08 Anti-Diabetic Drug

Question 1

Acarbose, Miglitol

Answer 1

α-glucosidase inhibitor

抑制雙醣與肝醣分解吸收

Question 2

Glyburide, Glipizide, Glimepiride…

Answer 2

Sulfonylureas (SU)

促進 ATP-sensitive K+ channel close，進而促進 Insulin 分泌

Question 3

Meglitinides（Repaglinide, Nateglinide）

Answer 3

NSIS, Non-SU insulin secretagogues

短效性，降飯後血糖，比較不會造成血糖降太低，較安全

Question 4

Biguanides (Metformin)

Answer 4

活化 AMP kinase, 促進肌肉與脂肪利用 Glucose，有 weight loss effect，副作用：Lactic acidosis
降空腹血糖，心肝腎不好的人不能用

Question 5

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone

Answer 5

TZD (Thiazolidinediones)
PPARγ agonist，提升 gene expression
促進 GLUT-1,4 表現，促進葡萄糖吸收
Fluid retention 嚴重，心肝不好不能用

Question 6

Exenatide, Liraglutide

Answer 6

GLP-1 mimetic

促進 β cell 分泌胰島素、減少升糖素分泌、抑制胃排空、抑制食慾

Question 7

Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin

Answer 7

DDP-4 inhibitors

阻止 DDP-4 分解 GLP-1

Question 8

Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin

Answer 8

SGLT2i
抑制腎臟近曲小管葡萄糖再吸收
造成高尿糖，易有UTI