3/31 Flashcards
stool in watery diarrhea
- no leukocytes (caused by toxin)
TCA cycle using riboflavin
succinate dehydrogenase
acetyl CoA can be used to make…
- malonyl CoA for FA synthesis
- acetoacetyl CoA used to make HMG CoA (for cholesterol or ketone bodies
glycerol kinase
allows glycerol to get into glycolysis
absent CD18
leukocyte adhesion deficiency (leads to an increase in peripheral leukocytes because they can’t adhere)
location of external hemorrhoids
posterior, below dentate line
thing that acid fast binds to
carbofusicin binds to mycolic acid
MOA of action for rifaximin
decreases intestinal production of ammonia
MOA of lactulose
increased conversion of ammonia to ammonium (gets lost in stool)
remelteon
melatonin agonist (works well in older folks)
adults with rubella usually develop….
polyarthralgias
two lipid lowering agents associated with myopathy
statin and fibrates
ligament causing spinal stenosis
ligamentum flavum
Rosenthal fibers and granular eosinophilic bodies
pilocytic astrocytoma
Homer Wright rosettes
meduloblastoma
thyroiditis with giant cell
subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
histology of cardiac myxoma
mucopolysaccharide stroma, abnormal blood vessels and hemorrhaging
most common cause of hypertension in aging
increase arterial stiffness
artery in I and aVL
left circumflex
sympathetic effects of dopamine
- low dose = increase in renal blood flow
- medium dose = beta 1 agonist
- high dose = alpha 1 agonist
protective factors for ovarian cancer
- having kids
- breast feeding
- oral contraceptives
cells that get GLUT4 receptors
adipose and muscle
nerves of the leg
- iliohypogastric = motor to anterolateral abdominal wall, skin above pubic region and gluteal region
- genitofemoral = sensation to upper anterior thigh and motor to cremaster
- ilioinguinal = sensation to genitals and upper medial thigh
pancreatic pseudocyst is lined by…
fibrous and granulation tissue (not cells)
gaps in BBB
- area postrema (vomiting after chemo)
- organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (osmotic sensing)
lateral hypothalamus
- controls hunger
- destruction = anorexia and failure to thrive (if you zap laterally, you shrink laterally)
ventromedial hypothalamus
- controls satiety
- destruction = hyperphagia (if you zap ventromedial, you grow ventrally and medially)
anterior hypothalamus
cooling, parasympathetic
posterior hypothalamus
warming, sympathetic
suprachiasmatic hypothalamus
circadian rhythm
supraoptic and supraventricular hypothalamus
oxytocin and ADH
treatment for bed wetting
ADH
treatment of night terrors
benzos (and sleep walking)
ventral posterolateral thalamus
vibratory, pain, pressure, proprioception, light touch and temperature
- spinothalamic and dorsal columns, medial lemniscus
ventral posteromedial thalamus
face sensation and taste (makeup goes on the face)
lateral geniculate thlamus
vision (lateral = light)
medial geniculate nucleus
hearing from superior olive and inferior colliculus to auditory cortex (medial = music)
ventral lateral thalamus
motor to motor cortex
mesocortical dopamine pathway
less activity gives negative symptoms
mesolimbic dopamine pathway
more activity give positive symptoms
jaw muscles
lateral lowers and medial munch
moro reflex
hang on for dear life, extend arms and draw together
frontal eye field lesion
looks toward lesion
PPRF lesion
looks away from lesion
