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Pharmacology > 22 Anesthetics > Flashcards

22 Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

麻醉前給藥

A

Diazepam, Fentanyl, Atropine

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2
Q

引導麻醉

A

Thiopental, propofol, Etomidate

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3
Q

插管

A

Atracurium

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4
Q

Thiopental

A

極短效 Barbiturates, 不可用於 Porphyria 病人

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5
Q

Propofol

A

IV anesthetics, 用於維持麻醉深度
可能導致低血壓
可以止吐

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6
Q

Etomidate

A

IV anesthetics
比較不會呼吸、心跳抑制
但是容易有嘔吐、肌痙攣副作用

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7
Q

Ketamine

A

IV anesthetics, dissociative anesthetics
NMDA blocker
有強心作用

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8
Q

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

A

IH anesthetics
強度最弱，induction time 最快
有第二氣體效應（Halothane）

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9
Q

Desflurane

A

IH anesthetics
超短效，可用於門診手術
臭

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10
Q

Sevoflurane

A

IH anesthetics
無刺激，適合小孩、氣喘
但有腎毒性

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11
Q

Isoflurane

A

IH anesthetics

臭

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12
Q

Enflurane

A

IH anesthetics

ICP 增加

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13
Q

Halothane

A

IH anesthetics

易導致 Halothane hepatitis, Myocardial depression, Arrhythmia, Malignant hyperthermia

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14
Q

Methoxyflurane

A

IH anesthetics

強度最強，誘導時間最慢

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15
Q

Tetracaine

A

Ester local anesthetics, 長效

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16
Q

Cocaine

A

Ester local anesthetics , 中效

17
Q

Procaine

A

Ester local anesthetics 短效

18
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Amide local anesthetics , 長效

19
Q

Lidocaine

A

Amide local anesthetics, 中效

也可用於治療 Ventricular tachycardia

20
Q

Mepivacaine

A

Amide local anesthetics, 中效

21
Q

Prilocaine

A

Amide local anesthetics, 中效

22
Q

Disulfiram

A

抑制 Aldehyde dehydrogenase

助戒酒

23
Q

減緩酒精戒斷症狀

A

BZD, Clonidine (α2 agonist, 還可以治療過動症、高血壓）

24
Q

Fomepizole

A

抑制 alcohol dehydrogenase, 治療甲醇中毒，避免其代謝成有毒代謝物

25
Q

Meperidine

A

Full µ agonist

術後止痛，鎮痛、呼吸抑制、成癮性均較 Morphine 弱

26
Q

Morphine

A

Full µ agonist

癌末病人止痛

27
Q

Fentanyl

A

Full µ agonist

強度是 Morphine 80 倍

28
Q

Heroin

A

Full µ agonist

造成欣快感，已禁用

29
Q

Methadone

A

Full µ agonist, 助戒毒

30
Q

Naloxone

A

Morphine 解毒劑

31
Q

Loperamide

A

µ2 agonist

止瀉，因為進不去BBB

32
Q

Codeine

A

Weak µ agonist, 主要作用不在止痛，在止咳

33
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

止咳

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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