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AAA - Board by day > 3/25 > Flashcards

3/25 Flashcards

1
Q

way to prevent tetanus in neonates

A

vaccinate mom

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2
Q

drug of choice for beta blocker overdose

A

glucagon, increases cAMP and calcium for more contractions

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3
Q

drugs that stay in plasma

A

large molecular weight, protein bound or hydrophilic

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4
Q

low volume of distribution

A

3-5L, drug remains in the plasma

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5
Q

timeline for major depressive disorder

A

over 2 weeks

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6
Q

transference

A

shifting emotions from person in the past to person in the present

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7
Q

ground glass hepatocytes

A

seen in hepatitis B

  • diffuse homogeneous eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • due to accumulation of hepatic surface antigen
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8
Q

Mallory bodies

A
  • seen in hepatic steatosis

- eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions made of intermediate filaments

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9
Q

dividing line of the anterior 2/3 of tongue and posterior 1/3

A

terminal sulcus and foramen cecum

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10
Q

medications leading to osteoporosis

A
  • cytochrome p450 inducers
  • ones that decrease estrogen
  • PPIs (loss of acidic environment needed for calcium absorption)
  • glucocorticoids
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11
Q

cerebellar tumors in kids

A

pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma

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12
Q

most important characteristic for identifying Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Reed Sternberg cells (may be many different cell types but you can’t distinguish this from a normal reaction to infection)

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13
Q

vWF binds to…..

A

collagen and glycoproteins on platelets

- also carrier protein for factor 8

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14
Q

most important risk factor for aortic dissection

A

hypertension

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15
Q

large AV difference in inhaled anesthetics

A

indicates high solubility in peripheral tissue and slow onset of action

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16
Q

rate of induction and potency in inhaled anesthetics

A

they are completely different measures

  • rate of induction is dependent on solubility
  • potency is inversely proportional to MAC
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17
Q

how is alanine converted to pyruvate

A

along with the conversion of ketoglutarate to glutamate (B6 is cofactor)

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18
Q

concentric vs eccentric hypertrophy

A 
concentric = hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, aortic stenosis
eccentric = volume overload
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19
Q

organisms in secondary pneumonia

A

s pneumoniae, s aureus and h flu

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20
Q

thyroid cancer with amyloid

A

medullary cancer

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21
Q

giant cells in tumor

A

usually anaplastic

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22
Q

long slender microvilli and abundant tonofilaments

A

mesothelioma

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23
Q

rounded polygonal cells with abundant clear cytoplasm

A

renal cell carcinoma

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24
Q

common lab finding in CF

A

hyponatremia due to loss of sodium in sweat because chloride can not be reabsorbed

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25
major process affected by achondroplasia
endochondral ossification due to inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation
26
most common problem predisposing to infective endocarditis
mitral valve prolapse in developing countries, rheumatic heart disease in others
27
sirolimus
blocks mTOR, inhibiting IL2 activation
28
green color in sputum
due to myeloperoxidase in neutorphils
29
clopidegrel
inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking P2Y12 on platelet ADP receptors
30
plantar foot innervation
tibial nerve
31
spherules packed with endospores
coccidioides
32
when to give antibiotics for group B strep in mom
35-37 weeks
33
bacteria that synthesize dextrans from sucrose
strep viridans
34
metyropone
blocks cortisol production, used as a test for ACTH production
35
drugs used in MI to slow heart
cardioselective beta blockers (ABEAM)
36
proteasome inhibitors
lead to toxic accumulation of metabolites, leading to apoptosis
37
mutation in myeloproliferative disorders
JAK-STAT (except CML)
38
pulsion diverticulum
cause due to pressure, as opposed to traction due to inflammation, scarring and pulling
39
cystic medial degeneration
only in Marfans, aortic dissection
40
major cause of AAA
transmural inflammation
41
rubber like properties of elastin
fibrillin crosslinks due to lysyl oxidase, forming desmosine crosslinks
42
schizoid vs schizotypal personality disorsers
- schizoid = loner, detached, unemotional | - typal = eccentric, odd beliefs
43
effects of milrinone
increased cardiac contractility and arterial dilation (due to increase in cAMP)
44
embryology of kidney
- metanephric blastema = everything from glomerulus to DCT | - ureteric bud = everything from collecting duct to ureter
45
chronic lung rejection leads to....
bronchiolitis obliterans
46
vessel involved in lateral medullary syndrome
posterior inferior cerebellar artery, branching from vertebral
47
major feature of glucagonoma
necrolytic migratory erythema
48
peau d'orange
often itchy rash with breast edema is indicative of inflamatory breast cancer
49
most common cause of calcium stones
normocalcemia, hypercalineruia
50
loud P2
pulmonary hypertension
51
arterial supply to greater body/fundus of stomach
short gastric arteries off of splenic artery
52
colonization of bronchial mucosa in asthmatics
aspergillus
53
cause of low contraction in myasthenia gravis
fewer receptors means decrease in end plate potential, meaning threshold can not be reached and muscles do not depolarize
54
leuprolide effect on testosterone
initial increase followed by an eventual decrease in levels
55
proximal tubular cell ballooning and vacuolar degeneration
ATN
56
oxalate crystals in tubular lumen
ethylene glycol poisoning
57
most common reason for dystrophic calcification
necrosis
58
risk for low citrate
calcium stones (citrate usually binds extra calcium in the kidney, leading to its excretion)
59
turn blue early in life vs occuring later
``` early = tetralogy of Fallot later = Eisemmeger ```
60
embryology cause of tetralogy of fallot
anterior and cephalad deviation of the infundibular septum (between aorta and pulmonic trunk)
61
drugs that can cause and IgE independent reaction
opioids, radiocontrasts and vancomycin
62
drug for reducing alcohol cravings
naltrexone (opioid receptor blocker)
63
most common disorder of heme synthesis
porphyria cutanea tarda
64
porphyria cutanea tarda
- presents as photosensitivity that has vesicles and blistering on sun exposed areas - due to lack of uroporphyrinogne decarboxylase
65
HIV associated dementia
inflammatory activation of microglial cells (leads to cytokine release and destruction) - primarily affects subcortical structures
66
TLC/RV ratio in COPD
smaller because there is a greater increase in RV than in TLC
67
major compartment increased in COPD
residual volume
68
treatment for drug induced parkinsons
centrally acting antimuscarinic (not levadopa because it can make psychosis worse)
69
most potent diuretic used for decompensated heart failure
furosemide
70
hepcidin
decrease amount of ferroportin in enterocytes for bringing iron into the body - central regulator for iron homeostasis
71
parakeratotic coreum
psoriasis
72
treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamezepine
73
anti cyclic citrullinated antibodies
rheumatoid arthritis
74
increasae in MMPs at a wound
contracture

AAA - Board by day (28 decks)

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