (easier)

Question 26

acrolein

Answer 26

toxic metbolite of cyclophosphamide (protected with mesna)

Question 27

foot sensation

Answer 27

- tibial nerve is heel - saphenous is medial - sural is lateral - deep peroneal is between toes - superficial peroneal is dorsum

Question 28

actions of latissimus dorsi

Answer 28

extension, adduction and internal rotation

Question 29

internal laryngeal nerve

Answer 29

only sensory and autonomic fibers (afferent of cough reflex through 10)

Question 30

bugs in osteomyelitis

Answer 30

staph aureus and salmonella (sickle cell)

Question 31

estrogen in bone in kids

Answer 31

accelerates growth but also plate closure

Question 32

tumor in appendix

Answer 32

carcinoid, collection of round uniform cells

Question 33

parts of duodenum

Answer 33

- second = apulla | - third = SMA

Question 34

achalasia vs scleroderma

Answer 34

``` achalasia = high pressure scleroderma = low LES pressure ```

Question 35

enteropeptidase

Answer 35

first activator of trypsin

Question 36

antihistamines vs odansetron

Answer 36

- histamines for nausea, ondansetron for vomiting

Question 37

omphalomesenteric duct

Answer 37

same as vitelline duct, persistent in Meckels

Question 38

allantois

Answer 38

connection from bladder to womb, persistence can lead to umbilical hernia

Question 39

fetal umbilical vein enters circulation in....

Answer 39

inferior vena cava

Question 40

result of poor glucose control in mom

Answer 40

macrosomia and hypoglycemia at birth

Question 41

oral candidiasis pre-exposure

Answer 41

HIV (sexual activity)

Question 42

treatment of gynecomastia when using prostate meds

Answer 42

tamoxifen (danazol will help but it makes prostate worse)

Question 43

layers of inguinal canal

Answer 43

- transversalis = deep inguinal - internal oblique = cremaster - external oblique = superficial ring

Question 44

collagen triple helix and C and N terminal cleavage

Answer 44

triple helix in nucleus, C/N cleavage out of cell

Question 45

NADPH is for....

Answer 45

fatty acid synthesis and oxidative stress

Question 46

hepatosplenomegaly (Tay Sach vs Niemann Pick)

Answer 46

present in Niemann Pick (can't fit in gangly vampire)

Question 47

precursor of serotonin

Answer 47

tryptophan, requires BH4

Question 48

clinical of homocystinuria

Answer 48

like Marfans with lens subluxation and CV (stroke and MI) | - supplement with B6

Question 49

reaction alcohol inhibits

Answer 49

reactions requiring NAD+ (gluconeogenesis)

Question 50

organisms with hepatic absesses

Answer 50

entamoeba histolytica, echinococcus, bacteria

Question 51

most common cause of bacteremia in sickle cell

Answer 51

strep pneumo and H flu

Question 52

RIPE drug causing eye problems

Answer 52

ethambutol | - pyrazinamide causes hyperuricemia

Question 53

budding yeast and germ tubes

Answer 53

candida

Question 54

important lab in legionella

Answer 54

low sodium

Question 55

fungal agents and P450

Answer 55

- griseofulvin is inducer | - azole is inhibitor

Question 56

medical equiptment and staph

Answer 56

- epidermidis (forms biofilm with extracellular polysaccharide matrix)

Question 57

terbinafine MOA

Answer 57

inhibits squalene epoxidase

Question 58

MOA of shigella and e coli toxins

Answer 58

inhibits protein synthesis

Question 59

serum sickness and medications

Answer 59

chimeric ones (due to animal exposure)

Question 60

Fas/FasL

Answer 60

apoptosis