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AAA - Board by day > 3/25 > Flashcards

3/25 Flashcards

1
Q

way to prevent tetanus in neonates

A

vaccinate mom

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2
Q

drug of choice for beta blocker overdose

A

glucagon, increases cAMP and calcium for more contractions

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3
Q

drugs that stay in plasma

A

large molecular weight, protein bound or hydrophilic

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4
Q

low volume of distribution

A

3-5L, drug remains in the plasma

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5
Q

timeline for major depressive disorder

A

over 2 weeks

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6
Q

transference

A

shifting emotions from person in the past to person in the present

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7
Q

ground glass hepatocytes

A

seen in hepatitis B

  • diffuse homogeneous eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • due to accumulation of hepatic surface antigen
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8
Q

Mallory bodies

A
  • seen in hepatic steatosis

- eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions made of intermediate filaments

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9
Q

dividing line of the anterior 2/3 of tongue and posterior 1/3

A

terminal sulcus and foramen cecum

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10
Q

medications leading to osteoporosis

A
  • cytochrome p450 inducers
  • ones that decrease estrogen
  • PPIs (loss of acidic environment needed for calcium absorption)
  • glucocorticoids
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11
Q

cerebellar tumors in kids

A

pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma

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12
Q

most important characteristic for identifying Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Reed Sternberg cells (may be many different cell types but you can’t distinguish this from a normal reaction to infection)

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13
Q

vWF binds to…..

A

collagen and glycoproteins on platelets

- also carrier protein for factor 8

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14
Q

most important risk factor for aortic dissection

A

hypertension

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15
Q

large AV difference in inhaled anesthetics

A

indicates high solubility in peripheral tissue and slow onset of action

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16
Q

rate of induction and potency in inhaled anesthetics

A

they are completely different measures

  • rate of induction is dependent on solubility
  • potency is inversely proportional to MAC
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17
Q

how is alanine converted to pyruvate

A

along with the conversion of ketoglutarate to glutamate (B6 is cofactor)

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18
Q

concentric vs eccentric hypertrophy

A 
concentric = hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, aortic stenosis
eccentric = volume overload
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19
Q

organisms in secondary pneumonia

A

s pneumoniae, s aureus and h flu

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20
Q

thyroid cancer with amyloid

A

medullary cancer

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21
Q

giant cells in tumor

A

usually anaplastic

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22
Q

long slender microvilli and abundant tonofilaments

A

mesothelioma

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23
Q

rounded polygonal cells with abundant clear cytoplasm

A

renal cell carcinoma

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24
Q

common lab finding in CF

A

hyponatremia due to loss of sodium in sweat because chloride can not be reabsorbed

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25
Q

major process affected by achondroplasia

A

endochondral ossification due to inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation

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26
Q

most common problem predisposing to infective endocarditis

A

mitral valve prolapse in developing countries, rheumatic heart disease in others

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27
Q

sirolimus

A

blocks mTOR, inhibiting IL2 activation

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28
Q

green color in sputum

A

due to myeloperoxidase in neutorphils

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29
Q

clopidegrel

A

inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking P2Y12 on platelet ADP receptors

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30
Q

plantar foot innervation

A

tibial nerve

31
Q

spherules packed with endospores

A

coccidioides

32
Q

when to give antibiotics for group B strep in mom

A

35-37 weeks

33
Q

bacteria that synthesize dextrans from sucrose

A

strep viridans

34
Q

metyropone

A

blocks cortisol production, used as a test for ACTH production

35
Q

drugs used in MI to slow heart

A

cardioselective beta blockers (ABEAM)

36
Q

proteasome inhibitors

A

lead to toxic accumulation of metabolites, leading to apoptosis

37
Q

mutation in myeloproliferative disorders

A

JAK-STAT (except CML)

38
Q

pulsion diverticulum

A

cause due to pressure, as opposed to traction due to inflammation, scarring and pulling

39
Q

cystic medial degeneration

A

only in Marfans, aortic dissection

40
Q

major cause of AAA

A

transmural inflammation

41
Q

rubber like properties of elastin

A

fibrillin crosslinks due to lysyl oxidase, forming desmosine crosslinks

42
Q

schizoid vs schizotypal personality disorsers

A
  • schizoid = loner, detached, unemotional

- typal = eccentric, odd beliefs

43
Q

effects of milrinone

A

increased cardiac contractility and arterial dilation (due to increase in cAMP)

44
Q

embryology of kidney

A
  • metanephric blastema = everything from glomerulus to DCT

- ureteric bud = everything from collecting duct to ureter

45
Q

chronic lung rejection leads to….

A

bronchiolitis obliterans

46
Q

vessel involved in lateral medullary syndrome

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery, branching from vertebral

47
Q

major feature of glucagonoma

A

necrolytic migratory erythema

48
Q

peau d’orange

A

often itchy rash with breast edema is indicative of inflamatory breast cancer

49
Q

most common cause of calcium stones

A

normocalcemia, hypercalineruia

50
Q

loud P2

A

pulmonary hypertension

51
Q

arterial supply to greater body/fundus of stomach

A

short gastric arteries off of splenic artery

52
Q

colonization of bronchial mucosa in asthmatics

A

aspergillus

53
Q

cause of low contraction in myasthenia gravis

A

fewer receptors means decrease in end plate potential, meaning threshold can not be reached and muscles do not depolarize

54
Q

leuprolide effect on testosterone

A

initial increase followed by an eventual decrease in levels

55
Q

proximal tubular cell ballooning and vacuolar degeneration

A

ATN

56
Q

oxalate crystals in tubular lumen

A

ethylene glycol poisoning

57
Q

most common reason for dystrophic calcification

A

necrosis

58
Q

risk for low citrate

A

calcium stones (citrate usually binds extra calcium in the kidney, leading to its excretion)

59
Q

turn blue early in life vs occuring later

A 
early = tetralogy of Fallot
later = Eisemmeger
60
Q

embryology cause of tetralogy of fallot

A

anterior and cephalad deviation of the infundibular septum (between aorta and pulmonic trunk)

61
Q

drugs that can cause and IgE independent reaction

A

opioids, radiocontrasts and vancomycin

62
Q

drug for reducing alcohol cravings

A

naltrexone (opioid receptor blocker)

63
Q

most common disorder of heme synthesis

A

porphyria cutanea tarda

64
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda

A
  • presents as photosensitivity that has vesicles and blistering on sun exposed areas
  • due to lack of uroporphyrinogne decarboxylase
65
Q

HIV associated dementia

A

inflammatory activation of microglial cells (leads to cytokine release and destruction)
- primarily affects subcortical structures

66
Q

TLC/RV ratio in COPD

A

smaller because there is a greater increase in RV than in TLC

67
Q

major compartment increased in COPD

A

residual volume

68
Q

treatment for drug induced parkinsons

A

centrally acting antimuscarinic (not levadopa because it can make psychosis worse)

69
Q

most potent diuretic used for decompensated heart failure

A

furosemide

70
Q

hepcidin

A

decrease amount of ferroportin in enterocytes for bringing iron into the body
- central regulator for iron homeostasis

71
Q

parakeratotic coreum

A

psoriasis

72
Q

treatment for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamezepine

73
Q

anti cyclic citrullinated antibodies

A

rheumatoid arthritis

74
Q

increasae in MMPs at a wound

A

contracture

AAA - Board by day (28 decks)

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