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AAA - Board by day > 3/28 > Flashcards

3/28 Flashcards

1
Q

nocturnal erections

A

remain present in psychogenic causes of erectile dysfunction (libido is decreased)

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2
Q

things resistant to standard autoclaving

A

prions

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3
Q

conversion disorder

A
  • la belle indifference
  • loss of sensory or motor function followed by an acute stressor
  • patient is aware but indifferent
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4
Q

amplitude of action potential is dependent on….

A

length of time and number of sodium channels that are open

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5
Q

decreased muscle strength and increase reflexes

A

UMN lesion

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6
Q

biliary atresia

A
  • blockage in biliary tree in newborn

- can lead to cirrhosis

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7
Q

obliterating endarteritis

A

seen in syphilis

- gummas do not form pus

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8
Q

oxygen consumption in kidney is directly correlated with….

A

amount of sodium that is reabsorbed in the proximal tubules

- reabsorption is energy driven due to basolateral ATP pump

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9
Q

white vs gray matter in spinal cord

A

gray matter = anterior and posterior horns, anterior commissure
white matter = everything else

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10
Q

actions of posterior column

A

vibration, two point discrimination, position and fine touch

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11
Q

chance of matching HLA types with sibling

A

although there are two HLA systems, they are present on same chromosome, so the change of matching with a sibling is 1:4

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12
Q

circumflex artery

A

always from the left, supplying left atrium and ventricle

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13
Q

tubocurine

A

toxic alkaloid that led to development of nondepolarizing muscular blockers
- can block diaphragm function

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14
Q

catabolite activator

A

its not a real thing

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15
Q

allosteric enzymes change….

A

binding affinity

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16
Q

tissues that can perform gluconeogenisis

A

kidney and liver

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17
Q

syndrome with female breast and genitalia, XY with no internal female structures

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome

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18
Q

caplan syndrome

A

combination of RA and pneumconiosis

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19
Q

mri in subarachnoid aneurysm rupture

A

hyperdensity in cisterns and sulci

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20
Q

cancer associated with aflatoxin

A

liver cancer - hepatocellular carcinoma (not lung)

- p53

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21
Q

phases of Pagets disease

A
  1. osteolytic phase (osteoclasts dominate)
  2. mixed
  3. osteosclerotic phase (mosaic pattern of lamellar bone with prominent cement lines)
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22
Q

importance of personality disorders

A

has to be pervasive across a broad range of situations

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23
Q

cricothyrotomy goes through….

A

superficial cervical fascia and cricothyroid membrane (in between cricoid and thyroid cartilage)

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24
Q

activation of isoniazid before use

A

requires catalase peroxidation (mechanism for resistance)

- KatG bobcat in Sketchy

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25
Q

rash in measles vs rubella

A 
measles = higher fever, cough, coryza, Koplik spots, conjunctivitis
rubella = rash on the face, spreads caudally, three days, low grade fever, posterior auricular lymph nodes
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26
Q

rash with posterior auricular nodes

A

rubella (toga virus)

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27
Q

uniparental disomy is only important in…..

A

genomic imprinting disorders (Prader Willi and Anglemanns)

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28
Q

three ways to get down syndrome

A
  1. nondisjunction
  2. unbalanced translocations
  3. mosaicism
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29
Q

mechanism for zenker diverticulum

A

abnormal relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle during swallowing
- false diverticulum in posterior Killman triangle

30
Q

cause of scarring and traction of esophagus

A

mediastinal lymphadenitis due to infections, resulting in true diverticula

31
Q

nerve most likely damaged during herniation

A

CN III

32
Q

four findings in transtentorial herniation

A
  1. CNIII damage
  2. ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery compression leading to contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
  3. compression of contralateral cerebellum
  4. brainstem hemorrhages
33
Q

lipid lowering agent that can increase triglycerides

A

cholestyramine

34
Q

cancers associated with EBV

A

Burkitts lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

35
Q

most common cause of renal artery stenosis

A

obstuction with athersclerotic plaque

36
Q

histology of crytococcus

A

narrow based budding yeast

37
Q

zinc finger motif

A

commonly in DNA binding proteins

38
Q

histology of molluscum vs herpes

A 
molluscum = eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions
herpes = multinucleated cells with intranuclear inclusions
39
Q

simple vs complex seizures

A

dependent on loss of consciousness

40
Q

morning stiffness in OA and RA

A 
OA = usually not present, goes away quickly
RA = usually present
41
Q

chronic lymphedema is a risk factor for…..

A

angiosarcoma (usually after breast cancer removal)

42
Q

important to look for ______ cells in acute leukemia

A

blasts = need to be present to make the diagnosis

43
Q

conduct disorder in adults

A

antisocial personality disorder

- disregard for rights of others, lack of remorse, crimilality

44
Q

physiologic changes in beta blockers

A

increase in peripheral resistance and decreased cardiac output

45
Q

cells with tight junctions forming blood-testis barrier

A

sertoli

46
Q

secretion products of sertoli cells

A
  • MIS (blocks paramesonephric ducts)
  • androgen binding protein (maintains high testosterone)
  • inhibin (mostly inhibits FSH)
47
Q

eIF-4e

A

initiation factor only involved in initiation

- used to help assemble 40S subunit with initiator tRNA, released when 60S associates

48
Q

order of sites on ribosome

A

APE

e = exit

49
Q

steps in elongation of protein

A
  1. aminoacyl-tRNA binds to A site
  2. amino acid chain in P site is transferred to one in A site - formation of peptide bond
  3. tRNA moves to P site
50
Q

adenosine in heart

A

when energy is low (high adenosine) it leads to vasodilation

  • same action as NO
  • very short acting, used for stress testing and stopping SVTs
51
Q

erythema migrans

A

targetoid lesion in lyme disease

52
Q

t tubles

A

extension of cell membrane that penetrate muscle fibers

53
Q

how water is reabsorbed in PCT

A

through passive diffusion

54
Q

cherry red skin

A

carbon monoxide poisoning

55
Q

Budd Chiari

A

thrombosis of hepatic vein leading to liver congestion

56
Q

LDH

A

marker for cell damage

57
Q

test in hemolytic anemia after penicillin

A

direct coombs (look for autoantibodies against red cells)

58
Q

cardiac index

A

measures how well the heart is working as a pump

59
Q

Kupffer cell

A

hepatic macrophage

60
Q

Ito (stellate cell)

A

stores vitamin A and is responsive to fibrotic factors

61
Q

normal beta hCG levels in pregnancy

A

peaks at 9-12 weeks, should never go above 300,000

62
Q

calculation for alveolar oxygen

A

150 - CO2/0.8

63
Q

lipd A binds….

A

CD 14 on macrophages leading to septic shock

64
Q

disease with increased basophils

A

CML

65
Q

histiocyte

A

macrophage in the connective tissue

66
Q

order of RBC synthesis in fetus

A

yolk sac - liver - spleen - BM

67
Q

hemoglobin electrphoresis

A

for differentiating normal, sickle trait, sickle cell, newborn, Hb C and SC disease

68
Q

treatment of lead poisoning

A

dimercaprol and EDTA

69
Q

CLL mneumonic

A

crushed little lymphocytes

70
Q

platelet factor 4

A

causes HIT

71
Q

neprilysin

A

blocks ANP/BNP degredation

AAA - Board by day (28 decks)

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